PACHYMYA. 



VIA 



1 



Te 



ta UM opinion of Cuvirr. br. many 



. 



to erruia Ke.Unt ; for in.Unc. tbir great Incisor* (w to speak) or 

 ta.TlMrJMk trfciefc often formed of parallel l.u.in*; the 



the aide*; carapace smooth, brownUh; feet variegated wilh ruddy and 

 whitish. I'uuntry unknown. 



of aanjof their bones, Ao. The whole of tliU family bare fire 

 ton on well loot, compleUly funned in the tkrleton, but so incnutod 

 in UM callous .km which surrounds the foot, that there ii no appear- 

 M of them externally, except as they may be traced by the nail. 

 to UM border of this ipeciaa of hoe. The canine* and 



ineMnn, stricUv ir** tj "C- * wanting ; but there are two tusk* im- 

 planted in UM incisive bones, which two tusks project from the mouth, 

 and often grow to an enormous sis*. The proportion* necessary for 

 UM alveoli or sockets of these tasks, render the upper jaw so high, 

 and so much shorten the bones of the nose, that the nostrils are found 

 in the skeleton towards the upper part of the face ; but, in the living 

 ejrfnrtV they are prolonged into the well known proboscis or trunk. 

 fBunuXT.] The parietos of the cranium contain large spaces for 

 lenileilisi the skull light; snd the lower jaw has no incisor* ; as may 

 be seen in the name article. The intestines are voluminous, the 

 rV^yy^. simple, and the caecum enormous. The mamma;, two in 

 amber are ntuated on the breast; and the young suck with the 

 month, tad not with the trunk, a< some had erroneously supposed. 

 The only living genus of Proboscideans is />;*. ( ELEPHANT.] 

 The other genus U extinct, and conrirt* of the Mastodon*. [MAS- 



The second family, the Ordinary Pachyderms, have either four, 

 three, or two toes. 



I. Those which have the toe* equsl are in some sort cloven-footed, 

 ami, in many respects, approximate the ruminants in the skeleton and 

 in the complication of the stomach. 



Living genera, Hippopotamiu [HIPPOPOTAMUS] and Sui (Linn.). 

 [SriDJLj Extinct genus AnoplotAerium. [AxopLOTHEflroii.] 



II. Thoe which are not cloven-footed form genera which very much 

 resemble each other in the jaws, in having on each side seven upper 

 molar* with square crowns and various projecting lineaments, and 

 wvrn lower ones with a double crescent on the crown, the last of all 

 baring a triple orescent ; but their incisors are different. 



Oencra. Ktatottrtt ; Hfrtur; Paiaotkcriian ; Lophiodon; and 

 Tmpir. [HHIXOCERO*; ; PALJBOTIIKBIUII ; LOMIIODOX ; TAPIR.] 



The third family consists of the Solitlunyala, which apparently 

 have but one toe and a single hoof or shoe to each foot, but on each 

 side of the metacarpus snd the metatarsus are bony point* or processes 

 which represent two lateral toe*. 

 Omus E'l***, Linn. [K'ji'in.B.] 



To their may be added the following extinct genera : Chalicothe- 

 riasi, allied to the Tapirs [TAPIR] ; i'li'in,j.uiuiniu fSfiD.t:]; Anllira- 

 folluntut, silled to Ckin-opoiamut and DicluAnnt* [PAt~OTHERll-u]; 

 JBe.mil'*--' . placed by Fischer between Rhioctro and Jfyrajc ; 

 (Xwionfo, arranged by Meyer between Kkinoctnt and IHtmlktrittM ; 

 Cue'A"-iM, place. 1 by Meyer between A*o t >tutkcrium and Palao- 

 Iktrium ; Ailayii [ADAPU] ; and Utppothcri*m, an animal allied to the 

 bores. (HiwrriiKHirM.] llinothtri*** is considered by Professor 

 Ka'ip an-1 othert to be nearly allied to the Tapirs, in which case the 

 rxtinct animal must doubtless find a place among the Pachydtrmala. 

 . .11111 MH w; TAPIR.] 



U Y M Y 'A ( J. Sowerby), a genus of Fossil Cmekifera. [Mm- 

 IIDJL] 



PA< HY-ilxiN, apenusof Fossil Concki/era. 



I- v II Y TTKKIS i liroiigniart), a genus of Fossil Ferns. 



IVM'HYI'.HIX.rs. [DOUCHO*.] 



- TDM A (Ouilding), a genus of QaaUropodoin Molliitca 

 lieloocinf to the family A mfullariaaa. 



IYTKS. [SrOXDTLIDJL] 

 I'M HVTHK HII'M. [MBOATBBMrDX.1 



r \ i 'I.ITK-S (De Montfort), a genus of Btlrmniltt. 



I 1 A<<> (I.I.AMA.J 



I'ACTOI.I'S. a grnus of Cnttocta belonging to the tribe Pacto- 

 Usne of Milne-Kdwards. This tribe belongs to the Apterurous family 

 of the Anomuroaa section of Onataeta. The other tribes belonging 

 to this faintly are the Dromians, the Homolian*, the Kauininns, the 

 Porcellanian*, the Hipplani, and the Pagurians. The I'sctolian* are 

 nwesd between the Homolian* and the Raniuians. 



futblmt has the following generic characters : First joint of the 

 rxlerssJ ssltonnsl long and cylindrioaL Fret moderstely long and 

 rather stout, the two anterior shorter than the others, not terminated 

 by a nwnus or pincers, but only provided with a simple booked nail ; 

 the second pair terminated in the same way; the third pair unknown; KiiRland. 

 fourth and fifth pair didactylou*. Carapace triangular, elongated. 

 rather convex osj each side b-hind, not thorny above, and terminated 

 atoriorly by a very tot*, harp, drlieeto and entire rostrum, Minilar to 

 that of the Ltr*r<tim. [M< oi-ot.ii..v. ] Abdomen of th- f. male 

 somposed of iveiotets, the first narrow, the three following tmns-..T..- 

 and linesv, ao<l the fifth very Urge and nearly round- d. Kyes very 

 lane, shoatod behind the antenna-, si ways projecting from thnirfosset; 

 silBgle point behind each orbit 



f. Beta,. Length eight lines, nearly two of which belong to the 



' 





roatrwM. which I* furnUbed with 



directed obliquely on 



Pactolui BoKii. 



PADDY-BIRD. [HicE-Bmn.] 

 PADOLLUS. [HALIOTID.V,] 



I'Al'.DK'RIA. a genu* of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Cinchnnacttt. It has a email 5-toothed permanent calyx, a funnel- 

 shaped corolla, hairy inside, 5-lobed, and with a plaited aestivation. 

 There are 5 stamens, sometime* abortive ; the anthers oblong, nearly 

 sessile in the middle of the tube. The style is not protru<!< il. nml 

 the stigma bifid. The berry is small, roundish, and globose, tricclled, 

 with a seed in each cell. The flowers are mnall, white, and usually 

 unisexual. 



P. ftrtitla ha* a woody twining item, round and smooth. The 

 leave* are oblong or lanceolate, cordate at the base, and glabrous. The 

 panicle* axillary, terminal, opposite, short, and few-flowered. The 

 flowers are usually of a deep pink, the bracts orate, the calyx 5-tootlied, 

 the corolla with a long tubo sotnewhnt gibbous and woolly inside ; the 

 limb narrow and divided into 5-cordato crenukte segments. The 

 berry U dry, compressed, having 5 lines on each side, 1 -celled, and 

 2-seeded. The seed* are smooth, compressed, enlarged with a somewhat 

 membranous ring all round. The leaves have a very fretid and 

 aliaceous odour when bruised, yet they are used to impregnate Imtli.". 

 and are administered in a decoction medicinally in cases of retention 

 of urine and some febrile complaints. According to Roxburgh the 

 root is used by the Hindoos as an emetic. It is a native of the Kast 

 Indie*, and of Japan and the Molucca*. 



/'. trniata has an erect smooth trichotomou* stem, with triangular 

 branchlet* ; leave* 3 in a whorl ; oblong-lanceolate axillary trichotomous 

 corymb*, shorter than the leaves ; the limb of the calyx campanula** 

 and obscurely 5-toothed. It is a native of the East Indies on tli 

 mountain* which border on Silhet The flower* are rather large, 

 funnel-shaped, white, on long filiform pedicel*, each pedicel having R 

 ]>nir of linear ciliated bract* above the middle. The flowers are said 

 to be fragrant when fresh, but emit a very offensive, smell on being 

 steeped in water after they have been dried. 

 (I.indley, Flora Mnlica.) 



I'.V'.O'NIA is a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Kanvncnlace<r. The species are very generally cultivated in garden* for 

 the sake of their large gaudy flowers. They are characterised in their 

 order by a permanent leafy calyx of 5 unequal sepals, 5 petals, stamens 

 whose anthers split open by two fissures along their face, a fleshy 

 elevated disc, and from 2 to 5 many-seeded carpels, terminated by a 

 fleshy recurved stigma. Their fruit consists of leathery follicle*, 

 splitting on one side, and exposing to view a number of round, black, 

 shining seeds adhering to a crimson placenta. 



P. MoH'an is a shrub, of which several varieties, with beautiful 

 whitish flowers stained with pink, are now in our gardens. Of these 

 the most ahowy is that called P. .< Ii lin* a broad 



crimson stain at the bane of each ]>i'tnl. lf,grown on the north Ride 

 of a wall, or in a situation where it i* but little exposed to the snn in 

 the early part of the day, this species will bear the open air of Kngloud 

 without protection; but it iprouts *o early in tho spring, if exposed 

 to the nun, that it is very liable to be cut off by the late frosts of 



It is a natire of China. Of the other specie*, /'. / 

 ami /'. (Wi/uiiiicaare remarkable for being the only species inhabiting 

 Ainoiira; they are natives of California and of the country to the 

 northwnrd, and have little beauty : the first exists in our gardens, Imt 

 i* extremely rare. The rct of the genus consist* entirely of Km 

 and Asiatic plants, which, according to De Candolle, form fifteen 

 specie* ; but there can be no doubt that the greater part of then? sup- 

 posed species are mere varieties, chiefly of /'. offlcinalit, P. (Mi.riora, 

 J'. Icnuifolia, and /'. ]>cregri*a. 



All these plants are liable to produce double flowers, which, by 

 the conversion of their numerous stamens into petals, are generally 



