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MALACOLOGY. 



MALACOLOGY. 



The fifth class, Saccophora (Tunieiers of Lamarck), consists of thre 

 orders Holobranchia, Tomobranchia, and JDiphyllobranchia. 



The sixth, Conchophora, consists of orders depending on the numbe 

 of muscular impressions, and denominated from the form of the foo 

 as Cladopoda, Leptopoda, Phyllopoda, Pogonopoda, and Micropoda. 



The seventh, Spirobrachiopkc-ra, corresponds with the Brachiopoda 



M. De Blainville, who in 1814 had published his first sketch of 

 methodical arrangement of the Malacozoa, as he designates th 

 animals on which we are treating, still further developed that methoc 

 in 1817 in his ' Prodromus' of a general classification of the anima 

 kingdom. The organ upon which that arrangement ia based is th 

 organ of respiration, and it was finally perfected in the method whic 

 appeared in his ' Manuel de Malacologie ' (1825). We here give an 

 outline of it. 



Type. MALACOZOA. 



Class I.Cephalopkora. 



Order 1. Cryptodibranchiata. 



Family 1. Octocera, containing the genus Octopus, which include 

 Eledme (Leach) and Ocythoe (Rafinesque). 



Family 2. Decacera, including the genus Loligo (Sepiala and Cranchia 

 Leach. Onychotmthis, Lichtenst., the Sagittated Calamaries, Ptero 

 (futhit, Sepioteut/iit), and the genera Sepia, Beloptera, 



Order 2. Odlulacea. 



Family 1. Spherulacea, consisting of the genus Miliola, including 

 Pollontes of De Montfort ; Melonia, including Borelis of De Montfort 

 Saracenaria ; and Textularia. 



Family 2. Planvlacta, comprising Rtnulina, including Frondicularia 

 of Defrance ; and Ptneroflu, including Planularia of Defrance. 



Family 3. Nummulacea, containing Nnmmulitei, including Lycophrw 

 of De Montf. ; Hdicitet, including Rotalitet and Egeon of De Montf. 

 Siderolita, including Tinopona and Siderolithea of De Montf. ; OrK 

 culina, including Hotel, Helmis, and Archaicu of the same; Placen- 

 Ma, including Eponides and Florilus of the same ; and Vorticialis, 

 including Themeon, Sporilut, and Andromedet of the same. 



Order 3. Polythalamacea. 



Family 1. Orthocerata. Genera a. (with simple chambers or parti- 

 tions), Beltmnites, including CaUirhoe, Hibolithes, Porodragus, Cetori*, 

 Acamat,Kn& Paclitet of De Montf.; Conularia ; Conilites, including 

 Achelois, Amimonus, and Thalamus of the same ; Orthocerai, including 

 Nodotaria (Lam.), Reophax, and Molosna of De Montf. ; b. (with 

 sinuous chambers), Bacidila, including Tiranitei of the same. 



Family 2. Lituacea. Genera o. (with simple chambers), Ichthyosar- 

 colithes ; Lituola i Spirula, including Hortoliu and Liiuites of De 

 Montf., and Spirolina of Lain. 6. (with sinuous chambers), Hamitet 

 and AmmonoceratUa. 



Family 3. Crutacea. Genera, CrepidiUina, including Astacolus, 

 Cancrii, and Periplet of De Montf. ; Oreo* ,- and Linthuris. 



Family 4. Ammonacea. Genera IHscorbitn ; Scaphitei; Ammonites; 

 and Simplegai, including Ammonilet, Planulites, and Amaltheut of De 

 Montf. 



Family 5. ffautilacea. Genera, Ortnlitet, including Aganides and 

 Pelagut of De Montf. ; Nautilus, uicluding A ngulithes, Oceanus, and 

 Sinphytei of the same ; Polystomella, including Geophonus, Pelorus, 

 Elphidium, Phonemus, Chrysolus, and Melonis of the same ; Lenticu- 

 lina, including Patroctes, Nonicm, Macrodites, Robulia, Lampas, Phara- 

 mum, Antenor, Clitiphontei, Rhinocurus, Herion, and Spincterules of the 

 same. 



Family 6. Turbinacea. Genera, Cibicidei; Sotalitet, including 

 Storiliu, CidaroUut, and Cortalus of De Montf. 



Family 7. Turriculacea. Genus, Turrilites. 



Class II. Paracephalophora. 

 Sub-Class I. Paracephalophora Dioica (Aquatic, but capable 



of living for some time out of water). 



Section 1. Organs of respiration, and shell non-symmetrical, and 

 almost constantly turned spirally from left to right. 



Order 1. Siphonobranchiata. 



Family 1. Siphonostomata (Murex, Linn.). Genera (no persistent 

 bourrelet on the right lip), Pleuroloma, including Clavatula, Lam. ; 

 RoileUaria, including Eippochrenes of De Montf.; Fusus, including 

 Lali.ru* of De Montf. ; Pyrula, including Pulgur of De Montf., and 

 JUelongena, and Rapana of Schum. ; Fasciolaria ; Turbinella, includ- 

 ing Polygmum of Schum. ; Triton, including Lotorium, Aquillus, and 

 Perttma of De Montf., and Struthiolaria of Lam. ; Kanella, including 

 Jlvffo and Apollon of De Montf. ; Murex, including Jirontee, diicoreus, 

 Typkii, ind Pho of the same. 



Family 2. Enlomottomata, (Buccinum, Linn.). Genera, a. (Turricu- 

 lated Entomostomes), Centhium, including Vertayws of Schum. ; 

 Triphora, or Trittoma, of Deshayes ; NMnt of Defrance, Potamida of 

 Brongniart, Pyraztu of De Montf., and Pirena of Lam.; Melanopia,- 

 Plamaxii ; Sulsula. b. (Turbinaceous Entomostomes, or those whose 

 spire is moderately elongated and rarely subturriculated), Terebra ; 

 Ebwrna ; uccinwm, iacluding Alectri/m and Cyclopi of De Montf., 

 and Naua of Lam. c. (Ainpullaceous Entomostomes, or those whose 

 hell ia ia general globulous), llarpa, ; Dolium, including Perdix of 



De Montf. ; Cassidaria, including Oniscia of Sowerby ; Case's ; Ricin-ula, 

 including Sistrum of De Montf.; Cancellaria ; Purpura, including 

 Monoccros of De Montf. d. (Patteloid Entomostomes, or those whose 

 shell ia in its totality very wide, very flat, with a spire but little 

 marked, and no columella), Concholepas. 



Family 3. Angyostmnata. Genera, a. (an operculum), Strombus, 

 including Pteroceras of Lam. ; Conus, including Rhombus, Cylinder, 

 Rottus, and Hermes of De Montf. b. (no operculum), TerebcUum, 

 including Seraphs of De Montf.; Oliva ; Ancillaria; Milra, including 

 Turns of De Montf. ; Imbricaria of Schum., and Concelix of Swain- 

 sou; Valuta, including Turbinellus of Oken and Cymbium of De 

 Montf. ; Marginella, including Volvaria of Lam. ; Peribolus ; Cypr&a ; 

 Omla, including Calpmnus, UUimiin, and Radius of De Moutf. 



Order 2. Asiphonobranchiata. 



Family 1. Qoniostomata (Trochus, Linn.). Genera, Solarium, includ- 

 ing Maclurites of Lesueur and EmmpTialus of Sowerby; Froclms, 

 including Infundibulum, Phorus, Calcar, Tectus, Telescopium, and 

 Cantharidus of De Moutf., and RoteUa of Lam. 



Family 2. Cricostomata (Turbo, Linn.). Genera, Turbo, including 

 Clanmlua and Meleagris of De Moutf.; Labio of Oken, Monodonta of 

 Lam., and Littorina of De FeVussac; Pleurotomarium ; Delphimda, 

 uicluding Trigonostoma, ; Turritella ; Proto; Scalaria, including 

 Aciona of Leach; Vermetus ; SUiquaria; Mayilus ; Valvata; Cyclos- 

 toma, includmg: Cydophorus of De Montf. ; and Paludma. 



Family 3. Ellipsostomata. Genera, Melania; JRissoa, including 

 Alvania of Risso; Phasianella ; Ampullaria, including Lanistes of 

 De Moutf. ; ffelicina, including A mpullina and Olygira of Say ; 

 Pleurocerus, including Oxytreme of Rafiuesque. 



Family 4. Hemicydostoma (Nerita, Linn.). Genera, Natica,, includ- 

 ing Polinices of De Montf. ; Nerita. a. (right lip dentated, Nerita, 

 Lam.), Peloronta of Oken ; and Clithon of De Montf. b. (right lip 

 not toothed), Neritina, Lam. ; Velates, De Montf. ; Pileolws, Sowerby ; 

 Septaria. 



Family 5. Oxystoma. Genus, Jantftina. 



Sub-Class II. Paracephalophora Moiwica. 

 Section I. Organs of Respiration, and Shell, where it exists, non- 

 symmetrical. 



Order 1. Pulmobranchiata. 



Family 1. Limnacea. Genera, Limncea, including Radix of De 

 Montfort and Omphiecola of Rafiuesque; Physa; Planorbis. 



Family 2. Awriculacea ( Valuta, pars, Linn.). Genera, Pedipes, 

 ncluding Tornatella and Conovulus, Lam. ; Auricula, including 

 Scarabus of De Moutf., Carychium of Mull., and Phytia of Gray; 

 Pyrimidella. 



Family 3. Limacinea (Helix, Linn., teiTestrial). a. (anterior border 

 of the mantle elevated into a roll -bourrelet and not a buckler ; a 

 shell). Genera, Succinea, including Amphibulimus, Lam. ; Bulimus, 

 ucluding Bulimulus, Leach; Achatina, including Ligims and Poly- 

 phemut of De Montf. ; Clausilia ; Pupa, including Chondrus of Cuvier, 

 j/ibbus of De Montf., Vertigo of Miill., and Partula of De Fdruss. ; 

 Tomogeree (Anostoma, Lam.) ; Helix, a. (circumference of the shell con- 

 stantly carinated or subcarinated at all ages, Carocolla, Lam.), including 

 'berus, Caracolus, Acavus, and Zonites of De Montf., and Helicella of 

 ./am. b. (anterior border of the mantle enlarged into a kind of buckler ; 

 ihell null or nearly membranous), Helicolimax, including Helicarion of 

 )e Fdruss. ; Teitacella ; Parmacella ; Umacella ; Limax, including 

 Arion of De Fdruss. ; Philomique and Eumcle of Rafin. ; Onchidium, 

 including Veronicella of De Blainv. 



Order 2. Chiamobranchiata. 



Genera, Coriocella, Sigaretui, Cryptostoma, Oxino'e, Stomatella, 

 Velutina. 



Order 3. Monopleurobranchiata. 



Family 1. Subaplysiacea. Genera, Berthella ; Plewdbranchus ; and 

 'leurobranchidium. 



Family 2. Aplysiacea. Genera, Aplysia, including A cteon of Oken; 

 Dolabella ; Bnnatella ; Nolarchus ; and Elysia. 



Family 3. Patelloidea. Genera, Umbrella (Acardo of Megerle) ; 

 iiphonaria; and Tylodina. 



Family 4. Akera. Genera, Bulla (including Aplustre of Schum., 

 ud A tys and Scaphander of De Montf. ; Bellerophus / BMcea ; 

 Lobaria; Sormetus; Gasteroptera ; and Atlas. 



Section II. 



Order 1. Aporobranchiata, 



Family 1. Thecosomata. Genera, Hyalcea ; Cleodora, including 

 r aginella of Daudiu and Styliola of Lesueur; Cymbulia, including 

 .rgivora of Lesueur ; and Pyrrjo, 



Family 2. Gymnosomata. Genera, Clio, including Cliodites, Quoy 

 nd Gaimard ; and Pneumoderma. 

 Family 3. Pailosomata. Genus, Phylliroe. 



Order 2. PolybrancMata. 



Family 1. Tetracerata. Genera, Qlaucus ; Xianiogerus ; Teryipes ; 

 ^avolina ; Eolida; Dermatobranclms ; and Placobranchus. 

 Family 2. JDicerata. Genera, Scylkca ; Tritonia; and Tethys. 



