PANUIOS. 



PANGOLINS. 



1-1 



both for their odour and their 



Dr. Rosborgh .* that it is the tender 



. Icon, of th> flower*, chiefly thoee of the male, which yield the 

 TOT delightful fragranoe for which this plant U so celebrated. Thia 

 liceommoa ui th penin*ula of India, where it is called Caldera 

 in Mauritius it, as well a* other species, U known as the Vaqnois 

 in Ouheite, specie* is called the Wham Tree, being in all 

 highly rVrrBv' for it* odour, as well a* for the useful purposes to 

 which it may b* applied. The lower pulpy part of the drupe* is 

 soonlimii eaten, aa i* also the terminal bud, like that of the cabbage- 

 palm, and likewBM the tender white base of the leaves, either raw or 

 Boiled, during time* of scarcity. It forms an excellent hedge, but 

 occupies too much apace. The root* are composed of tough fibres, 

 which are need by basket-makers to tie their work, and are soft enough 

 to be employed a* corks. The leaves are composed of tough longi- 

 tudinal fibres, white and glossy, a quality which adapts them for 

 eorering huU, making matting, as well as for cordage in the South Sea 

 j-y-m^t and in Mauritius for making sacks for their coffee, sugar, 

 and grain. 



PANDION. fFAtcosiDJt] 

 PANDORA. tPTU>Kn>*.J 



PANOIACK.K, Pmgiad*, a natural order of Diclinous Exogenous 

 Plant*. This order embraces three genera, the species of which are 

 frees with alternate iUlked entire leares, polypetalous axillary 

 OTBOMJomi flowers, with scales in the throat of those bearing pistils. 

 The stamens are fire, the seeds large and oily. Dr. Lindley says, 

 " What the distinction U between these plants and Papayads, except 

 that the last are mooopetalous, and have no faucial scales in the ? 

 flowers, H is hard to say." 



The species are found in the hotter part* of India. They are all 

 " BOO*. The natives of India employ extensively in medicine the 

 of Qf*C*rdi* odorala, which are known by the name of 

 and Petarkura. The genus Jfydnocarptu, formerly 

 referred to Flaevmrti***, belongs to this order. [FLACOUBTIACM.] 

 (Lindley. Vtgttabtt Kingdom.) 



PANGOLINS, a name in common use to designate the Scaly Ant- 

 Eaten, aaid to be derived from the word Pangoeliug, which signifies 

 in the Javanese language, according to Seba, an animal which rolls 



itself into the form of a ball. The BengaleM name U Badjorkita, or 

 'reptile of atone.' These animals form the genus Manit of Linnnus. 



The Pangolins are toothless, and furnished with a very extensible 

 tongue; but their tegumentary covering is Tory different, for their 

 body, limbs, and tail are clad in a panoply consisting of great trenchant 

 scales overlapping each other like tiles, so as to form a sort of scale- 

 armour when the animal is on it* feet When it is vigorously attacked, 

 and often on the first approach of danger, it rolls itself up in the shape 

 of a ball ; and then the trenchant scale* are erected, and offer their 

 sharp edges to the enemy. 

 The species are found in Asia and Africa, 



The following are the principal points in their organisation : The 

 skull is a more or less elongated cone, with the base rounded. Orbit* 

 small, round, occupying nearly one-half of its length, and situated 

 towards the lower parts of its aides : they are consequently very 

 much separated from each other. The zygomatic arches ara incoui- 

 >lete, and nearly on a level with the palate. The bones of the nose are 

 lotched on their inferor border, and enter above into a notch formed 

 the frontal bones. The articulation of these with the maxillary 

 tones descends obliquely to the orbit, and is continued in the same 

 direction with the palatine bone. The maxillary bone does not enter 

 into the orbit ; it terminates at the point where it gives off its 

 zygomatic apophysis, which is short and pointed. 



The skull of Manii letradaclyla (Linn.), Manit macrou.ru (ErxL), the 



'hatagin of BufTon, differs from the description above in being more 



slender, and also presents the singularity of having, where the 



achrymal bone should be, a great oval piece without any hole, which, 



Juvier believes, belongs to the ethmoid bone. 



In the extremities there is a general resemblance of the skeleton in 

 the Hairy Ant-Eaters [ANT-EATER] and the Pangolins; but there are 

 particular differences, as in the scapula, &c., some of which we shall 

 lotice. Both of these groups ore remarkable for the great size of the 

 ower part of the humerus, produced especially by the projection of 

 in' internal condyle destined for the attachment for the powerful 

 lexers which work the claws. In the Hairy Ant-Eaters the head of 

 ;he radius is nearly as round as it is in man and the Quadrumanes, 

 aaving a very complete rotatory power ; but it is not so in the Pangolins, 

 which have the articulation of this part by the method termed 

 jinglymus. The orbit and radios are both robust, and are constructed 



(Ctrirr.) 



Eril.). 

 abort ; , ** fro*) Mew ; r, seen from behind ; f, prolli 



*, Fure foot of Pangolin ; b, hind foot of the ramc. (Corier.) 



