621 



MALACOLOGY. 



MALACOLOGY. 





1, Carinaria. 2, A tlcinta. 3, Firola. 4, the Timoriennes of Quoy 

 and Gaimard. 5, the Monophores of the same. Phylliroe of PeVon is 

 placed here, but with doubt. 



Order 6. Pectinibranchiata. 



Family of Trochoids. 1, Trochua (including Tectus, Calcar, Rotella, 

 Cantharidui, Infundibulum, Telescopium, Solarium, and Euomphalus). 

 2, Turbo, including, as genera and sub-genera, Turbo properly so called 

 (which com prises both Turbo and Mdeagris of De Montfort), Delfhinula, 

 Pleurotomaria, Turritetta, Scalaria, together with certain terrestrial 

 and fresh-water sub-genera, namely, Oyclostama, Valvata, and Palti- 

 dina; and the following: Littorina, Monodon, Phagianella, Am- 

 pullaria (including Lanistei of De Montfort), Hdicina, Mdania, Rissoa, 

 Melanopsit, Pirena, Acteon (Tornatella, Lam.), Pyramidella, JantMna, 

 Nerita, Natica, Peloronta, Velaies, Neritina, and Clithon. 



Family of Capuloids. 1, Capulus (Pileopsis of Lamarck). 2, Hip- 

 ponyx. 3, Crepidula. 4. Pileolus. 5, Navicella (Cimber of De Mont- 

 fort). 6, Calyptraa. 7, Siphonaria. 8, Siyarelus. 9. Coriocella. 

 10, Cryptosoma. 



Family of Buccinoids. I, Conus. 2, Cyprcea. 3, Ovula, or rather 

 Oiulurn. including Volvo, (Radius ?) and Calpumus of De Montfort. 

 4, TerdtMum. 5, Valuta, including Oliva, Volvaria, the true Valuta 

 (subdivided by Broderip into Cymba Cymbium of De Montfort 

 Mdo, and Valuta), Marginella, Columbella, Mitra, and Cancdlaria. 



6, Buccinum, including JSuccinum of Bruguiere, Nasea, Eburna, Ancil- 

 laria, JDolium (the Tuns, and Partridge Tuns), Harpa, Purpura, 

 Unicornua (Monoceros, Lam.), Ricinula (Siitrum of De Montfort), 

 C'oncholepas, Cassis, Caitidaria (Morio of De Montf.), and Terebra. 



7, Cerithium (including Potamides). 8, Murex, including Murex, 

 Brug., which comprises the Muricei properly so called (Murex, De 

 Moutf.), and Brontet, Typhit, Chicoreus, Aquillus, Lotorium, Triton, 

 and Trophon of the same ; Randla (including Apotton of De Montf.) ; 

 Pusui (including Pusui and Latirui of De Montf.) ; Struthiolaria, 

 Pleurotoma, Clavatula, Pyrula (including Fulyur of De Montf.), and 

 Faiciolaria. 9, Strombut (including Strombus, Lam., Pterocerag, 

 Rattdlaria, and Hippochrenti). 



Order 7. Tubulibranchiala. 

 1, Vermetw, including Vermilia. 2, Magilua. 3. SUiqwiria. 



Order 8. Scutibranchiata. 



1, llaliotit, including Padollus as a sub-genus, and Stomatia. 2,Fis- 

 luretta. 3, Emarginula (Palmarium of De Moutfort). 4, Parmophorue 

 (Scutut of De Montfort). 



Order 9. Cyclolranchiata. 



1, Patella. 2, Chiton. 



Class IV. ACEPHALA. 



Order 1. Accphala Tettacea (with four branchial feuillets, or 

 leaflets.) 



Family of Ostraceans. 1, Arcado, Brug., or Oitracitet, La Peyrouse, 

 including Radiolitei, Sphcerulitet, Calceola, Hippurites, and Batolites, 

 2, Ottrea, Linn., including Ottrea, Brug., Gryphata, Pecten, Lima, and 

 Pedum. 3, Hinnitet. 4, Plagioatoma. 5, Pachytes. 6, Dianchora. 



7, Padopsit. 8, Anomia. 9, Placuna. 10, Spondylut, from which 

 Lamarck has separated Plicatula. 11, Malleus. 12, VulieUa. 13, 

 Perna, from which have been separated Crenattda, GerviUia, Inoce.ro- 

 mui, Catillw, and Pulvinitei. 14, Etheria. 15, Avicula, including 

 Maryartia. 16, Pinna. 17, Area, Linn., including Area, Lam., 

 Cucullaia, Pectuncoius, and Nucula. 18, Trigonia. 



Family of MytiJaceans. 1, Mylilut, Linn., including Modiola and 

 Lithodomui. 2, Anodon, including Iridina, Dipaas, &c. 3, Unio, 

 including Hyria and Cantalia. 4, Cardila. 5, Cypricardia, and the 

 Coralliophaga of M. De Blainville, Venericardia, and Crassatella 

 (Paphia, Roiss). 



Family of Chamaceanu. 1, Chama, Linn., including Tridacna 

 Hippopui, Chama (Brug.), Diceras, and hocardia. 



Family of Cardiaceans. 1, Cardium, includiug Hemicardium,. 2, 

 Donax, 3, Cyclas, including Cyrena, Cyprina, and Qalalhcea. 4, 

 Cvrbit, Cuv., J'imbria, Megerle. 5, Tettina. 6, Loripes. 7, Lucina. 



8, Ungulina. 9, FCTKM, including Astarte (Cranina, Lam.), Cytheraa, 

 Capia, and Petricola. 10, Corbula. 11, Mactra. 



Family of the Enfermds. 1, Afyo, including Lutraria, Anatina, 

 Solemya, Glycymerii, Panopea, and Pandora. 2, Byssomya. 3, Hiatdla. 

 4. &Mh including Sanguinolaria, Ptammobia, and Piammothea. 5, 

 Pholat. 6, Teredo. 1, Fittulana. 8, GastroclKena. 9, Teredina. 10, 

 C'latayella. 11, Asperyillum. 



; Order 2. Achephala without shells. 



1st Family (Simple). 1, Biphora, including Tlialia, Salpa, and 

 Dagysa. 2. Aicidia, including Cynthia, Phallusia, C'lavellina, and 

 Boltenia. 



2, Family (Aggregate). 1, JBotryllut. 2, Pyrosoma. 3, Polyclinum. 



Class V. BBACHIOPODA. 



1, Linyula. 2, Terebratula, including Spirifer and Tkecidea. S, 

 Ortricula, including Ditcina and Crania. 



Class VI. CIRBHOPODA. 

 (Lepas and Triton, Linn.) 



1, Anatifa, including Pentalasmis, Pollicipes, Cineras, Otion, and 

 Tetralasmw. 2, Balamn, including Acasta, Conia, Asema, Pyryoma, 

 Ochthosia, Creusia, Coronula, Tubicinella, and Diadema. 



Such is the method finally proposed by Cuvier ; and, while perusing 

 it, the reader should remember that he had the advantage of refer- 

 ence to almost every author of note who had written on the subject, 

 down to the year 1830. Not that this at all detracts from the excel- 

 lent use which he has made of the materials at his command, and the 

 grand philosophical views which he took of this intricate department 

 of zoology. 



We must now go back to 1798, when Lamarck began his publica- 

 tions on the MoUusca, by a paper in which he separated the great 

 genus Sepia into three genera ; and in 1799 he gave to the world his 

 ' Prodromus ' of a new classification of shells, wherein he established 

 several new genera. In this work he states his adhesion to the prin- 

 ciples and views of Bruguiere, whilst profiting by the observations of 

 Cuvier as to the organisation of the animals, but remarks that he has 

 been compelled to restrict still more the characters of the genera, and 

 consequently to augment their number. In 1801, when he published 

 his ' Animaux sans Vertebres,' he seems to have been convinced of 

 the justice of the views of Cuvier ; and no longer confining his atten- 

 tion to the shells, he followed very nearly the example of that great 

 zoologist, and rested his system upon the organisation of the soft 

 parts, as well as on the form of the shell of the animal. The first 

 vol. of the last edition, which received the corrections of Lamarck's 

 own hand, was published in 1815, and the last vol. in 1822. The 

 following is the arrangement left by him : 



Before we enter upon that part of the system which in strictness 

 belongs to the subject before us, it will be necessary to give a succinct 

 view of Lamarck's Annelids. This he divides into three orders : 



I. The Apod Annelids, containing the Hirudinidx, or Leeches, and 

 the Lumbricidce, or Worms (Echiurles). 



II. The Antennated Annelids, containing the Aphroditidte, the 

 Nerddidce, the Eunicididce, and the Amphinomidce. 



III. The Sedentary Annelids, containing the 2)orsalida, which 

 include Arenicola and Siliquaria; the Maldanidce, which include 

 Clymene and Dentalium ; the AmpMtritidce, which comprise Pectinaria, 

 Sabdlaria, Terebella, and Amphitrite; and the Serpulidas (SpirorTjis, 

 Serpwla, Vermilia, Qaleolaria, and Magilun). 



The Annelids immediately precede Lamarck's 



Class X. ClRRHIPEDES. 



Order 1. Sessile Cirrhipedes. 

 Section 1. With a quadrivalve operculum. 

 Genera : Tubicinella. Coronula. Ealanus. Acasta. 



Section 2. With a bivalve operculum. 

 Pyryoma. Creusia. 



Order 2. Pedunculated Cirrhipedes. 



Section 1. Body completely enveloped by its tunic; shell com- 

 posed of contiguous pieces, leaving a free issue to the animal when 

 they are opened. 



Anatifa. Pollicipei. 



Section 2. Body completely enveloped by its tunic, which never- 

 theless has an anterior opening; shell formed of separate pieces, 

 which have no need to open themselves for the issue of the arms of 

 the animal. 



Cineras. Otion. 



Class XL CONCHIFEBA. 

 Order 1. Conchifera Dimyaria. 



Two muscles of attachment at least; shell, internally, with two 

 muscular impressions, which are separate and lateral. 



(1) Shell regular, generally equivalve. 



(A) Shell gaping, in general, at the lateral extremities, its valves 

 being approximated. 



(*) Crassipede Conchifers. Mantle with its lobes united anteriorly, 

 either entirely or partially ; foot thick posterior : gape of the shell 

 always remarkable, often considerable. 



(1) Shell either contained in a tubular sheath, distinct from its 

 valves, or entirely or partially incrusted in the wall of the sheath, or 

 projecting externally. 



Family Tubieolidce. 

 Aspergillum. Vlavagella. Fistulana. Septaria, Teredina, Teredo, 



(2) Shell without a tubular sheath, 

 (a) Ligament external. 



(t) Shell either furnished with accessory pieces, foreign from its 

 valves, or gaping very much anteriorly. 



