NIOELLA. 



to UM faMTa! rule; and UM Newfoundland 

 ' to be w raierousasheU 



NICKEL, TW* BMtal was fint dvtoribed by Croo.te.lt in KM. 

 UM BMtal may be obtained in state of purity by 

 M Roast UM native sulphur.! of nickel to expel 

 r~*id oxidise UM nwtal ; dteolve UM reaidue In a mixture 

 f few parte of sulphuric acid and OM part of nitric acid moderately 

 <Bm wnh water. Kvmporate UM cUar solution till crystals are 

 '. which are ulphatoof nickel, of a M nonldn*n colour ; 

 4v. UM**, and separate aay copper they may contain by a plate 

 of in*, and add nceas of ammooia, which diolve* the oxide of 



To the 



fakat and My olid* of cobalt that may be mixed with it 

 sear eolation add p ninth duaolrad in water, which throw* down 

 hydro*, of nickel of a grew colour, and thU, after washing and 

 drymc. I* to be mixed with black lux, and reduced into the metallic 

 tat* by a Krone beat in a wind-furnac*. 



Xkk*J baa UM followinf propertM* : It is of a white colour with a 

 lint Iu Inatr* I* oonoiderable. and it is both malleable and 

 Like iron, it is attracted by UM magnet, and may, like it, be 

 agatlle at common temperature*, but it loa-s thi. power 

 tod to SO' Fhrvoh it The speciAc gravity of fused nickel 

 I* about S-J8, and by hammering it i* increased to almost 90. It U 

 aarly a* bard a. iron. 



Kick*! jsilfcii little or no change by expoaure to air and moiatura 

 Itimmnn >*i|inlini. It U my difficult of fusion, but melts at 

 a lover tomptrainre than iron ; at a red beat it absorbs oxygen 



mduolly froco UM air, and also decomposes water at this temperature. 

 Xfcrk acid U UM only acid which readily aoU upon nickel Nickel 

 fa stiprio iron and aerolite*. [AMOura.] 



Tfce aasa of nickel are rery limited, and until within a few yean it 



wa* aomrealy employed at all ; but it is now very usefully employed, 

 and, to a fioaaidsrsbls extent, in forming an alloy with copper and 

 one, known by UM name of German silver. It* oxide* impart a 

 (KMB oolow to fioM and porcelain. 

 The orw of nickel an a* follows : 



and I* 



/ JVicM; CumUluj A'idbsL This occur* in regular 

 capillary crystala. Primary form a rhomboid. Colour 

 or grayish ; lustre metallic. Hardneas, scratches mica, 

 cUd by felspar. Opaque ; brittle. It is soluble in nitric 

 Mad. and btfora UM blow.pipt, when strongly heated, give* a malleable 

 d .talllu button. It oocon in WaU*. Cornwall, Saxony, Ac. The 

 MW-fa* I* an analyais by Arfwedm :- 



*l^>' 84-M 



leW 84-85 



98<1 



a* / .VirfW, Otfftr XiML H. occur, crystalised, bo- 

 J"lfa*". ""d amorphous. Primary form a right rhombio 



. fibrous. Fracture uneven," conchoidol, 

 * 6 to 54. Colour yellowish and grsyish-red. 

 Opaque. Specific gravity 7<55. Refon the blow- 

 ftp* on charcoal it .mite an alliaceous Knell, and melta, It U found 

 U Cornwall. Saxony. Bohemia, tc., and also in South America. The 



. 48-90 



. 034 

 . 056 

 . 0-80 



97-02 



KiduL-H occurs 

 Ewily fran- 

 It is 



' . 

 Annk 



' 



WWW 



was mixed with some 



. S9 

 . . 43-4 



0-9 

 4-1 



>ive, and investing othe r 



% liSfg*; ~\!^M^^!!A 





Artniate e/ MdUl It occur* powdery on the surface of aneniuret 

 of nickel, and maaaira. Colour greenish-white and green. Opaquo. 

 It U found in Alleinont, Hease, 4c, Analysi. by Stromeyer : 

 Arsenic Add .... . 30-97 



Oxide of Nickel ...... 87-35 



Water ........ 24-32 



- 98-64 



XICOTIANA, a genus of Plant* belonging to the natural order 

 Sotanaeea. The speciei of this genus are colled Tobacco. Tobacco 

 was the name used by the Caribbee* for the pipe in which they smoked 

 it, but this word waa transferred by the Spaniard* to the herb iUelf. 

 The genus Xicoiitum contains about 40 species, most of them yielding 

 tobacco for smoking, and many of them cultivated in the gardens of 

 Europe. The name AYcof iana was given these plants after Jean Nicot, 

 of Nlmes, in Languedoc, who was an agent of the king of France at 

 Portugal, and there procured the seeds of the tobacco from a Dutch- 

 man who had procured them iu Florida. Nicot sent them to France 

 in 1560. 



The species of fficeliana are most of them herbs, rarely under- 

 shrubs, and generally clothed with clammy haira or down. The 

 flowers are terminal, racemose, or panicled, and of a white, green, pr 

 purplish colour. The calyx is 5-cleft, permanent ; corolla funnel- or 

 salver-shaped, divisions 5, plicate and spreading ; stamens 5, as long as 

 the tube of the corolla ; anthers dehiscing lengthwise ; stigma capi- 

 tate; capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, valves bipartite; seeds minute, 

 numerous. 



N. Tabacum, Common Virginian or Sweet-Scented Tobacco, is an 

 herbaceous plant, with acuminated oblong-lanceolate sessile* leaves, 

 lower one* decurrent; throat of corolla inflated, segments of the limb 

 pointed. This plant is a native of the West Indies, where it first 

 became known to the Spaniards, and of Virginia, where the English 

 first became acquainted with its properties. Of the various species 

 it is that which is most commonly cultivated in gardens aiTan orna- 

 ment It is also largely cultivated in Europe for the purpose of 

 smoking. The other species are however in some cases preferred. 

 Sch nnk bos described a large number of varieties of the common 

 tobacco, varying in the size and form of their leaves, as well as the 

 colour and form of their corollas. This species is the one most com- 

 monly employed for making tobacco and cigars. [TOBACCO, iu Ann 



AMI SC. 1)1 V.] 



ff. maerophylla, Orinoco Tobacco, is an herbaceous plant, with ovate- 

 acute leaves clasping the stem ; throat of corolla inflated, segments 

 short, pointed. It is a larger plant than the lost, the stem rising from 

 5 to 7 feet high. It is a native of America, and is frequently used 

 for smoking, under the name of Orinoco Tobacco ; it is however 

 inferior to the last ; the milder Havannah cigars are said to be made 

 from it. 



N. nutica, English Tobacco, ha* an herbaceous square stem, with 

 petiolate ovate quite entire leaves ; tube of corolla cylindrical, longer 

 than the calyx ; segments of the limbs roundish, obtuse. This plant 

 is a native of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. It is called English 

 Tobacco because it was the first species that was introduced into this 

 country for growth ; it was then brought from America. It grows 

 very well in this climate, and iu some places is almost naturalised. It is 

 known in France as Tabac Pausse, in Germany as Bauern-Tabak, and 

 iu Spain as Tbaco Cimaroao. This plant grows on the coast of the 

 Mediterranean, and thence find* it* way into India, where it is highly 

 valued. The tobaocoe* of Salonica and Latakkia, which are much 

 esteemed, appear to be the produce of N. ruiiica. From the exten- 

 sive range of climate and diflerence of situation which this plant 

 occupies, it* character* *ufler considerable change ; hence a number 

 of varitie* have been described. In the shops this tobacco is known 

 as Turkish. 



N. Pertiea, Shiru Tobacco, i* an herbaceous plant, clothed with 

 clammy down, with the leaves of the root oblong, those of the stem 

 acuminate and sessile; corolla salvor-shaped, with a long tube, and 

 rather unequal segment*. This plant is a native of Persia, and 

 furnishes the famous Shirax Tobacco. Thi* tobacco is milder than 

 that produced by the N. Tabacum, and but a small quantity is con- 

 mated in this country. The English smoke more of the strongest 

 tobacco than any nation in the world. 



There are several other species of tobacco which are used for 

 amoktag in the places where they naturally grow. ff. quadrival has 

 capsules with four valves ; it grows near the Missouri River, and is there 

 smoked I by the native*. N.muUitalvit ha. capsules with many valves; 

 it u cultivated by the Indians on the Columbia River for smoking 

 It is a fetid plant, and the calyx, the most fetid part, is selected by 

 the _ Indian* for .moking. N. nano, a small species of tobacco, is a 

 native among the Rocky Mountains of North America, and is smoked 

 by the Indian*. .V. repanda is a native of Cuba, and is said to furnish 



vir??^ 1 J?, r makin 8 thc "n* 11 >gars known as Queen's. 



ULARIACB4L a sub-order of Plants belonging to the order 

 the alliance fungal*, and the class TM 



iLLA (from i,r, block, beoa,e of the colour of the seeds), 



JTs Jf SftJjlft!!!?* ^ th naturnl Her Kmunnlacta!. It 

 ba. 6 coloured petal-like spreading epal*. The petal, small, from 



