K MOT 



OIDKMIA. 



' 



I:. .-.,... .; ... .-.-, i.-. . 



thrw boon and a half of UM poisoo having been 

 and often within UM Ant hour. 



The other Brituh spsciss are -<. .Union, CE. Latknalii, (. ,alti- 

 /CMS, (Ji- /'luiiaitdrivm If*, if Kria/i/' /. 



(ES"'Tiii: KA. * genus of ilant* belonging to the natural order 

 ftMyraricr. or Onayraeta. It ba* a 4 cleft calyx ; 4 petal* ; a filiform 

 yl, with a clavate or cruciform itigma ; linear capsules of 4 cells, 

 valves ; and numerous amds. 



tiarnit, Evening Primross, has ovate-lanceolate flat-toothed 

 Uavrs; rough hairy stem; petals longer than the stamens, and 

 boot UK as long M UM tube of the calyx ; the flowers are large, 

 MUDrroos, and of a bright yellow-colour. It abounds on the Lanca- 

 shire eoart, and cover* several acre* of ground near Woodbridge, 

 HoflUk. Tb roots are eatable, and were formerly taken after dinner 

 to flavour win*, as olivra now arc ; therefore the generic name was 

 hMfjsd from Ommgn, UM Ass-Pood, to (Enotlura, the Wine-Trap. 

 This plant wss ones cultivated for the aake of it* tuber*, which might 

 in MB* * have stood instead of UM potato, had they not been 

 ssifsrs* Ji il by UM tntrodoation of ths latter. This is the only British 

 spitsss of UM nsHW. 



TlMr* ar M spsoiw soumeraUd by Don, growing chiefly in Xorth 

 They ars haodsoms border-flowen, and deserve to be 

 bot ars Dot valuable on account of any properties they 



(Doa. IMImmrl**** PttmU ; Babingtoo, Manual of SriliA Jlolany ; 

 JSJHMU, tHilittn of /Mony.) 



(ERSTKIlTITK, a Miami, occurring cry*tallised. Primary form a 

 r%M ). pritn Colour brown. Lustre splendent Hardness 0-5. 

 tolM*jrM^9-tt. It is found at Areodal, Norway. Ths following 



M HV ftttftlJVH I"^ 



T.uakte of Brook 



: 



.::. 



ltt-708 

 Mil 



2-047 

 1-136 



:. J 



' ^ ! 



thei>onc.rHyatUba<koftbe B oalh,totbeetotnah. In man it 

 t luMiGiiil of two Uy*r of mowvUr ftbrea, an external longitudinal 

 Uyrr. aad an tolerMl, weapoMd of circular fibre*, by which the food 



1 in propelled toward* the rtomach, and which are lined by a layer of 

 oft uiiicouK membrane and a moderately thick cuticle continued from 

 that of the lip* and mouth. In many animals it* interior U beset with 

 numerou* firm pointed prooease*, directed toward* the Rtomach, to 

 prerent any food that has paated through it from returning into the 

 mouth ; in the ruminant*, on the other hand, it is one of the chief 

 mean* by which the partially-digested food i* brought again to the 

 mouth for the chewing of the cud. 



i 1UI >.K. a family of Dipterous Inaects of the section A tliericera, 

 distinguished by the proboscis being either in a rudimentary state or 

 wanting; the palpi are sometimes distinct and occasionally wanting ; 

 the antennae are abort, inclosed in a cavity in the fore part of the head ; 

 the third joint is usually globular, and the stylet is usually dorsal ; 

 the abdomen i* generally large; the wings have generally three 

 posterior cells, of which the first is often closed. 



It will be seen from the above definition that the (J.'-tri of the 

 moderns cannot be the same as the (Eitnu (0'nrrpot) of the nm-l.-nt 

 Greeks, a fly, which, we learn from Aristotle (' Hist. Anim.' iv. 4, Ac.), 

 Virgil (' Georgic*,' iii. 148), Lilian, and others, is armed with a strong 

 tongue (proboscis), pierces the hides and sucks the blood of quad- 

 rupeds, and makes a peculiar kind of harsh humming noise. Mr. Brncy 

 Clark states that the (ttrui Bar it makes no noise whilst flying, and 

 Mr. W. S. H'Leay says, " the (J-.'tlria Equi U also silent in flying, as I 

 have repeatedly myself observed." The absence in some and the rudi- 

 mentary state of the proboscis in others of the modern (Ettri, proves 

 that they are not blood-suckers ; and this fact is otherwise at variance 

 with the description given by the ancients, their (Ettri having a strong 

 proboscis, a circumstance which, connected with the blood-sucking 

 habits of the Tabanida, another family of Dipterous Insects, induces 

 Mr. M'Lcny to imagine that the (Eitnu of the ancients belongs to that 

 group. An ingenious paper on this subject, by the gentleman ln-<t 

 mentioned, will be found in the fourteenth volume of the ' Linmean 

 Transactions.' [Bon.] 



In Hacquart's 'Histoirc Xaturolle des Insectes Diptores,' seven 

 genera are enumerated as belonging to the family (EtlritUe .-Culere- 

 bra, Hypodtrma, (Edemaycna, Cepkencmyia, Cephalemyia, < 

 and <f'ftna. 



'KSTRUS. [Bow.] 



(ETHRA (Leach), a genus of Brachyurous Cnulacea, placed by M. 

 Milne-Edwards as the representative of his first division (Canceriens 

 Cryptopodes) of his tribe Caucerians ; and indeed his Cryptopod Can- 

 cerians are composed of this genus solely. Latreille mode (Eihra and 

 Calappa rCAUVTA] form the family Cry}>tO]>oda ; but M. Milne- 

 Edwards is of opinion that the only character which they have in 

 common with the latter is the existence of lamellar prolongations on 

 the sides of the carapace, dispositions which are also found in certain 

 Leucoeians, whilst all the rest of their organisation approaches that 

 of the Crabs. 



M. Milne-Kdwards i* of opinion that this form has great affinity 

 with the genus Cryptopodia belonging to the family of Oryrhynchn, 

 and that it establishes the passage between those Crustaceans and the 

 other Cancerians, at the same time that it approaches Cala^a, whose 

 natural place is in the family of Oxyatome*. It is found in the Hast 

 Indian and African Seas. 



tK. TN;,OM may be taken as an example. Its length is 2 to 3 inches. 

 Colour grayish. U i* found near the Island of Mauritius, and in the 

 Indian Archipelago. 



OIDKMIA. 



' a terupota. 



*, the right plnccr, external vi- 

 (DICKS.] 



