' 



KAI uuram 



MANGIF! 







It ocean ma*-nve at HarUhill ia the comily of Warwick, and tlio 

 pswodci-fl-ra-tel* U llfeld. 



Analysis according to Phillip* : 



Manganese 

 Oxygen . 

 Water . 



81 5 

 54 



-100 



It U a compound of 4 equivalent* of metal 112 + 7 equivalent* of 

 oxvgen 54 and 1 equiralent of water 9. 



Pynluiilt, BtHoxiJe of Manya*ete Occurs crystallised and massive, 

 Primary form a right rhombic priun. Cleavage parallel to the lateral 

 plane* and ahort diagonal ; indistinct Fracture uneven. Hardness 

 2-0 to 8*5. Colour blackish-gray and black. Streak black. Lustre 

 imperfect metallic. Opaque. Specific gravity 4-94. 



ilaiaive rarietim amorphous, reniforni, and botryoidal. Structure 

 granular, fibrous. 



It U the most abundant ore of manganese, occnring in large quantity 

 in Devonshire, Warwickshire, Thuringia, Iirit7.il, and mauy other 

 places. 



Dr. Turner's analysis gives very nearly 



Manganese 

 Oxygen 



Silica 



Water 



35-36 

 0-56 

 0-66 

 1-56 



-100 



It U a compound of 1 equivalent of metal 23 + 2 equivalents of oxygen 

 1 >; 44, and is the per- or bin-oxide. 



J/y<lrntf<l Bauaride of Manganese has long been known by the 

 name of Black Wad. It occurs of various shades of brown, and ia 

 massive, botryoidal, amorphous, and sometimes pulverulent. It is 

 frequently soft enough to soil the fingers. It occurs largely in Devon- 

 shire, and U also met with in Cornwall, the Harz, Piedmont, and 

 many other places. 



Analysis of a specimen from the Harz by Klaproth : 



Peroxide of Manganese ..... CS'O 



Oxide of Iron ....... 6'5 



Water ........ 17-5 



Silica and Barytas ...... 9-0 



Carbon ........ 1-0 



- 102 



Pri'.omtlane is an ore of manganese which contains a considerable 

 quantity of Uarytes. It occurs reniform, botryoidal, and stalactitic. 

 Structure granular, compact, and indistinctly fibrous. Fracture 

 conchoidal, even. Hardness 5'0 to ti'O. Colour dark-gray and grayish- 

 black. Streak brownish-black. Lustre imperfect metallic. Opaque. 

 Specific gravity 4-0 to 4*15. It occurs in Devonshire, Cornwall, in the 

 Harz, and moat manganese mines. 



Dr. Turner's analysis gives 



. 69-795 



. . 7-364 



. 16-365 



. . 6-216 



. . . 260 



Red Oxide of Manganese 

 i *j pa 



Barytes . 



Water .... 



Silica 



100 



Sulphur is alito found in combination with manganese. The com- 

 pound is called 



Kobellite, Manganese-Blende, A-c. It occurs crystallised and massive. 

 Primary form a cube. Cleavage parallel to its faces. Fracture uneven, 

 oooohoidaL Hardness 3*5 to 4'0. Colour brownish-black ; when fresh 

 fractured, steel-gray. Streak dark-green. Lustre imperfect metallic. 

 Opaque. Specific gravity 4*014. 



Fuses with difficulty, and only the edges with the blow-pipe ; gives 

 sulphuretted hydrogen when dissolved in an acid. It is found at 

 Nagysg in Transylvania, and in Mexico. 



Analysis by Arfwedson : 



Manganese 620 



Sulphur 37-6 



996 



Manganese occurs also in combination with some metals and oxides. 



Arsrnturet of Manganese Occurs massive. Fracture in one direc- 

 tion granular and shining, in the other dull. Structure foliated. Hard. 

 Brittle. Specific gravity 5*56. Found in Saxony. Colour whitixh- 

 gray. Blackens by exposure to the air. 



Dr. Kane found it to consist of 



Arsenic, with a trace of Iron 



45-5 

 51-8 



-97-3 



jtaityaxett Occurs massive, reniform, and botryoidnl. 

 Structure compact. Fracture imperfect conchoidal. Hardness about 

 1"5. Colour bluiah-black. Streak the same. Lustra resinou>. Opaque. 

 Specific gravity about 8*2. Occurs in Bohemia ami Chili. 



Analysis by K.rston :- 



Oxide of Manganese 



"xiile of Copper 



Water 



Sulphate of Lime 



.silica . 



74-10 



4-80 



20-10 



1 M.-, 



0-30 



LOO-Sf 



Carbonic acid and silica also occur in combination with oxide of 

 manganese, and the latter also with oxide of manganese and iron. 



Carbonate of Manganae : Kolilerile Occurs crystallised and mas- 

 sive. Primary form a rhomboid. Cleavage parallel to the primary 

 planes. Fracture uneven, couchoidaL Hardness 3-5. Colour rose- 

 red, brownish. Streak white. Translucent. Lustre vitreous, pearly. 

 Specific gravity 3-3 to 3-6. Massive varieties globular, botryoidal. 

 Structure compact, fibrous, granular. Colour yellowish-white. 

 Opaque. It is found at Hartshill in Warwickshire, Nagysg, Frey- 

 berg, Ac. 



Analysis of the carbonate from Nagyag by Berthicr : 



Carbonic Acid 38-6 



Protoxide of Mangnneso . . ... 56*0 



Lime 5-4 



100 



Silicate of Manganese Occurs crystallised aud massive. Primary 

 form an oblique rhombic prism. Cleavage parallel to the lateral faces 

 of the primary crystal Fracture uneven and conchoidal. Scratches 

 glass. Colour rose-red. Translucent on the edges. Lustre between 

 pearly and resinous. Specific gravity 3*538 to 3*685. It occurs in 

 Sweden, the Harz, Devonshire, Cornwall, tic. 



Analysis by Berzelius : 



Silica 48-00 



Oxide of Manganese . . . . . 49*04 

 Lime and Magnesia ..... ;! ". I 



100-38 



Leonhard has described some silicates of maugaucse under the names 

 of AUayile, Photizite, Rhodonite, &c., which contain admixtures of 

 various other substances. 



Silicate of Manganese and Iron : Knclidite. The locality of this is 

 not known. It occurs massive. Externally cellular and uneven. 

 Fracture imperfect conchoidal. Lustre glistening. Colour gray, 

 spotted dirty-white, red, browu, and green. It is opaque, hard, and 

 brittle. Specific gravity 3'714. 

 Analysis by Dobereiner : 



Silica 32-5 



Protoxide of Manganese ..... 35'0 



Protoxide of Iron 3li -0 



99-5 



Harceline (Anhydrous Silicate of Dettioxidc uf Manganese) Occurs 

 crystallised in octahedrons with a square base. Colour grayish -block. 

 Lustre slightly metallic or vitreous. It is found at St. Mar 

 Piedmont. Analysis by Berzelius : 



Silica 15-17 



Oxide of Manganese 76-80 



Oxide of Iron 4-14 



Alumina 2'80 



97-91 



The analysis by Berthitr gives considerably more silica and lefts 

 oxide of manganese. 



Ifelerodine is a cilicatc of manganese belonging to this group. 

 Phosphate of Manganese and /ran ; f'llmannite Occurs massive. 

 Fracture conchoidal. Hardness 6*0 to 5*5. Colour reddish-brown, or 

 blackish. Lustre resinous. Opaque. Specific gravity 8*439 to' 3 '7 75. 

 Occurs at Limoges in France. 

 Analysis by Berzelius : 



Phosphoric Acid 32 8 



Oxide of Manganese 82*0 



Oxide of Iron 81 -9 



Phosphate of Lime 3-2 



100-fl 



Two other varieties have been described under the name of 

 ffetepolile and Ifuraulite. 

 MANGEL-WURZEL. [BETA.] 



MANGI'FEKA, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Anacai-diaccic. Three or four species of this genus arc enumerated 

 as M.fcetida of Lourciro, a native of Cochin China and the Moluccas; 

 M. laxijlora, indigenous in Mauritius ; and M. sylratica, of Roxburgh, 

 a native of the hilly districts bordering on Silhet, where it grows to a 

 great size, and ia called Lukshmee-Am. It bears a fruit which ripens 

 in February and March, and is eaten by the natives, though not no 

 palatable as even a bad mango. It is also dried and kept by them for 

 medicinal purposes. M. oppositifolia, Roxburgh, a native of Rangoon, 

 is proposed by Messrs. Wight and Arnott to be formed into a distinct 

 genus. 



M. Indira, the Mango-Tree, is alone of any consequence, and thi* as 

 forming one of the most grateful fruits of the tropical parts of Asia ; 

 it extends also as far north as 30, and bos been successfully intro- 



