185 



PANDA. 



PANDANUS. 



138 



Teeth of Ailuriu. 



1, lateral view of the teeth of the upper jaw, as they are Been within. 2, the 

 name u* they are seen without. 3, lateral view of the teeth in the lower jaw, as 

 they appear within. 4, the same as they appear without. 5, Front teeth : a, 

 upper jaw ; b. lower jaw. (llardwicke, * Linn. Trans/) 



1 



Feet of At'iuus. 



1, Anterior foot, left ide ; 2, posterior foot, right side; 3, tale of one of the 

 terior feet, to show the hniry coveting. (llardwicke, ' Linn. Trans.') 



, 

 posterior f 



grinders, in which, although they are equally exposed to attrition, this 

 truncation is not observed. The margins bounding the truncated 

 point*, as ia shown in the drawing, are circumscribed and perfect, 

 exhibiting no signs of being worn down by attrition. In the disposi- 

 tion and even in the form of the teeth, our animal beam some 

 resemblance to the genera Natua and 1' roc yon ; but these differ 

 essentially in the lengthened form of the head, and in the extended 

 rostrum, which it terminated by a flexible rhinarium ; they also differ 



in the number, character, and distribution of the grinders. Nasua 

 and Procyon have in both jaws six grinders, of which the three 

 anterior are false grinders ; and of those which follow, none of the 

 points, even in the adult state, exhibit the truncation above described. 

 Our animal has only one false grinder with a compound crown, and 

 the four posterior grinders are large and highly complicated : the 

 first of these in the upper jaw corresponds with the fourth grinders in 

 Nasua and Procyon, and the points are attenuated and acute ; but 

 the posterior grinders are quite peculiar and characteristic in their 

 structure." 



Ailurut fnlfmi. (F. Cuvicr.) 



General Hardwicko states that this animal's haunts are about rivers 

 and mountain-torrents. It lives much in trees, and feeds on birds and 

 the smaller quadrupeds, and is frequently discovered by its loud cry 

 or call resembling the word Wha, often repeating the same. Hence 

 is derived one of the local names by which it is known. It is also 

 called the Chitwa. 



It is found in the Himalaya chain of hills between Nepaul and the 

 Snowy Mountains (Hardwicke, ' Linn. Trans.' vol. xv.). It ia in Mr. 

 Hodgson's Catalogue of the Animals observed in Nepaul (' Zool. Proc. , ' 

 1834). 



Cuvier declares the A ilunu to be one of the most beautiful of quad* 

 rupeds. He places Ailurtu among the Bears, between Procyon (Racoon) 

 and the Benturongs (Ictidei). J. B. Fischer arranges it between Gulo 

 (Glutton) and Arcticti* (F. CUT., Paradoxurus and Ictidei of F. Cuv. 

 and Valenciennes). 



PANDANA'CE/E, Screw-Pinet, a natural order of Endogenous 

 Plants. The species are arborescent or bushy plants, with long rigid 

 sword-shaped leaves, resembling those of the pineapple, usually 

 arranged in a manner so obviously spiral that they are commonly 

 called Screw-Pines. In a natural arrangement they are classed with 

 Endogens, among which they are, more especially in the genus Pan- 

 daniu. remarkable for their stems forking repeatedly. Their flowers 

 have the sexes separate, and quite covering the spadix on which they 

 grow. The male flowers consist of single stamens with 2-celled anthers ; 

 the females of naked 1 -celled ovaries, with solitary ascending or numer- 

 ous parietal ovules. The fruit consists of a mass of ovaries collected 

 into a tuberculated head, and either dry and fibrous or fleshy and 

 succulent. 



These plants chiefly abound in the Mascaren Islands and in the 

 Indian Archipelago, of which they form a conspicuous feature. The 

 species of Pandanut, Vaquois, or Screw-Pine, are readily known by 

 their spiral leaves, dichotomous habit, and the long roots emitted by 

 the sides of their trunk for the purpose of holding it down in the 

 loose sand among which they grow, in order to assist in wbich each 

 root is furnished with a partial exfoliation of the end, which, in the 

 form of a cup, adheres to the root, for the purpose, as is supposed, of 

 holding water during the period that the root is passing through the 

 dry air. The genus Freycinetia, on the contrary, is composed of plants 

 with long scrambling or rooting stems, not branching like Pandanui, 

 indeed seldom becoming what can be called a tree ; and, when in 

 flower, adorned with gaily coloured spathes from which the young 

 inflorescence protrudes. [PANDANUS.] Some of the species yield seeds 

 which arc- edible. The order contains 7 genera and 74 species. 



PA'NDANUS, a genus of Plants, the type of the natural order 

 Pandanactcc. This name is derived from the Malay Pandang, and 

 that of a genus of Plant*, from which the natural family of Panda- 

 nace(f, or Screw-Pine tribe, has derived its name, being so named from 

 their leaves, which resemble those of the pine-apple, and are inserted 

 spirally along the stem. The species are found in the islands of the 

 tropical ocean, in those of Mauritius and Bourbon, as well as in the 

 southern parts of India. One species, /'. odoratissimus, being highly 

 fragrant, is much esteemed in all Asiatic countries, either where it will 

 grow or where its essence is known. It is constantly referred to by 

 the Sanscrit poets, as may be seen in Wilson's ' Hindu Theatre,' by 

 the name Ketaka, and as the Keora and Ketgee of the Hindoos. The 

 Arabs call it Kazee, and Avicenna describes it under the name of 

 Armak. Oil impregnated with the odour of its flowers and the 



