OCTOPODA. 



IMT* 



to a 



m* tJ of 



of our 



oono*rnlnt UM real nature of UM 



__!*_> --1 * 1 eattlV > tVtB* 



BOOT wTW*Ww ooQBMiiwuagB, wi**i u, ma* 

 refer it to the endogecMxu type. The 

 of greatWuty. either the 

 ia*. The White Water Lily 

 . .1 . . 



rivm and pood* are among UM' finest epeeimen* of floral 

 m theae latitude*; in other countries both their sUe 

 brilliant Unto of blue and crimson being 



!** older are 

 or MM 



Med to UM pun white of oar native *peci, and the mart ddiakm 

 odaar betoc !> emitted. In Demerara grow* the iVrforia repia, 

 wbeee iower* b*n diameter of IS inch**, while the leave* re u 



I M | bet laraM. [VtcroWA.] I u the Eaet Indie* UM KuryaU 

 UM Victoria in the sue of the learn, bat iU flowen 

 are email and leimneyaminne [Err AUL) IB both tbeee pUnU the 

 farmaoroej* MA* are a*ed far food. Bartiaya u another genus belong- 

 ing to this order. The fin genera oooUin about 50 ipecu*. 

 Jf 



KTBOCA. . 

 XTSSO'KID.K. a family of 



a baity of Hymeoopteroo* Ineect* belonging to the 

 Thi* family u thiu ohanoteriMd by Latreille : 



ntirely or for the mort part hidden; the maxillw and 



do not form a proboeci*; mandible* without any internal 

 heed moderately Urge ; abdomen either conical or somewhat 

 " with abort peduncle ; antenna; filiform, with tbe fint joint 



which distinguishes this family from it* 

 i i* the ibeeooe of a notch on the inner aide of the mandibles. 

 It ajolaiaa UM following genera .Aitata, .VyWM, Otyk/w, AVc/a, 

 and /*!*. 



la UM first of UUM genera. Attain of Latreille, the eye* are large 

 and of an oral form, converging at the vertex, and in the male *ex 

 I it lut; UM mandible* are bifid at the apex ; the anterior pair of 

 wings hare ooe narrow, abort, and appeodiculatod marginal cell, and 

 three eubmargiital cells, of which the fint i* narrow, longitudinal, 

 divided obliquely Bear the middle by an obsolete nervure that run* 

 fro* UM haw of UM elicma to UM middle of the fint tramreno-cubiul ; 

 UM arcond ubmarginJ otU i* triangular, and receive* both the recur- 



; the third i* very ditaut from the apex of the wing; 

 UM leg* are moderately long and very ipinou* in the female. 



Attaia Boopi (Sohrank) i* about half an inch in length ; the head, 

 thorax, and leg* are black, and the body U red, with a black tip and 

 a *ma!l pot of black at the ba*e. This ipeeie* i* found in various 

 part* of England and on the Continent, but appear* to bo local. The 

 female build* her neat in the ground, and i* aaid to aelect the burrow 

 formed by come other inaect for the purpose. Mr. Shuckard, in his 

 excellent work on the ' British Foeaorial Hymenoptera,' state* that the 

 male* are much more abundant than the female* ; and whenever he 

 uooeeded in capturing the latter with its prey, he always found it to 

 consist of the laryic of Prntatoma bidau. Mr. Curtis has captured 

 specimen!) laden with the lorvtc of Ptniatoma pratina, and a little bee 

 (Kptaiiu rariegattu) it preyed upon by the AsUita to feed her larveo. 



In the genus Nyuon (Latreille) ths anterior wing has three sub- 

 marginal oeUs ; the second cell receives both recurrent nervures, and 

 is petiolated ; the first submarginal cell is considerably longer than the 

 two others ; the mandibles are terminated by a simple point ; the eyes 

 are oval and prominent Five specie* of this genus are recorded as 



The genus (byleltu (Latreille) U distinguished by the eye being 

 oval and slightly prominent ; the anteunu abort and arcuated ; the 

 anterior pair of wing* have a narrow marginal cell ulightly nppendi- 

 culated, and one submarginal cell, which receives a single recurrent 

 nervure ; abdomen short. Eight species of this genus are described in 

 Mr. Shuckard's work. The most common is the 0. ttniylumit, an 

 insect about a quarter of an inch in length ; black, with a row of white 

 pot* on each side of the abdomen, and with the tibia; and tarsi red. 

 It preys upon flies, which it carries by its hind legs to deposit in the 

 burrow in which the young are reared. 



The genus Nitda (Latreille) differs from the hut in having the 

 antenna: longer and nearly straight, and with the second anil third 

 joinU of equal length. Like Oj-yMiu, it has but one submarginal 

 cell ; the mandibles are bifid at the apex ; then are no protuberances 

 on the thorax, nor spines on the legs. 



In the genus Piton (Spinola) the eyes are emarginated ; there are 

 three submargiual cells to the anterior pair of wings ; the second cell 

 is very small, petiolated, and receives two recurrent ncrvure*. 







AAK. [QcocWLj 



- HKAIJTV. [BuTOB.] 



OBBIDIAN (called by the Romans Obsidunus Lapis; by the 

 Oriika. 'O+MT*! AJfrt), a Mineral, probably of volcanic origin, and so 



. tt . %- * i w ... A ^ 



Harndew 



to 7-0. Scratches 



pad FhMtan Ian*. onohoMal. Har . 



(lam Brittle. Colour greenMh,grayiib, or brownish black. Lustre 

 Opaque, Traoalucent on the edge*. Specific gravity 2-34 



OUidiaa ia UM form of littl. grmin* of the idM of pea., and of a 

 arly white colour, aod nntieJUlng of very thin concentric layer*, has 

 faead at JUrakaB to UM QuU of lUmtchatka. ThU variety hs* 



and eometinM* whole statues were made of 



OU 

 pearly 

 Ueej 



*aj* that rent, 



: be also .p*ks of four elephant, of obsidian which were 

 by AognsUu in UM Temple of Concord. Statue* were also 



trie of to by UM EgypUMia, 



IWor. UM blow-ptp*. it ewell* up 

 fMtiam U ocean to veins ana 



strongly, and fuee* into a trans- 

 bed. traversing rock*, in many 

 America, and i UM neigbbourhood of 



of Obeidian diner ootuiderably : 

 lUrekaoite. and of Obaidian from Cerro de 



98-0 



order of PUnte nearly allied to 

 They arc shrubs, mhabittog UM 



| tropic* of either hemisphere, with shining evergreen leaves, showy 



yellow flowers, with S or 10 stamens, whose anthers open by pore* at 



the point They appear to be possessed of tonic and astringent quail- 



I ties. The order contains 6 genera and 82 species. It is related to 



1 Souutft, Gtrtuuacto!, Simurabacar, and Xanthoxylaeecc. 



OCHRA, or OKRO, a Plant of which the fruit is used as a vegetable 

 in the West Indies, the United State*, and in South America, and 

 which is remarkable for the similarity of its name to the vegetable 

 culled Ochra by the Greeks, but which has not been ascertained by 

 botanUt*. The name* by which the produce of the New World i"< 

 distinguished in the works of Marcgrave and Piso are Quingombo 

 and ijuigouibo, and in the later works by that of Oombo, and 

 (Jombaut, or Oombeau. It ia possible therefore that a classical name, 

 which was not otherwise engaged, may have been applied to a new 

 vegetable, and, as has been the case in many instances, without any 

 attempt being made to identify the plant named with that which had 

 been described by classical authors. This plant is the ffibitcut 

 acttlrnttu of authors. [Himscrs ] 



urilRK, Hydrated Seequioxido of Iron. fInoN.1 



O'CREA. fariroLB*.] 



OCTO'CERA, M. De Blainville's name for the firat family of hi* 

 order Crfptodtbrancliiata, containing the genus Octopnt. 



"' rODDN. [MvsTii '. : Mi UDJ 



OCTOLASM1.S. [( niiiiiT.iMA.] 



'"n'MKIIIS. [ClKllll'KDUj 



OCTOPODA, or OCTOPODlDyK, a family or Cephalopodous 

 Molliuca, to which the genera Octoput, Kledone, 1'hAo.renit, and 

 Aryonauta belong. It has the following characters : Animal short, 

 bursiform, ordinarily deprived of fin*; head very distinct ; 8 sessile 

 arm*, generally nearly equal, and furnished with simple suckers; 

 naked or teetaoeou* ; no internal testaceous rudiment, but only two 

 mall cartilaginous piece* in some species. 



Professor Owen, in common with other zoologists, divides the 

 Octopod* into two group* or families, the Tatacea and the Nuda. 



The Tat arm connist of the genera Argonaut* and BtUeroplton. 



The AWo comprise the Kcncra i'Udone and Octopun. 



Argonaut a. (Ltnntcu*). . The best known species of this genus in 



1W tbe Paper-Nautilus, or Paper-Sailor. It is the Nmnl\ot or 



**"*' TI ** f Aristollc. ('HiMt Ariim.,' iv. i.) Tho Argonauta, has 



ollowing characters : Body oblong, rounded ; mantle adhering 



poetoriorly to the head; first or dorsal pair of arms diluted and 



