HA 



belong to the agglutinate class. They are seldom or ever found with 

 a truly amalgamate inflection. 



The great district of the development of the native* which are 

 brought together under the above definition, is Africa. Perhaps there 

 is no quarter of the globe that present* a greater diversity of inhabit- 

 ant* than Africa, or race* of men who at first sight appear so evidently 

 distinct All previous ethnologist* have placed the Hottentot, the 

 Negro, and the Buihroan in a very different position to the Assyrian, 

 the Babylonian, the Mohammedan, and the Jew ; but in Dr. Latham's 

 classification we find these brought together under the common variety 

 Atlamiid,r. The analogy of language baa led to this conclusion ; and 

 the transition from the lowest to the highest of these races is so 

 gradual, that no investigation of their physical structure with which 

 we are at present acquainted, would be sufficient to break down the 

 affinity discovered in their languages. No part of Africa seems to 

 be inhabited by any races but those of the Atlantidaa. The Syro- 

 Arabian or Semitic nations, however, which are now classed amongst 

 the Atlantidc, are found occupying a considerable area in the south- 

 western part of Asia. The people of these races are far removed 

 from the Negro and the Hottentot, and present great symmetry of 

 form, and considerable cerebral development 



However small may have been the influence of the lower types of 

 this race on the world, there can be no doubt of the vast impression 

 produced by the Semitic nations. We may pass over the early 

 civilisation indicated by the Assyrian and Babylonian empires, and fix 

 attention on the religious history of the Jews. Here, amidst the 

 surrounding Paganism, we find the worship of the one true God 

 maintained by this small race amongst the Semitic nations; and 

 through them the religion of Christ, which is destined to react on all 

 the other races of mankind. It is also among these races that that 

 compound of Judaism and Christianity, Mohammedanism, has sprung 

 up ; and however inferior it may be to the Christian religion, there 

 can be little doubt of the beneficial influence it haa exerted on the 

 races who have embraced it 



The following is Dr. Latham's division of this group : 



A. Ktgro Atlantida. The negroes have a black, unctuous, and 

 soft (kin ; the hair woolly ; lips thick ; maxillary profile prognathic, 

 frontal profile retiring ; nasal depressed. They inhabit the low land?, 

 Ma-coasts, and the deltas and courses of rivers, chiefly the Senegal, 

 Gambia, Niger, and Upper Nile. They are nearly limited to the 

 tropic of Cancer. They are divided into Western Negroes, Central 

 Negroes, and Eastern Negroes. 



B. Kaffrt Atlantidtc. The language of the Kaffir supplies a 

 broad distinction between them and other African races. They are 

 prefixional and allitenttional. Their physical comformation is modified 

 negro. They occupy a district in Africa (east and west) from the 

 north of the equator to the south of the tropic of Capricorn. The 

 chief divisions are, 1, Western, 2, Southern, 3, Eastern. 



l/ottentot Allanlida." Th'e Hottentot stock," says Dr. Latham, 

 "has a better claim to be considered as forming a second species 

 of the genus Jlomo than any other section of mankind. It can 

 be shown however that the language is no more different from 

 those of the world in general than they are from each other." The 

 Hottentot* occupy the southern extremity of Africa. They are of 

 low stature ; limbs alight ; colour more brown or yellow than black ; 

 cherk-bone* prominent ; nasal profile depressed ; hair in tufts rather 

 than equally di.trit.uted over the head. They are divided into the 

 Hottentot* proper and the Saabs. The latter are found between the 

 Roggcveld and the middle portion of the Orange Hiver. 



D. \ilolic Allanlida. Tbe*e people have a modified negro con- 

 formation, and inhabit the water-system of the Upper and Middle 

 Nile. Their chief divisions are, 1, Dallas; 2, Agoua ; 3, Nubians; 

 4, Btahari. 



B. Amatirgh Atlmtula Atnarirgh is a term equivalent to Berber. 

 Theee people are found on the coa*U of the Mediterranean and the 

 whole north-western quarter of Africa, They present modifications 

 f both the negro and Arab type.. Their chief division* are. 1, the 

 Hiwah of the Oas of Siwah, the ancient Ammonium ; 2, Cabyles of 

 the ranee of Atlas ; J, Tuaricks of the Sahara ; 4, Guanches of the 

 Canary Ilands. 



.t-'ffplicM Allanlidrr. This section includes the ancient 

 Egyptians, the subject* of the Pharaoh* and the Ptolemies, and tho 

 modern Opt* a* far as they are of unmixed blood. They dwell in 

 the vallry and d. It* of the Nile, from Easonan to the Mediterranean 

 The physical conformation of the ancient Egyptians is gathered from 

 ir njummir*. The modern Copt* have the hair black aad cri.p or 

 eurled; the efaeek-bunea projecting; lip* thick; nose depressed 

 nottril* wide ; complexion from a yellowish to a dark-brown; eyes 

 oblique ; frame Ull aad flwhy. 



O. Stmitie A ttant tda. This section embraces tho most highly 

 4loped form, of the Atlantida. The Semitic races are found in 

 Ibysrinia. Arabia, Palertine, Syria, Mesopotamia, and parts of Kur- 

 disun. Tlwy *r* light-complexioned, and referrible to three types 

 the Arab, UK J.w, and the Kaldani. Their influence on the world 



M LV. 



ra 



ha* been pre-eminently moral, spiritually a* well as intellectually. 

 Their religions are pre-eminently monotheistic in the later part* of 

 their history. Their alphabet is the earliest in the world, and, with 

 the exception of the Ethiopia, is written from right to left The 

 chief divisions, which are more or leas artificial, are Syrians, Assyrians, 

 Babylonians, Phoenician*, Beui-Terah, Arabs, ^Ethiopians, Solymi 

 Cappadocians, Elamites, Cyprians, Philistine*, Canaauites. 



With the Beni-Terah (sons of Tenth), father of Abraham, are found 

 the Jews, who are remarkable amongst the nations of the earth for 

 their early intellectual culture, and for the moral and religious 

 influence their writing* have produced on the world. 



III. JAPETIDJK. This variety includes most of the nation* of modern 

 Europe. Physically, they present characters superior to the two 

 other varieties. Their face ia not flat, and is moderately broad. The 

 jaws project but little, the nose U often very prominent, and the 

 frontal profile U not unfrequently nearly vertical The skull is shaped 

 generally as the last variety ; the opening of the eyelids is straight, 

 and very rarely oblique ; tho skin is white, or brunette : the hair is 

 never woolly, varying much in colour, frequently very light; the eyes 

 are black, blue, or gray. 



The languages of the great European races are never aptotic. They 

 are mostly auaptotic, or having amalgamate inflections. In a few 

 instances they are agglutinate. 



Athough the Japetida form the principal part of the nations of 

 Europe, they do not exclusively occupy this district of the earth, nor 

 are they confined to it. We have before mentioned the Lapps and 

 Finns of Scandinavia, the Euskaldunes of the Basque Provinces, the 

 Magyars, and Turks. It appears not to be improbable that the former 

 were the original inhabitants of Europe, and are the remnant* of a 

 race driven away successively by the Celts and the Indo-Qermanic 

 races that now occupy this part of the world. As also we find 

 evidence of the origin of the Japclidrc in the east, so we find trace* 

 of their existence iu various parts of Asia : as in tho Persians, Kurds, 

 Beloochi, Affghans, Tajiks, and Siapoah. It is not improbable, also, 

 that the Armenians ought to be classed with the Japetida:. 



The influence of this variety of mankind on the history of the 

 world, has been much greater than that of the other two. If we arc 

 indebted to the Semitic races for the truth of Christianity, iU adop- 

 tion and propagation in a pure form has been mainly due to European 

 nations. JU became early identified with the civilisation of Greece 

 and Home ; and passing from the nations where it obtained ita early 

 triumphs, it has become, in later times, the religion of the great 

 Anglo-Saxon race, which on both sides of the Atlantic is increasing 

 with extraordinary rapidity. 



Dr. Latham divides the Japctidas into two divisions Occidental 

 and Indo-Uermanic. 



A. Occidental Japetida include the races called Celts or Kelts. 

 Ihe Keltic language* were separated from the common mother-tongue 

 subsequent to the evolution of the persona of verbs, but anterior to 

 the evolution of the cases of nouns. These languages are evidently 

 agglutinate. The present area of this race is Brittany, Wales, the 

 Highlands of Scotland, the Isle of Man, and Ireland. The original 

 area occupied by the Kelts, which have been constantly removed, is 

 the bcottish Lowlands, England, Gaul north of the Loire, and part of 

 Switzerland. It is probable also that they occupied parts of Buden, 

 Bavaria, and northern Italy. The Taurisci of the Tyrol, the Soordiaci 

 of lllvria, the Galatians of Asia Minor, the Celt-Iberians of Spain 

 and the Cimbri of Jutland are generally regarded as Kelts. They 

 have two types of complexion in the British Islands : the Silurian 

 type having eyes and hair black, complexion dark with a ruddy tinge, 

 anil chiefly found in South Wales; the Hibernian type with gray eyes, 

 yellowish, red, or sandy hair, and light complexion; they arc found in 

 Ireland. Dr. Latham gives the following aa their chief divisions : 



1. Kelt* of Gaul, falling into o. the proper Celtm; 6. the Belgte. 

 Both extinct or incorporate. 



2. British Kelt*, falling into o. the Cambrians; 6. the Picta 

 which are extinct or incorporate. 



v u a , el t ,"-, 8c ? t f, h QaeU; * IriA aaels ; c - Manxmen, or Gaelic 

 Kelt* of the Isle of Man. 



4. The Cisalpine Kelt* of northern Italy. 



6. The Ligurians, extending from the Etruscan to the Iberian 

 frontier. 



Their lino of population seem* to have been from Calais and 

 Dunkirk to England, from England to Scotland, and from Scotland to 

 In l.ni.l. 



B. Indo-Gemanic Japetida. The languages of this group were 

 separated from the common mother-tongue subsequent to tho 

 evolution of the cases of nouns. They are less evidently agglutinate 

 than the Keltic. This and the previous group are sometimes called 

 Indo-European, and thus embracing all the Japetidte. The Indo- 

 Germanic Japetida are divided into two classes: 



I. European Indo-Oermans. These are divided into 1. Gothic 

 2. Sarmatian; 3. Mediterranean. 

 1. The Goths embrace 



a. The Teutons, which arc again divided into 

 a. Mesngoths. 



