173 



PALICOUREA. 



PALINURUS. 



174 



correspond to the external jaw-feet offering nothing which can dis- 

 tinguish them from the ordinary thoracic feet ; they are delicate, very 

 long, ciliated, and terminated by a very slender styliform joint. Next 

 four pairs of feet with the same general form, slender, filiform, 

 furnished with much hair, and presenting at their base neither flabelli- 

 form appendage nor vestige of palp ; second and third pairs provided 

 at their extremity with a rudimentary joint, which is nevertheless 

 moveable and disposed BO an to constitute a microscopic claw. 

 Penultimate pair of feet very short and a little distant from each 

 other ; the last pair nearly rudimentary. Abdomen presenting nothing 

 remarkable, except that its lateral lamina; do not descend BO as to 

 encase the base of the false feet as in the ordinary Salicoques. The 

 first pair of these false feet terminate by a single natatory foliaceous 

 blade, and present in the male a corneous prolongation of an odd 

 form, which is fixed to the peduncle of those appendages, and goes to 

 articulate itself on the median line with that of the opposite side. 

 The next four false feet have two narrow natatory blades, which are 

 ciliated and of unequal size. The median blade of the caudal fin is 

 small and pointed, and the lateral blades are narrow, very nearly 

 oval, and terminated in a point. Braucb.ua disposed on a single line, 

 seven on each side of the thorax. 



Ex. 5. Atlanticut, the only known species. It inhabits the Atlantic 

 Ocean, at some distance from the Azores. 



Aceta (Milne-Edwards). Analogous to Sergele in its conformation, 

 but placed at a distance from all the animals of the same order by the 

 absence of the last two pairs of feet. Thoracic feet, consequently only 

 three pairs ; but, as in the Sergtttet, the external jaw-feet acquire an 

 excessive length, an J perform the same functions as the ordinary feet. 

 Carapace smooth, and presenting at its anterior extremity a longi- 

 tudinal series of three small teeth, but there is no true rostrum. 

 Eyes spherical and carried on rather long peduncles ; the superior 

 antenna?, placed above the external ones, have a long peduncle ; but 

 its last joint is shorter than the first, and only carries two bristles, 

 one of which is about twice the length of the body. The lower or 

 external antenna) present a terminal filament not less elongated, and 

 their base is covered, as in ordinary, by a great corneous plate. The 

 mandibles, or jaws properly BO called, and the two pairs of jaw-feet, 

 do not differ remarkably from those of Serf/Met; and the same may 

 be said of the ambulatory feet, which are filiform and terminated by 

 a very elongated joint, but the two posterior feet are wanting, as has 

 been observed. Nevertheless a thoracic segment may still be dis- 

 tinguished behind, carrying branchial like the preceding, but without 

 locomotive appendages. The abdomen presents nothing remarkable ; 

 the natatory false feet all terminate by two narrow and pointed blades, 

 which are at first nearly of the game length, but the internal one of 

 which becomes shorter on the last segments. The peduncle of these 

 appendages presents " very opposite modifications; for upon the first 

 rings of the abdomen it ia long and narrow, whilst upon the last it is 

 stout and short The caudal-fin resembles that of Sergtita. 



Ex. A. Indicut. 



I'ALICOU'REA, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 >nace<e. The limb of the calyx is 5-toothed or 5-lobed, or nearly 

 entire; the corolla tubular and cylindrical, and a little gibbous at the 

 base or curved, 5-cleft, bearded beneath the middle inside. The teeth 

 of the calyx and corolla sometimes rather unequal. The species are 

 American shrubs wholly destitute of pubescence. The leaves often 

 wliorled and of considerable size. The flowers are yellow or white 

 in terminal sessile or stalked panicles, thyrscs, or cymes. 



P. Marcgraavii in a shrub from 5 to 6 feet high, and has smooth 

 quadrangular branches. It ia A poisonous plant, used in Brazil to 

 kill rats and mice. 



P. crocea has a smooth stem, ovate or oval-lanceolate leaves. It is 

 a native of Porto Rico, Trinidad, Cuba, and Guadaloupe. According 

 to Von Martins this species is emetic. 



P. tjitcioM baa smooth round branches, oblong acuminate leaves, 

 acute at the base, membranous, roughUb, shining, with smooth 

 -tipuleg. The leaves have by their yellow colour obtained for the 

 plant the name of Gold-Shrub, highly spoken of in Brazil as an 

 antiayphilitic. " The decoction, which in large doses forms a real 

 poison, acts especially by an increased action of the skin and kidneys, 

 and the digestion is not injured by moderate doses." (Martins.) 



P. officinaia is a shrub clothed with harsh yellow down in every 

 part. It u a native of Brazil, and is reported to be a powerful 

 diuretic, and ia used both in human and veterinary medicine. 



Other species of this genus are laid to-have qualities similar to the 

 In/it. P. diurctica, P. itrcpau, P. tenant, and P. longifolia are 

 amongst those reported to possess medicinal virtues. P. llnctoria 

 form* a fine red dye much valued in Peru. 



Lindley, Flora Medica ; Burnett, Element*.) 



I'ALINU'RL'S, the name given by Fabricius to a genus of 

 C'ruitarca which forms the tribe of Langoustiens in the system of 

 M. Milne-Kdwards, being the fourth of his family of Cuirassed 

 Macrurians, and characterised by the existence of antenna; of the 

 ordinary form and the absence of didactylous pincers. It is also 

 regarded as the type of a family of the Palitiuriilir. 



The I'aiinuri, or Sea-Crawfish, as they are popularly called, have 

 the body nearly cylindrical. Their carapace is nearly straight from 

 Wore backwards, very convex transversely, and presents about its 



' 



anterior third part a deep transverse furrow, which is directed forward 

 on each side and separates the stomachal from the cardial and 

 branchial regions, the only ones which can be well distinguished. 

 The anterior border of the carapace is armed with two stout horns, 

 which advance above the eyes and the base of the antenna). On each 

 side, below the eyes and nearer to the base of the external antenna;, 

 there is a more or less strong tooth. A great number of spines also 

 nearly always arm the cephalothoracic buckler, over whose surface 

 they are disposed. The ophthalmic ring is free and exposed ; the eyes 

 are large, short, and rounded. The anteunular ring is very much 

 developed, and advances between the external antenna?, below and iu 

 front of the ophthalmic ring; sometimes it is triangular, and much 

 longer than it is wide, and sometimes it is nearly square. The internal 

 antenna;, which spring from the lower part of its anterior border, are 

 very long ; their first joint is entirely cylindrical, and so are the 

 next two joints; they terminate by two multi-articulate filaments of 

 varying length. The external antenna; are very stout and very long ; 

 their basilary joint, in which the auditory apparatus is lodged, is very 

 large, and is joined to its conjener so as to form in front of the mouth 

 a very large epistome; the three succeeding joints are stout, move- 

 able, and thorny ; they constitute the basilary portion of the antennae, 

 and are succeeded by a multi-articulate stem which is very stout and 

 very long. The external jaw-feet are small and pediform ; their 

 internal border is only a little or not at all toothed, very obtuse, and 

 furnished with bundles of hairs ; their palp is very small or entirely 

 wanting, but they give insertion to a large flabelliform joiat. The 

 second pair of jaw-feet are small and vary in the form of their palp ; 

 the first pair have a very large palp, which completes the efferent 

 branchial canal forwards, and terminates sometimes by a styliform 

 appendage, sometimes by an oval blade in the form of a spatula. 

 The mandibles are very stout, their edge is trenchant, and their palpi- 

 form stem is very slender. The sternal plastron is of large size and 

 composed of five segments joined together ; it is very narrow between 

 the first pair of feet, but is enlarged from before backwards, and 

 presents on reaching the peuultimate pair a very considerable width. 

 All the feet are monodactyle; the first pair, which are in general 

 shorter and a little stouter tliau the others, terminate by a short stout 

 finger, which is not very moveable ; sometimes there is at its base a 

 spine, which ia the vestige of a thumb, but these organs are never 

 even subcheliforin. The third pair of feet are in general longer. The 

 abdomen is very stout and very long ; its first ring has no appendages, 

 but each of the four succeeding rings gives insertion to a pair of 

 false feet, composed in the male of a small basilary joint and a large 

 oval terminal lamim, whilst in the female there are two similar 

 lamina;, or at least a single lamina and a stemlet which ia biarticulate 

 and furnished with hairs. The caudal fin, formed by the seventh 

 abdominal ring and the appendages of that which precedes it, u very 

 large, and each of the lamina, 1 of which it is composed remains flexibl 

 and half-horny for its two posterior third parts, whilst above it is 

 crustaceous like the rest of the teguorntary skeleton. 



Palinwtu, under side. (Milne-Kdwards.) 



The branchias are composed of cylindrical filaments, which are short 

 and close after the manner of a brush ; there are eighteen on each side 

 two above the second jaw-foot, three above the external jaw-foot, 

 three above the anterior foot, four above each of the succeeding feet 



