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MALACOLOGY. 



MALACOLOGY. 



628 



Family SemiphyUididce. 



Branchiae placed under the border of the mantle, and disposed in 

 a longitudinal series on the right side of the body only. 

 Pleurobranchut. Umbrella. 



(c) Branchiae placed in a particular cavity upon the back, situated 

 anteriorly near the neck. Shell always external, and covering the 

 soft parts. 



, Family Calyptrmdoe. 



Parmophorui. Emarginula. Piisurdla. Pileopsis. Calyptraea. 

 Crepidula. Ancylut ( ? ). 



(d) Branchiae placed in a particular cavity towards the posterior 

 part of the back, and covered either by the mantle or by an opercular 

 escutcheon. 



(t) No tentacula. 



Family Bullidce. 

 Akera. BuCLaa. Sulla. 

 (ft) With tentacula. 



Family Zaplytidce. 

 Laplyiia. Dolabetta. 



Section 2. Pneumobranchiata. 



Branchke creeping, in the form of a vascular net-work, on the wall 

 of a particular cavity, the aperture of which is a hole which the 

 animal contracts or dilates at its pleasure. Animals of this section 

 breathe nothing but air. 



Family lAmacidce. 

 Onchidium. Parmacella. Lima*. Tettacella. Vitrina. 



Order 3. Trachelipoda. 



Body spiral in its posterior part, this part being separated from 

 the foot, and always enveloped in the shell. The foot free, flattened, 

 attached to the lower base of the neck, or to the anterior part of the 

 body, and serving for creeping. Shell spirivalve and sheathing 

 (engainaute). 



Section I. (Phytiphagous.) 



Trachelipods without a projecting siphon, and respiring in general 

 by means of a hole. The greater part phytiphagous and furnished 

 with jaws. Shell with the aperture entire, having at its base neither 

 dorsal sub-ascending notch nor canal. 



(*) Trachelipods respiring air only. Shell spirivalve, unarmed 

 (mutique), not distinctly nacreous. 



Family Colimacida (terrestrial). 



(a) Four tentacles. 



Helix. Carocolla. Anoiloma. I/elicina. Pupa. Clautilia. Bidimut. 

 Achatina. Succinea. 



(b) Two tentacles. 

 Auricula. Oyclotloma. 



Family Limnaidce. 



Amphibious. Living in the water, but coming to the surface to 

 breathe. Shell with a sharp edge to the lip. 



Planorbii. Phyta. Lymncea, or rather Limncea. 



(**) Trachelipoda breathing water only. Branchitn projecting in 

 form of filaments, lamina) or tufts in the branchial cavity. Shell often 

 nacreous, and often also having protuberant parts on the surface. 



(a) Shell fluviatile, operculated, the left border of which does not 

 resemble a demi-partition. 



(t) Shell with disunited borders. 



Family Melanida. 

 Mflania. Melarwptis. Pirena. 

 (tt) Shell with united borders. 



Family Pcrlitomida. 

 Valrnla. Paludina. Ampullaria. 



(b) Shell fluviatile or marine, whose left border or lip resembles a 

 demi-partition. 



Family Neritidce. 

 Navicella. Neritina (fluviatile). Nerita. tfatica (marine). 



(c) Shell marine, whose left lip does not resemble a demi-partition. 

 (t) Shell floating at the surface of the water. 



Family Janthinidce. 

 Janthina. 



(t+) Shell not floating, having the aperture very wide ; no cola 

 mells. 



Family Afacroitomidce. 



Sigaretut. Stomatella. Stomatia. Haliotii. 



(Kt) Aperture without any particular width ; plaits on the colu- 

 mella. 



Family Plicacida. 

 Tornatella. Pyramiddla. 

 (t-f-H) No plaita on the columella. 

 (a) Borders of the aperture united circularly. 



AT. HIT. DIV. VOL. III. 



Family Scalaridce. 

 Vermetits. Scalaria. Delphinula. 

 (b) Borders of the aperture disunited. 



Family Turbinida. 



Solarium. Rotella. Trockus. Monodonta, or rather Monodon. Turlo. 

 Planaxii. Phasianella. Tumtella. 



Section II. (Zoophagous.) . 



Trachelipods with a projecting siphon, and which only breathe the 

 water which arrives at the branchiie by means of this siphon. These 

 'eed on animal substances only, are marine, have no jaws, and are 

 'urnished with a retractile proboscis. 



Shell spirivalve, sheathing the soft parts, with an aperture which is 

 ither canaliculated, or notched, or turned up at its base. 



(a) Shell with a canal more or less long at the base of its aperture, 

 and the right border of whose lip does not change with age. 



Family Canalifendce. 



Section 1. No constant bourrelet on the right lip of the species. 

 Cerithium. Pleurotoma, Tnrbinella. Cartcellaria. Fasciolaria. 

 Fusus. Pyrula. 



Section 2. A constant bourrelet on the right lip in all the species. 



(0) No bourrelet on the spire. 



Struthiolaria. 



($) Bourrelets on the spire. 

 Ranella. Murex. Triton. 



(b) Shell with a canal more or less long at the base of ita aperture, 

 and the right border of whose lip changes its form with age, and has 

 a sinus inferiorly. 



Ptei-idce (Aile"es, or Wing-Shells). 

 Rostellaria. Pterocera, or rather Pteroceras. Strombus. 



(c) Shell with a short canal, ascending posteriorly, or with an 

 oblique notch at the base of its aperture, this demi-canal being 

 directed towards the back. 



Family Purpuridce (Purpuriferes). 



Section 1. An ascending canal, or recurved towards the back. 

 Caisidaria. Cassis. 



Section 2. An oblique notch directed backwards. 

 Ricinula. Pwpura. Monoceros. Concholepas. Harpa. Dolium. 

 Buccinum. Ebuma. Terebra. 



(d) No canal at the base of the aperture, but a subdorsal notch and 

 plaits on the columella. 



Family Columellidce (Columellaires). 

 Columella. Mitra. Valuta. Margindla. Volvaria. 



(e) Shell without a canal, but having the base of its aperture 

 notched or versant, and the whorls of the spire large, compressed, 

 and enrolled in such a manner that the last whorl nearly entirely 

 covers the others. 



Family Comi olutidce (Enrouldes). 



(hula, or rather Ov ulum. Cyprcea. Terebellum. Ancillaria. Oliva. 

 Conns. 



Order 4. Cephalopoda. 



Mantle in form of a sac, containing the lower part of the body. 

 Head projecting from the sac, surrounded by arms, which are not 

 articulated, but furnished with suckers (ventouses), and which environ 

 the mouth ; two sessile eyes ; two horny mandibles to the mouth ; 

 three hearts. Sexes separate. 



1st Division. Polythalamous Cephalopoda. 



Shell multilocular, enveloped completely or partially, and which is 

 inclosed in the posterior part of the auimal, often with adherence. 

 (*) Shell multilocular, with simple chambers. 



(1) Shell straight or nearly straight ; no spiral. 



Family Orthoceratidce. 

 Selemnites. Orthoceras. Nodosaria. Hippuritei. Conilites. 



(2) Shell partially spiral ; last whorl continued in a straight line. 



Family Lituolitidce. 

 Spirula. Spirolina. Lituola. 



(3) Shell semi-discoid ; spire eccentric. 



Family Cristacidce. 

 Renulina. Cristellaria. Orbicnlina. 



(4) Shell globulose, spheroidal, or oval, with enveloping whorls or 

 partitions united en tunique. 



Family Spherulidai. 



Miliola. Gyrogona. Melonia. 



(5) Shell discoid, with a central spire, and partitions radiating from 

 the centre to the circumference. 



Family Padiolididce. 

 Rotalia. Lenticulina. Placentula. 



(6) Shell discoid, with a central spire, and partitions which do not 

 extend from the centre to the circumference. 



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