PALEMoNin.E. 



1'ALEMONID^E. 



rilMlil a liltle bthiod UM Ut superior tooth ; a small pine ou each 

 >.! of the DM* of UM rostrum, above the ioMrtion of the eye* ; fint 

 joint of UM internal antenna) armed externally with "pine of 

 moderate aiae; buuellar appendage* of the external antenna large, 

 paean* a UttM beyond the rostrum, and oval, or rather truncated 



obliquely from within outward*, and from before backwards at their 

 extremity. Length 4 or 5 Hues. It b found in UM Britiah Channel 

 and UM ooaaU of La Vendee. (Milne-Edwards.) 



i Special who** rostrum forms an derated cmt on the anterior 

 part of the stomachal region, but U Dot prolonged on the 

 potterior part of UM carapace. 



//. rrajsKornu baa the carapace rounded above ; rostrum very smaH. 

 rather eleratod at iU base, but taking ita origin cloae to the insertion 

 of the eye*, and not reaching to the extremity of those organs; 

 uBected at first, then straight, bifid at the end, and armed above with 

 two or three denotations ; eye* very large ; internal antenna: remark- 

 ably stout, their baailary joint dilated and lamellar below. Length 4 

 line*. It U found at St. Male. (Milne-Edwards.) 



S. Species the base of whose rostrum is elevated into a crest and 

 prolonged to the posterior edge of the carapace. 



H. yttlirsn. Rostrum taking its origin from the posterior third of 

 the ~ p*"*. very much bent and armed with four or five teeth at its 

 base, then curving strongly upward*, and only presenting one email 

 spine towards the level of the extremity of the eyes, and two or three 

 dentilationa at ite point ; ita lower border descending very low at ita 

 base and armed with six or seven teeth, the posterior of which are 

 very strong ; lateral spine of the internal antenme very large ; lamellar 

 appendage of the external antenna nearly triangular. Length about 

 18 line*. It is found on the coast* of Australia. (Milne-Edwards.) 



The other Britiah species of JUpialyte are II. tpintu, H. Cranchii, 

 H. Tlunmpumii, //. Pritttaitj-iaiia, and //. pandaliformii. 



Mynduteimettt (Edwards). H. Milne-Edwards observes that this 

 gena* b closely approximated to ffippolyle, but that it is distinguished 

 from all the other macrurous crustaceans by the singular conformation 

 of UM rostrum, which, instead of being a simple prolongation from 

 UM (root, i* a distinct lamina of the carapace, and articulated with 

 the front so as to be very moreable, and to possess the power of 

 lowering itself above the antenme, or of elevating itself vertically ; in 

 other rrapecU it much resembles the rostrum of Ifippolyte. It is very 

 large, asbre-shaped, and dentilated on both edges. 



K. Typtu. Front armed with three spines, of which the median, 

 placed above the base of the rostrum, is followed by another median 

 rostrum very Urge, longer than the lamina of the external 

 , armed above with two spines fituatod near the base, and with 

 i or eight d> otiUt inns situated at ita extremity ; it* inferior border 

 famished with a score of very large teeth. Length about 24 inches. 



It b a native of the Indian Ocean. (Milne-Edwards.) 



Pamdolui fix-men). Closely resembling Palemon in the general 

 form of the body, but distinguished from that genus by the conforma- 

 tion of the feet, of which the two anterior are monodactylous. Cara- 

 pace armed in front with a very long compressed rostrum, which is 

 elevated towards the end, and dentilated both above and below. Eyes 

 lam, abort, and free. Upper antennas formed nearly like those of 

 Palrmnt, excepting that they poiaeas only two terminal filaments ; 

 external jaw-feet slander and pediform. Feet slender ; the first pair 

 bortrst. and terminated by astyliform joint; the second pair filiform, 

 aod terminated by a very small didactylous hand ; their carpus multi- 

 articnlate; sneoeeVting fret presenting nothing remarkable. Disposition 

 of UM abdomen UM same as in Palemon. Number of branchiae, 

 twelve on each aide of UM body. (Milne-Edwards.) 



P. a*l<cora. Rostrum of the length of the carapace, armed 

 above with some ten teeth, which occupy the stomachal region and 

 UM posterior half of ite fore part ; a small tooth near the point of the 

 rostrum, separated from the preceding by a rather long smooth space ; 

 taterior border of the rostrum armed with from seven to eight very 

 Urge teeth toward* ite base, and the last of which are placed towards 

 UM extremity. Length of the body about two inches. 



It b found on the cowte of England and Iceland. (Milne- Ed wardo.) 



(Rbso). Resembling very- much tha Pahcmons, and 

 ratabibbmg UM pasasys between them and lli P) alyie ; they have 

 UMJT general form, and their carapace b equally armed with a long, 

 eoapresMj, and dcntitated rostrum. Internal antennic terminating 

 also In three multi-articuUte filament*, two of which are long and one 

 very abort ; the external antenna are inserted under the first, and 

 present nothing remarkable. The mandibles are deprived of a palpi- 



L. seffeerctoM. Rostrum taking |t origin towards the middle of 

 tbe carapace, a litUe inflected towards the end, not attaining the 

 extremity of UM pedancle of tbe internal antenna*, and armed with 

 six teeth above and two below ; two of the fllamente of the superior 

 anteon* as long as the body. Length about two inches. Colour red- 

 brown. striped longitudinally with white. 



It inhabit* tbe Mediterranean. (llilno-Edward.) 



Pair man (Fabr.). -- llody compressed but little, and generally 

 round*d above. Carapace moderate in BUM, and presenting towards 

 it* anterior thin! a median ere*!, which is tbe origin of the rostrum ; 

 tbb bet advance* above UM base of the eye* and antennic, and pre- 



sents nearly always a considerable length ; it is very much curved 

 upwards toward* the end, and strongly dentilated ou ite upper and 

 lower border*. Eye* Urge and projecting. Internal antennae inserted 

 above the external one* ; the first joint of their peduncle very large, 

 depressed, excavated upon ite upper surface for the lodgment of the 

 eye*, and armed externally with a strong spine, which occupies ite 

 anterior angle ; the two succeeding peduncular joints stout and cylin- 

 drical The multi-articulate filaments which terminate these orguu 

 are three, two of which are in general extremely long, and one very 

 short and joined by iU base to one of the preceding. The external 

 antennn are inserted below, and rather external to the internal 

 antennae; the lamellar palp which covers their base U very large, oval, 

 rounded, and ciliated at the end, and armed with a xpu.ie.at iU exter- 

 nal border. The mandibles carry a small cylindrical palpiform 

 appendnge, and the external jaw-feet are of moderate length, slender, 

 sometimes unguiculated at the end, and sometimes terminated by a 

 small multi-articulate appendage. First pair of feet slender, termi- 

 nated by a small didactylous hand, and presenting near their base, on 

 the internal side, a small dilatation, which covers the mouth, and act*, 

 after the manner of jaw-feet ; second pair of feet much longer and 

 stronger, terminated also by a well-formed didactylous hand, and with 

 the carpus entire and formed in the ordinary manner; three succeed- 

 ing pairs slender and monodactylous, their length diminishing pro- 

 gressively, and without any vestige at their base of flagrum or palp. 

 Abdomen very large, and narrowing gradually towards the end ; ite 

 upper surface regularly arched, but capable of becoming nearly com- 

 pletely straight, without any hump as in Hippolyte. The seventh 

 segment, which forms the median piece of the caudal fin, is triangular 

 and shorter than the lateral blades ; it is generally armed with some 

 spines at ite extremity, and there are on the upper surface five small 

 spines, the anterior of which is situated on the median line, and the 

 others laterally. The lateral blade* of the caudal fin ore very large, 

 oval, and nearly of equal size. Tbe abdominal false feet are very 

 large ; the first pair carry a large ciliated blade and a second smaller 

 one ; the others are provided with two ciliated blades, nearly of the 

 same size, of which the internal one carries towards ite base a small 

 cylindrical appendage. (Milne-Edwards.) 



M. Milne- Edwards remarks that the nervous system of the Paleiuons 

 presents a much greater concentration than that of the Crawfishes 

 (Ecrevisses) ; for all the thoracic ganglions are approximated so that 

 they nearly touch each other. The branchiae, he observes, are eight 

 in number on each aide of the body. 



The specie* of this useful and delicious genus are numerous. 

 M. Milne-Edwards records seventeen, besides the Indian Palemon brtvi- 

 mantis and P. Coromandelinut of Fabricius. Those of our own coasts 

 are well known to the epicure ; and some of the species which arc 

 found in warm climates attain to a considerable size : such niv tlio 

 P. Cardans of the Indian seas and the Gauges, which attains to nearly 

 a foot in length, and the P. Jamaiceaiit of the Antilles, which is from 

 10 to 12 inches long. 



Tbe prawns generally inhabit sandy bottoms near the coasts, but some 

 arc found at the mouths of rivers, and far up. They mostly boil red. 



M. Milne-Edwards subdivides the species into the following sections : 



1. Species having the anterior border of the carapace armed on 



each side with two spines, situated one above and the other 

 below the insertion of the external antennic. 



P. terrattu. Rostrum reaching much beyond the lamellar append- 

 age of the external antennic ; very much elevated towards the end, 

 and bifid at ite extremity ; its superior border smooth for nearly ite 

 anterior half, and armed ou the rest of its extent with from seven to 

 eight teeth ; the crest which occupies its inferior border very wide at 

 its posterior extremity, and armed with five or six teeth. The small 

 terminal filament of the superior antennsc very short, not attaining the 

 extremity of the rostrum when it is directed forwards, nor the ante- 

 rior border of the carapace when it i< directed backwards. Length 

 from 8 to 4 inches. Colour grayish with xmall red and brown spots. 



It abounds on the coast* of France and Kn-l:ui-l. 



This is the Aitaciu icrratui of Pennant; Cancer SqmUa, of Herbst ; 

 the Prawn of the shop*. 



There are two other Prawns which inhabit our coast* r one, the 

 Pakmon to/nHtii and Astaciu fqnitla of Fabricius, with a much shorter 

 rostrum, not reaching beyond the lamellar appendage of the external 

 antennae, nearly straight, and dcutatcd to the top, and about 20 lines 

 long altogether ; the other, Paltmon variant, with a very short rostrum 

 armed with from four to six teeth above, and only two or three 

 below, and about one half the size of the lost. 



2. Species having the anterior border of the carapace armed on 



each side with a single spin.'. 

 A. A second spine situated behind the preceding, nearly on the 



Rome horizontal line. 

 A*. Prehensile borders of the pincers nearly straight, and 



touching each other throughout their length. 



/'. ' 'irciniu, which inhabite tbe Indian seas and the Ganges, is an 

 nap** 



A". Prehensile borders of the pincers concave, so oa to leave a 



space between them. 



/' tplnimanut, which inhabits the Antilles and the coast of Brazil, is 

 mi example. 



