. i - 



OCY PODIUM 





TW oval MO elmiaenMll but very long convoluted 

 in muscular TM Jihieus; 11 contain. innumerable 

 Tb* Ht^onifU at the Argonaut wu discovered by 

 llHrli-r- 1 It PuMitio Worm, and deecribed it under 

 of TVir.f<pft *releNIr<i. it wu (fain described by 

 n M " Spermatopbore of linguUr shape," and 



k*Uv by Dr. gulliker. 



~ It liroiUr in form to the other*, bat U only 7 line* in length, and 

 W* a lifora appendage in (root line* long. It bw two rows of 

 n, 45 OB <ah aid*, bat no brmnchiz. The akin con- 

 changeable apota of red or violet, like that of tha 

 Mollttca.) 



Argonaut" (Woodward. **Mkl < 

 OCTOPUS. rOoioronji.} 



v. [lUDunrrtuau.] 



O'CYMl/M. a 

 of their leavee, 

 which aoeouiit 



or the fragrance 

 are and M an ingredient in navuury diabe*, on 



of the specie* have from time immemorial been 

 object* of very general cultivation. In Engliah gardens they are 

 called Baeila, a corruption of Hajdlinca. th* name given to comon Bull 

 by UM monkiah writer* upon plants, in allusion to it* regal qualitie*. 



0. />*eih'fM, Linn., Common Basil, ha* many varieties differing in 

 their sixe, in UM form and colour of their leave*, and in minor parti- 

 oaten : ia their qualitie* they are nearly alike. This specie* i* found 

 wild in the hotter part* of the East Indies, where it is a perennial, 

 with a woody root ; but in our garden* it is treated as a tender annual, 

 being raieed ia the spring in a hot-bed, and turned into a warm border 

 when UM summer i* so far advanced that there i* no longer any 

 dm*f from frost, which i* instantly fatal to such plant*. Besides 

 tab Mr. Bentham enumerate* 43 other species (' Labiatarum Oenera 

 et Species'), one of which, the 0. riridt, i* used a* a febrifuge in 

 Sierra Leone. TW genne i* readily known by it* calyx being bent down- 

 ward* when the fruit i* ripe, and then appearing covered as it were by 

 a very large ovate dorsal lobe, and by th* stamen* being declinate. 



I'olilO.K or OCYPO'DIANS (Milne-Edwards), a tribe of 

 Bracbynrous Cnutaera, placed by M. Milne-Edward* between hi* 

 Pinnotherian* and Ooooplaciana, 



The tribe he* the following characters : Carapace rhomboidal or 

 trapeaoidal, very much elevated anteriorly and depressed posteriorly ; 

 the frontal border occupying the whole width, and the front, which is 

 lenMll*!- and bent down to the epistome, extremely narrow ; its width 

 doe* not equal a third of the 

 length of UM eye*, nor the 



The Ocypodiana, a* their name implies, are very swift runner*, living 

 nearly always on the (trand, where they dig holes for thenuelre*. 

 M. Milne-Edwards, who remarks that this small and very natural 

 p is closely allied to the genera Data and Mycltrii among the 

 notherians, thus divides the tribe : 



Tribe of 



11 ;. HUH 



Cornea transparent, very large, oval, ~| 

 occupying at least the half of the length \ > Q e , mo j,, 

 of the ocular peduncle*, and commenc- f 

 ing Tory near the baae of those stems. J 



1 Cornea transparent, very small, 1 

 rounded, not occupying the fourth part (,, , . 

 of the length of the ocular peduncle, an<l F* 

 only commencing close to iU extremity. J 



Ocypada (Fabricius). Carapace rhomboidal or even nearly square, 

 as large behind a* before. The front is much longer than it is wide ; 

 it doe* not cover the articulation of the ocular peduncle*, and only 

 equal* in width the half of the cpistome, to the anterior border of 

 which it unite* itself. The orbit* are very large, not deep ; the upper 

 border U much lea* advanced than the lower. The form of the eye* 

 is very remarkable ; the cornea i* oval, very large, and extends below 

 within a very (mall distance of the base of the peduncle ; but in 

 general this last is prolonged beyond it* extremity, so that the eye* 

 terminate with a kind of horn, the length of which seems to inc 



with age. The internal antenna; are disposed as stated in the character 

 of the group ; the external antennae are rudimentary ; their third joint 



elf of the width of UM boo. 

 eal frame, which itedf i* very 

 narrow. The eye* are very 

 long, and the cornea in general 

 > Urge. The baaUary 

 joint of the internal ant. nn* 

 -oral, rather Urge, andplaoed 



of UM orbit; the 

 etera of the** appendage, i* 

 extremely small and hidden 

 under UM front; the two ter- 

 filamenta are very 

 I hardly annu- 



- I, 



in any of the 

 Ometateaeji previously treated 

 of in UM (Tetom of M Milne- 

 Edwards, except in UM Dotoa, 

 TW external automat ate ru- 



they ordinarily are. in an open- 

 io*; of the internal angle oTthe 

 orbit; their Ant joint I* lew 

 than UM eeeood. and the th 



f t. 



third only reaches to the edge of the ' 

 border of the beeilary Joint of the internal antenna-. The 

 U oorttououe with the lower border of the orbit, and the 

 BOM is remarkably more narrow anteriorly than it i. posteriorly. 

 TW external iaw fwt doe* th* mouth completely ; the interior border 

 of tfcefe-kaeUer portion I* .traight; their third joint U very much 

 and their fourth inerrtod at the external angle of the 

 TWetetnal P U*tron ha* a trapexoidal form, the baae of 

 I* directed backward* ; it U strongly curved in it* longitudinal 

 direeUoB, aad give. p****,-. to UM male organ* at a considerable dis- 

 team frotn tte external border. The anterior feet are generally 



""i"" 1 u>: " "* " T "7 on "^ 



the terminatin/joint 

 never the form of a natatory oar. The 

 of (even dUt.nct eegmente in both 



is not half so long as the second, and their terminal stemlet is scarcely 

 longer than their peduncle. The epistome i* very small and presents 

 at its median part a small quadrilateral prolongation which U soldered 

 to the front The third joint of the external jaw-feet is quadrilateral 

 and much smaller than the preceding. The anterior feet are in general 

 shorter than the rest, and the hund which terminates them is much 

 compressed and very large in comparison with the arm ; the <lit) 

 between the hands of each side is often very great, especially iu the 

 male. The succeeding feet are also much compressed, and increase 

 in length up to the fourth pair inclusively. 1'he abdomen is much 

 narrower at it* base than the posterior part of the thorax, and in both 

 sexes leave* a considerable portion of the last segment* of this part 

 of the body exposed. 



The bronchia which ordinarily exist* on the antepenultimate joint 



of the sides U wanting iu the 

 Ocypodir; the others are di- 

 rected very obliquely back- 

 words, and the branchial cavity 

 is elevated so as to leave above 

 a givat void spaco which is 

 lined by a membrane more 

 or less spongy. (M. Milne- 

 Edwards.) 



So rapid are the Ocypoda 

 in their motions that those 

 who have observed these ani- 

 mals iu their native haunt* 

 that they run BO fast 

 that a man can hardly over- 

 take them. They hollow out 

 holes for themselves in the 

 sand of the sea-bank, and 

 remain shut up iu tlu-ir bur- 

 rows throughout the winter. 

 They are found in warm 

 climates of both hemispheres, 

 M. Milne-Edwards records 

 seven recent species, which 

 , ui.a.riUrUii.r Ill-mi. Milne.Ed<rartU. he *eparate into two divi- 



sion* : 



A. Specie* whoee transparent cornea occupies the extremity of the 

 ocular peduncle, and is not overpassed by a styliform prolonga- 

 t: .n or R terminal tubercle. 



0. arrnaria, the Sand-Crab of Catexby. Length about two inches ; 

 colour yellowish. It is found on the coast* of North America and 

 the Antilles. 



It lives in hole* three or four feet deep, which it hollows out in the 

 and immediately above the level of the wash of the sea. Its general 

 time of quitting the burrow to seek it* food is the night, and when 

 pursued it runs with great iwiftneas, elevating at the same time its 

 claws in a menacing manner. This is their summer life ; but towards 

 the end of October they retire inland to hybemate hi the earth. When 



* " >< * l "wy o (even dUt.nct eegmente in both 

 eaej, ta Terjr !. u general It doe* not cover more than a third 

 of UMDoeteViur portion of the eternal phetron of the male, ead even 

 * l ' m t~* "* * P hMtro which "* the 



the 

 bee. of the ft e>pnd. In UM greater ,rt of tbV oue*, if not 



'* t ,' mlr "** b ~ cbi " oo each rfde of thTthorax, 

 . w> '^ b "'' " ~~ k * 1 * UM vault of the ride*, *nd 

 two rilinJ to UM etate of reeUge* only, and fixed to UM Jaw-feet 



they have found a place proper for their purpose they dig a hole like 

 that which they had occupied on the edge of the sea ; and after entering 

 t.ip up the entrance so cleverly that no trace of its existence 

 is left Then they retire to the bottom, and there remain till the warm 

 weather bring* them forth, when they again repair to their marine 

 residence*. 



B. Specie* whoee eye* carry at their extremity an appendage, in the 

 form of a tubercle, cylinder, or stylet, which overpasses the trans- 

 parent cornea. 

 0. li'ta. Terminal appendage of the eyea large, short, conical, 



