; 



NARDUS. 



NASALIS. 



ff. ttrida, the MatrGnas, u a British species. It hu the (tern and 

 leaves erect, slender, rigid ; it U 5 to 8 inches in height ; the spike U 

 oloaa ; the outer pale boa a ahort rough coriaceous often purplish awn, 

 the inner pale u membranous. It U a native of moors and heaths. 



(Babington, ilatutal of BritiA Botany.) 



NAKDUS U also a name given to the plant supposed to yield 

 Spikenard. [SPIKENARD.] 



NABTUE'CIUM, a genus of Plants belonging to tho natural order 

 Jtuteaettz. The periauth is partly coloured, of 6 linear-lanceolate 

 penisUnt leaves. Tho filaments are woolly, and the style undivided. 

 it ha* a simple obtuse stigma. The capsules pyramidal, S-celled and 

 3-valved. The placenta extends only a short distance up the inner 

 edge of the dissepiment. The needs have a long filiform appendage 

 .it , . !i :.'.. 



iV. ott\frag*m, the only British species, has linear sword-shaped 

 leave*, pedicels with one bract at the base, and another above their 

 mid.lle. The perianth longer than the stamens, and considerably 

 shorter than the capsules. The flowers are bright-yellow. This species 

 is distinguished especially by its seeds. It is found in turfy bogs. 



(Babington, Manual of Brititk Botany.) 



NARWHAL. [CETACKA.] 



NASA'LIS (Geoffrey), a remarkable genus of Monkeys established 

 on the ' Quenon a long Noz ' of Button, the Proboscis-Monkey of Shaw, 

 Simia Acutca of Schreber, Natalit larvattu of Geoffrey, the Kahau. 



The enormous development of the nose in the Kahau is not dependent 

 on bone. The nasal bones are no more elevated than they are in the 

 rest of tho Simiadit, as will be perceived from the following cut of 

 the okull of a Proboscis-Monkey in the Museum of the Zoological 

 Society of London. 



Skull of Kahau (Simla natalit). 



The figure given below was reduced from the drawing of a female, 

 when newly taken from the cask of spirit in which the body was 

 preserved : the specimen came from Borneo, and is now to be seen, 

 but with the nose deteriorated by drying, in the Museum of that 

 Society. It is said that the animal has the power of diluting this 

 organ to an enormous size by inflation. 



faoe of Kahau (female). 



Audebert givst the following view of the nose, ai seen from beneath. 

 \ 



MOM of Kahau, iccn from beneath. 



The following account of this Monkey is given by Mr. Martin. 



" The genus A'aialit, of which the ' Gueuon ii long Nex ' of Buffuii 

 ('Suppl., vii.) or Proboscis-Monkey of Shaw, is tho type, was founded 

 by Geoffroy St Hilaire in his ' Tableau dos Quadrumanes,' published 

 in the ' Annales du Museum d'HUtoire Naturelle' for 1812. In this 

 outline of the Simiada the genera Stmnopithecut and Cercofillieou 

 are blended together under the latter title ; but from this group are 

 excluded two Monkeys, the Douc, constituting the type of the genus 

 PygaJhrix (Latiopyga 111.) and the ' Gugnon h long Nez.' With respect 

 to tho genus Pygathrix or Latiopyga, founded upon the alleged want 

 of callosities, moat naturalists, I believe (aware of the error committed 

 both by Geoffrey and Illiger, in describing from an imperfect skin), 

 have regarded it as merging into the genus SrinnopMccut, at least 

 provisionally, until the internal anatomy of its assumed representative 

 be known. 



" The characters of the genus ffatalit, formed for the reception of 

 the ' Guenon h long Nex ' (Siutia Natica, Schreb. ; Ctrcopit/uxm larvatiu, 

 Wurmb), are laid down a follows : 



'"Muzzle short, forehead projecting, but little elevated ; facial 

 angle 50 ; nose prominent, and extremely elongated ; ears small and 

 round. Body stout Cheek-Pouches. Anterior hands, with four long 

 fingers and a short thumb, ending where the index-finger begins; 

 posterior hands very large, with fingers stout, especially the thumb. 

 Callosities large. Tail longer than the body.' 



"At a subsequent period however, in his 'Cours de 1'Histoirc 

 Naturelle, 1 published in 1828, Geoffrey, adopting the genus Semnopi- 

 thecvt, established by F. Ouvier, places the ' Guenon & long Nez ' 

 within its limits, doubtfully, it is true, and with the acknowledgment 

 that his genus Natalit has not been generally adopted, but at the 

 same time with a bias in its favour ; for, observing that the manners 

 of these Monkeys are those of the Semnopilheci, he adds, ' Cependant, 

 il ne nous parait encore de'montre' que le singe nasique soit uue vri it- 

 able semnopitheque, et il est fort possible quo lorsque I'espfcce sera 

 moina imparfaitement conuue, on soit oblige! de rotablir le genre 

 Najalii, dans lequel on 1'isolait autrefois, mais qui n'est pas <!t<! admis 

 par la phi part des auteurs mod ernes.' 



" Setting aside the singular conformation of the nose, so remarkable 

 in the Simia natalit, its external characters are not different from 

 those of the Stmnopitheci in general ; and it is to be observed that in 

 a second species, lately added by Mr. Vigors and Dr. Horsfield, under 

 the title of Natalit recurvut, the proportions of this part of the face 

 are much diminished, and its form also modified. This species (which 

 though doubted by some as being distinct, is, we believe, truly so) 

 takes an intermediate station between the HHmia natalit and the 

 ordinary Semnopitheci with flat noses, thereby showing that the trans- 

 ition in this particular character is not abrupt ; even were it so, "an 

 isolated point of this nature does not form a philosophical basis upon 

 which to ground a generic distinction. 



" So far I have alluded to external characters only ; it remains for 

 mo to give some acaount of the anatomical characters of this singular 

 Monkey, of which, as far as I can learn, modern naturalists do not 

 appear to be aware. 



"It would seem that M. Otto, who described the saooulated form 

 of the stomach in one of the Monkeys of the genus Scmnopithectu, it 

 not the first observer of this peculiarity, for I find that Wurmb, in 

 the ' Memoirs of the Society of Batavia,' notices this point in the 

 anatomy of an individual of the Simia natalit. After giving some 

 interesting details respecting the habits and manners of the species, 

 he proceeds as follows : ' The brain resembles that of man ; the lungs 

 are of a snow-white colour ; the heart is covered with fat, and this is 

 the only part in which fat is found. The stomach is extraordinarily 

 large, and of an irregular form ; and there is beneath the skin a sac 

 which extends from the lower jaw to the clavicles.' Audebert (with 

 whose work, 'Histoire des Singes,' Geoffroy St. Hilaire was well 

 acquainted) refers to this account of Wurmb ; yet Geoffroy does not, 

 as far as I can find, advert to these points, unless indeed his state- 

 ment of the presence of cheek-pouches be founded on the observation 

 of a sac extending from the lower jaw to the clavicles ; and if so, he 

 has made a singular mistake, for the sac in question is laryngeal, and 

 the words as they stand cannot be supposed to mean anything else. I 

 know of no Monkey whose cheek-pouches extend beneath the skin to 

 tho clavicles ; but the laryngeal sacs in the Urang and Gibbons, and 

 also in the Semnopitheci themselves, are remarkable for development. 

 It is evident however, from the silence of M. Geoffroy St. Hilaire 

 respecting the laryngeal sacculus in the Proboscis-Monkey, that he 

 was not aware of the real character of the structure to which Wurmb 

 had alluded. With respect to the structure of tho stomach, neither 

 Wurmb nor M. Otto drew any general inferences from it; they 

 described it as it presented itself in single species, and regarded it in 

 an isolated point of view; it is, if I mistake not, to Mr. Owen that 

 we owe its reception as an anatomical character extant throughout the 

 Semnopitheci. (' Transactions of the Zoological Society.') 



" The statement of Wurmb respecting tho stomach and laryngeal 

 apparatus of tho Proboscis-Monkey I have lately been enabled to 

 confirm. 



" In every exsential point the stomach is the same as in all tho 

 Scmnopilhtci hitherto examined : it consists of a large cardiac pouch, 

 with a strong muscular band running as it were around it so as to 



