I'HAKKLLOPLEURA. 



PHARMACOL1TE. 



MO 



I oo iU edge*, inclined toward* the tad, pointed ; nostrils 

 linear, ooreml by a naked membrane ; face feathered ; feet very ihort ; 

 winn low ; fimt quill the longest; tail shott, excepting two Terr loug 



A^Hilr jail faaltlal* 



P. oriermu. Linn., the Tropic Bird of Catesby, Sloane, and others. 

 TlM following is Catesbv's description : 



" Thi bird U about the size of partridge, and hai very long wings ; 

 the bill U rod, with an angle under the lower inaudible, like tboee of 

 the nil kind, of which it U a species ; the eye* are encompaassed with 

 bUek, which end* in a point towardi the back of the head ; three or 

 four of the larger quill-feather* towardi their end* are black tipped 

 with white ; all the rest of the bird U white, except the back, which 

 i* variegated with curred line* of black ; the leg* and feet are of a 

 rermilioa red; the toe* are webbed; the tail consul* of two long 

 straight narrow feather* almost of equal breadth from their quill* to 

 ... ..,,.-. 



. 



" Tbeee bird*," say* the *ame author, " are rarely seen but between 

 the tropic*, at the remotest diitaoce from land. Their name seems to 

 imply the limit* of their abode ; and though they are seldom seen but 

 a few degree* north or couth of either tropic, yet oue of their breeding- 

 places i* almost nine degree* from the northern tropic, namely, at 

 Bermuda*; where, from the high rock* that environ those islands, I 

 hare shot them at the time of their breeding ; but those cliffs being 

 inaccessible, prerentod my teeing their neite and eggs. They breed 

 also in great number* on some little island* at the east end of Porto 

 Rico." 



There wa* a specimen in Tradescant's Museum. 



Tropic Bird (Phaeton 



F. pJuaucun*. Length from the extremity of the bill to the origin 

 of the tail, 13 inches 8 lines; of the bill from the point to the com- 

 missure, S inch** 8 lines; breadth across the expanded wing*, 31 

 inch**. Length of the tail, 5 inches ; of one lengthened tail-feather 

 (brin) taken at the extremity of the tail, 7 inches 6 lines; of the 

 second and .mailer long tail-feather (brin) taken from it* origin, 6 

 famhea. Ten Uil-feathers, without counting tsV long one, which at ila 

 origin is enlarged like the other feathers ; the tail forms a fan. Feet, 

 taken from the leg to the toes, 3 inches. Legs white, with a light 

 bluUh tint in some place*; web* partly black, that between the hind 

 to* pal* flesh-colour slightly glased with white. Bill red, denticulated; 

 nostrils near the origin of the bill, rather large, presenting forwards a 

 canal which scarcely extend* to the middle of it* length, and of a 

 Uacklih tint. Plumage satin-white; in front of the eyes a large 

 brown spot. The anal feathers prseent a great black pot in their 

 eeajtre, as well a* some of the feathers which approach the body. The 

 long tail-feathers (brin*) an red, the unalleit being of the deepeit hue. 

 The shaft* of the greater quill-feathers, of the tail-feathers, and the 

 long tail-feather* (brin*), are black, but towards the extremity they 

 are white. ('Manuel.') 



I'HAKELLOPLEU'RA. the Her. Lansdown Ouilding 1 * name for a 

 genu* of Chitons, with rather small dorsal plates, and the fleshy cone 

 ornamented with a broad tingle row of elongated spiculste fascicua 

 OWw/ucKWaru i* an example of thi* genus. fCHlTOJUDJLl 



rilALA< |!"<:I>KAX. [PKitcAniD*] 



PHAL.KNA, one of tlio three Linnssui genera of Lepidopterou* 

 I"" "Is. It corresponded to the dirinion .Voc'urno in the arrangement 

 of Latrrill*. It included the Night-Moth.. The AUfapJMH* now 

 distributed among many genera, all of which form part of the division 

 fftknctra in M. fioisdural's arrangement of Ltpidopltro. 



PHALA'NOER. [MARSUMATA.] 



PHALANOI'STA. [MABSDPUTA.] 



1'IIALANX. [SKELKTOS.] 



I'll A'LARIS, a genu* of Grasses, of which the seed of one of the 

 pecies it extensively employed as food for birds, and commonly known 

 as Canary seed. The species of the genus are found in warm parts of 

 the world ; but P. Canaririui*, a native of the Canary Islands, is 

 naturalised in Europe, and is the only one which is cultivated. The 

 seed is imported into the south of Europe from Barbary. It is also 

 cultivated in the Isle of Thouet and some other parts of Kent It is 

 sown in February and reaped about the end of September ; but being 

 a plant of southern climates, and late in ripening its teed, it is an 

 uncertain crop. The produce it from thirty to forty bushel* per acre, 

 but sometimes even fifty bushels are obtained. 



PHA'LAROPUS. [ScoLOPACiDJ!.] 



PHA'LERIS. [AUK.] 



PHALLUS, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order Fungi 

 and the division Angiogastrct. [QASTEHOMTCETES.] In this genus the 

 peridium assumes the form of a volva, and the column-like receptacle 

 af the other forms becomes here a stipes, which is surmounted with a 

 rudimentary pileus. 



The species, which are sometimes called Stinkhorns, are solitary 

 fungi, growing frequently on wood, and not uncommonly on ordinary 

 soil. They frequently come up in great numbers after rain. All the 

 species emit, whilst growing, a most disgusting odour. They are 

 however very curious in their structure, and will well repay examina- 

 tion. In their early stages of growth they are enveloped in a white 

 volva, which gives them the appearance of an egg. In this state it 

 remains for two or three days, during which time the cells arrange 

 themselves into the ultimate forms which they assume. When fully 

 formed they suddenly burst the volva, and in six or eight hours 

 attain their greatest development Bulliard asserts that this 

 bunting is sometimes attended with a report at loud as that of a 

 pistol 



P. faticku, the Stinking Phallus, is a common species in England. 

 Although this fungus gives out but little scent in its young stage, 

 directly it bursts the smell becomes intolerable. The summit is then 

 covered with a dark green viscid slime, which is at first of a consider- 

 able thickness, but in a few hours it liquefies and drops off, and a 

 cellular structure on the surface of the cap is then exposed. This 

 slimy substauce, which is the seat of the odour of the plant, also con- 

 tains the sporidia. Disagreeable as is the odour of this plant, it is 

 more so at first than afterwards, and at a short distance from the 

 plant than close to, and persons have overcome all feelings of 

 dislike to it Some have even gone so far as to eat it, and have 

 pronounced it as not disagreeable. 



(Burnett, Outline* of Botany.) 



PHANERO'QAMOUS. [PH^KOOAMOHS.] 



PHANEROTI'NUS, a genus of Fossil Gasteropoda, from the 

 Mountain-Limestone of England and Ireland. (Sowerby.) 



PHAPa [COLUMBIDi.] 



PHARBITIS, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Uunvoltuiacrce. It has 5 sepals, a campanulate funnel-shaped corolla, 

 1 style, a capitate granular stigma, a 3 celled rarely 4 -celled ovary, and 

 2-seeded cell*. The species of this genus are easily distinguished from 

 others of the same order. They are mostly climbing American herbs, 

 usually besot with retrograde hairs. 



P. Nil has twining annual round hairy branches, and stem stalked ; 

 3-lobed downy leaves ; axillary peduncles, from 2- to 3-flowcred. The 

 flowers large, of a beautiful light bright blue-colour ; the capsule is 

 much shorter than the calyx, smooth, 3-celled, with two seeds in each 

 cell. The seeds are sold in the apothecaries' shops of Calcutta under 

 the name of ' Kala Dana,' and are said to act as a purgative and an 

 effectual speedy cathartic. They are roasted like coffee, powdered, and 

 administered in doses of from 30 to 40 grains. It is a native of the 

 tropics in every part, and in the South Sea Islands. There are 

 about 15 species of this genus, but the one described is the only one 

 of use. 



(Lindley, flora Medita.) 



PHARMACOLITE, a Mineral consisting of Arseniate of Lime ; it 

 occurs crystallised and fibrous, and there is a variety, called Haidinge- 

 rite, which differs in crystalline form and composition. 



The primary form of Pharmacolite is on oblique rhombic prism. 

 Cleavage parallel to the oblique diagonals of the terminal planes. 

 Fracture uneven. Hardness 2'0 to 2'5 ; easily scratched. Colour white. 

 Lustre vitreous. Transparent; translucent; opaque. Specific gravity 

 2-640 to 2-8. 



Fitirmu Pharmacolite occurs in white diverging needles and small 

 globular and botryoidal masses, which are frequently coloured by 

 arseniate of cobalt 



When heated by the blowpipe, Pharmacolite emits the alliaceous 

 smell, and fuses with difficulty into a white enamel ; it dissolves in 

 nitric acid and without effervescence. 



This mineral is found at Andreasberg in the Harz, and in Thuringia, 

 and at Wittichen, near FUrstenberg in Germany, and some other 

 i : 



The Pharmacolite of Wittichen was analysed by Klaproth, and that 

 of Andreasberg by John. The results were 



