ORTYOia 



08K1ZOMK 



ito 



baad-quartec. of UM Ortolan, though ii u 

 vMtor ta UM oantral and nocth.rn parte. In Italy it i> Mid 



C. L. Bonaparte 



J ta UM Sabin. Mowtatas, but not oommonly, in 



T. and that it raraly occur* ta UM plain of Rome, but that 

 Hii fr*OM*>t ta Taveany. Upland. Russia, Denmark. Sweden, and 

 Norway are among th. countrU virftod by it In thase islands it 

 i to b* only entitled to rank a* an accidental vlaitor, but it ta by 

 i clear that it doe* not occur more frequently than is generally 

 I - for. sMeially to an ttnpraotMtd eye, it might be mistaken 

 .W UM Yellow. Hammer, and in sooM states of it* plumage for other 

 BoBtiaj*. It ha* OMB taken ta UM neighbourhood of London ; and 

 ooe of UM*. nnriatai was alive ta 1887, in the aviary of the Zoolo- 

 I BoOMy ta UM Resent 1 . Park. Bewick 1 * figure ( Green-Headed 

 ' (.' ktt edition. Sapp., p. 24) was captured at tea off the York- 

 Mot, ta May. 1882. In southern Europe it is common from 

 to Anguet, sad every pring and autumn may be observed at 

 rater on its migration. Mr. Strickland saw it at Smyrna in April 

 North Africa b ha winter nsidwo*. Colonel Syke* note* it in his 

 'Vil-pi of UM Bird* of Dukhnn ' (Deccan). 



When properly fed, for whkh purpose there are large establish- 

 Mote ta UM south of Europe, where they are placed after having been 

 trapped and furnuhed with plenty of millet-wed and other grain, till 

 UMT hiatus sheer lump* of fat, they are delicious morsels. Mr. 

 Ooold stele* that thi. U effected in Italy and the south of France in a 

 darkroom. Prtaos C. L. Bonaparte say*. " Nell* vicina Toscana, dove 

 (Ii Ortolani *ooo fjsqiMOti, ai mantengono nelle Uccelliero illuminate 

 gioroo notto fincb> restino soffocati dalle pinguedine." (In the neigh - 

 booring diitrict* of Tuscany, where the Ortolani are numerous, they 

 are kept ta aviaries which are illuminated day and night, where the 

 bird* .rehdUll they boatd by their fatneas), and he adds the 

 ' (flesh exquisite). 



Ctver ft, BMW ; lower iw, fr.il.. (Ooald.) 



VOI&. 



OHVKT. tb* 



. 



. name for the Itundworm (Anmtii fragUit of 



LtsMto*). [BujrpwoaM ) 



Meaar*. DonWnl and BCbron (' Hlttoira .lea Reptile* '), who place UM 

 fora amoog UM HrimootAaan Liar.U, and next to OpktotUt, *tate that 



, , 



a. to the tun. of their puWicaiion all aathon hare denied an external 

 auditory opaniaf to UM Afm, fnfjit, Unn, whena* thi* Scin- 

 coida ha. OM, very amall it b true, but durtinct neverthelet* when 

 paiaa an Ukea to eaarch for it, em without the aid of a lena, They 

 taU that thi* orioce, wliicb U linear, and from one to two millimetre* 

 ta Mgtk, I* ttaMted babtad UM coaania*nr* of tb* lip*, at a diatano* 

 qaal to UM MtfUi of UM nrani*; moaiioM. it i. uncovered. 



time, it i. hidden under the aoale* ; and in the latter caae they muit 

 be railed before it ii perceptible. [OrHlDiA.1 



ORYCTEROPUa [AAr>V A B.] 



ORYX. [AKTILOPBA] 



Oil Y'ZA, a genni of Plant* belonging to the natural order of Gnuuec. 

 It i* the name by which rice was known to the Oreek* and Komann, 

 and which ha* been adopted by botaniit* a* the generic name of the 

 plant yielding that valuable grain. The Greek name would appear to 

 be derived from the Arabic Aruz, and this i* allied to Uri, the Tclinga 

 name of cultivated aorte ; but the Sanscrit name* are Unoo, Dhanya, 

 and Vrihi ; the wild kind being called Nivara, while the great tanks 

 are called Erayi in the Tamul language. The European name* are 

 evidently all derived from the name source?, but the name Paddy ii 

 applied to the rice in its natural state, or before being separated from 

 the husk. The natives of India call it Dhan in this state, as well u 

 the plant, and the rice iUelf is called ChanwuL 



The genui Oryso has two glumes to a single flower ; palca? two, 

 nearly equal, adhering to the iced; stamens six, and styles two. 

 Dr. Roxburgh describes two species; one, 0. tatira, distinguished by 

 its diffuse panicle ; the other, 0. coarctata, ha* the panicle contracted, 

 the valvulets of the calyx subulate, and the leaves culm-clasping. 

 Thi* species is a native of the delta of the Ganges, and was first dis- 

 covered there by Dr. Buchanan in 1796, but was not found to be 

 applied to any use. 



The Common Rice, 0. tativa, unlike many long cultivated grains, is 

 (till found in a wild state in and about the borders of lakes in the 

 Rajahmundry Circars of Hindustan, though never cultivated, because 

 the produce is said to be small compared with that of the varieties 

 in cultivation. [Ric, in ARTS AND So. Dtv 



Common Bice (Oryta tatira}. 



a, panicle of the rice.planl, with ripe grain- ; b, * tingle (rain enveloped In 

 IU husk and awned. 



OSCILLATORIA. [Aw*.] 



031 ER. [SALHL] 



OSMAZOME, a name given by Tlii'nard, and adopted by most 



rmtrtt) to a ipirituou* extract of meat ; according to Berzelius it is 

 not a peculiar substance, but a mixture of *everal different bodies, 

 among which are lactic acid and lactate*. In the opinion of Berzelius 

 the name ought to be abandoned. According to the experiment* of 

 Jhevreul however Oimazomo contains a peculiar substance, to which 

 10 ha* given the name of Crcatin (from pay, flesh). 



Creatin i* *olid, inodorous, insipid, colourless, and has a pearly 

 liutre; it doe* not act upon test paper*, and crystallises in right 

 prism*. It* specific gravity varies from V35 to 1'84. When heated 



