:u 1'IVUS. 



the climate of which country b particularly suited to it, the tree* 

 often acquire a great aiie, end highly picturesque appearance. It is 

 bowevw a**erUd that the quality of its timber ie much deteriorated 

 >j frrhig grown in warm dwtricU. In England it is chiefly valued as 

 nur*o to other Uwe, for which it* hardiness and rapid growth render 

 It well adapted. It forms an excellent screen in exposed sandy situa- 

 tion, where no other tree will thrive. Many varieties are known, of 

 which ea account will be found in London's < Arboretum Britannicum ;' 

 of these the Pine of Haguenau, a village on the Rhine, a said to be the 

 moet important 



2. P. Pnmilio, the Dwarf Pine. Trunk prostrate, dwarfish. Leaves 

 2. abort, stiff, glaucous. Cone* ovate, spreading, sessile, with depressed 

 truncated Male*. A small mountain species from the midland parts 

 nf Europe. IU timber to of no importance ; in bet, from its small size, 

 it can scarcely be said to yield any. It is probably an alpine form of 



n Mffl^^to^tt. 



8. P. wKMWrfo, the Hooked Pine. Trunk erect Leaves 2, short, 

 dark green. Cones oval, recurved, sessile, with pyramidal, recurved, 

 truncated, or mucronated scales. A fine alpine tree, from the Pyrenees, 

 and other European mountains, on the upper cone of vegetation, above 

 /'. rylraira. It U extremely valuable for its hardness and the great 

 durability of it* timber. The P. Mughut is apparently the same plant 



4. P. ramtwto, the Red Pine. Trunk erect, lofty. Leaves 2, long, 

 of a fight somewhat glaucous green colour. Cones ovate-oblong, very 

 obtuse, shorter than the leaves, pendulous, with rugged, rounded, 

 truncated acales. A red-barked tree of large size from the northern 

 parts of North America. The wood is fine-grained and of close texture, 

 and is highly esteemed in Canada for strength and durability. In 

 appearance the specie* bear some resemblance to P. Laricio. 



6. P. Jfalrprtuii, the Aleppo Pine. Trunk slender, erect Leaves 2, 

 long, slender, light green. Cones ovate, stalked, solitary, very regular 

 in form, with depressed truncated scales. A beautiful species, found 

 wild in the western parts of Europe, from Genoa to Constantinople, 

 and also throughout Syria. It grows fast, and is at once known by its 

 fine light-green foliage ; but its wood is not of much value, and it bears 

 the climate of England with impatience. 



6. P. Bntttia, the Calabrian Pine. Trunk erect Leaves 2, slender, 

 lax, pale green, very long. Cones sessile, in dense clusters, ovate, 

 acute, very regular and even, with depressed truncated scales. A very 

 handsome tree, inhabiting Calabria, and said to yield timber of excel- 

 lent quality. It is very like the Aleppo Pine, but its cones are sessile 

 and clustered, and it is much more hardy. 



7. P. Banktiana, the Banks Pine. Trunk low, scrubby and strag- 

 gling. Leave* 2, divaricating, oblique. Cones ovate, acuminate, horn- 

 like, curved, erect, in pairs, gray, with rounded depressed truncated 

 scales. An ugly tree, from the most southern parts of North America, 

 where it to called the Scrub Pine and the Gray Pine. Its timber seems 

 to be of little value, except for the construction of canoes, for which 

 it* lightlies* and toughness render it well adapted. 



8. P. Pyremaica, the Pyrenean Pine. Trunk erect Leaves 2, long, 

 fine, bright green, clustered at the end of the branches. Cones ovate 

 drooping, shorter than the leaves, with roundish truncated scales. A 

 Kpaninh plant, inhabiting the Sierra de Scgura, above the limits o: 

 the Aleppo Pine, on the Pyrenees, and elsewhere. Its timber is saic 

 to be of excellent quality and to have been used largely in the Spanish 

 marine. It to reported to be a majestic species, and to be called by tin 

 Pyrenean peasant* Pin Nazaron. It U the P. Bitpanica of som 



' : - 



9. P. Pallatiana, the Pallas Pine. Trunk erect, with horizontal 

 branches when old. Leave* 2, dark green, very long, and stiff. Cones 

 curved, horizontal, ovate-oblong, as long as the leaves, with roundisl 

 truncated scale*. A fine tree from the central parts of the Crimea, 

 with the habit* of the Pinaster. Wood resinous and durable, bu 

 difficult to form into good planks on account of being unusually knotty 

 The resin is stated to be very pleasant to the smell. 



10. P. /'into, the Stone Pine. Trunk erect ; when old, flat-headed 

 Leave* 2, long, stiff, dork -green ; when the plant to very young, smal 

 and glaucous. Cone* roundish, polished, with rounded truncate 

 scale*. Seed* large, oblong, with a very short wing. An inhabitan 

 of the southern part* of Europe and the Levant, where the wood i 

 often used in ship-building, and the seeds, which are large and lik 

 nut*, are eaten. 



11. P.A<utriaea, the Black Pine. Trunk erect, with horizontal 

 branch** when old. Leave* 2, dark-green, glossy, straight, stiff, from 

 8 to 6 inches long. Cone* conical, horizontal, shorter than the 

 leave*, polished, and pale-brown. It is found among the rocks and 

 precipice* of Southern Germany, and derive* it* name from the pecu- 

 liarly dark colour of the foliage. The most sterile soil to said to suit 

 it The timber is reported to be valuable, but coarse ; and to resist 

 alternate drynew and moisture better than the larch. 



12. P. Laricio, the Conican Pine. Trunk very erect and toll 

 Leave* in pain, long, deep green, distant, rather loose. Cone* ovate, 

 bortotnUL shorter than the leave., with roundish rugged truncated 

 oalea. A noble tree, from the mountain* of Corsica, Greece, Turkey, 

 and Spain. It grows faster than any other known specie*, and pro 



*\t **nVu. .!mi1 n I.. , _1.i... i 1 11 1 l ___ I ,,1 



PINUS. 



858 



duos* excellent timber, limilar in quality to red deal, but more brittle 

 and leu eliutic. The French UM it extensively in ship-building. The 

 tree u now becoming common in thin country. 



Scale* of Cone* spiny at apex. 



18. P. Pinaiter, the Cluster Pine. Trunk lofty, erect. Leaves 2, 

 ong, stiff, dark green. Cones clustered, recurred, conical, shorter 

 iian the leaves, with pyramidal scales terminated by a small rigid 

 pine. A noble species, inhabiting the most sterile sandy plains of 

 'ranee and Southern Europe, especially along the coast Its timber 



soft, light, coarse, and only fit for Tory common purposes ; but it 

 fiords a large quantity of resin and tar, and is much consumed in 

 he manufacture of lampblack. It is this species that has been so 

 uccessfully employed in fixing the loose drifting sand of the barren 

 >lains of some parts of France. 



14. P. pungent, the Prickly Pine. A large tree. Leaves 2, short, 

 ompact, pale green. Cones ovate, clustered, drooping, longer than 



the leaves, with hard pyramidal scales terminated by a stiff strong 

 pine. A native of Virginia and North Carolina. The timber seems 

 if no value. The aspect of the tree is something like that of the 



Scotch Pine, but it is paler. Its cones hang on the branches for 

 nauy years. 



15. P. miiit, the Yellow Pine. A fine tree. Leaves 2, long, slender, 

 lark green. Cones ovate, pendulous, shorter than the leaves, with 

 depressed roundish scales, armed with a small spine. Young shoots 

 violet. A common inhabitant of the pine-forests of North America, 

 as far north as Connecticut and Massachusetts. Its timber is of great 

 value for domestic and naval architecture, provided the sapwood, 

 which is very perishable, is first removed. It is regarded as a most 

 durable timber in this country. In America it ranks next in quality 

 to the P. Australis, or Southern Pine. P. variabilii is one of its 

 garden names. 



16. P. inopt, the Jersey Pine. A low gnarled tree. Leaves 2, dark- 

 jreen, from 2 to 3 inches long. Cones recurved, ovate-oblong, straight, 

 .onger than the leaves, with spiny spreading scales. Young shoots 

 violet. A native of the more southern states of the American union. 

 Its timber is of little use except for fuel. In this country it is usually 

 a miserable-looking species, evidently unsuited to the climate. Like 

 the Banks Pine, it ia called Scrub Pine in the United States. 



o. Leaves in threes. 

 * Scales of Cones spineless at apex. 



17. P. tineruit, the Chinese Pine. A large tree. Leaves 3, slender, 

 deep green, serrulated. Cones ovate, brownish, on short stalks, with 

 flattened truncate unarmed scales. Native of China. Very little ia 

 known of it, except from Chinese drawings. It only exists in the 

 garden of Mr. Wells, of Kedleaf, near Tunbridge, where it is found 

 to be ' tolerably hardy.' 



18. P. imignit, the Noble Pine. Leaves 3, gross-green, a little wavy, 

 irregularly arranged, longer than the cones. Cones ovate, bright 

 brown, obtuse, with rounded depressed obtuse scales, the lowermost 

 of which are longer than the others, and more or less hooked back. 

 A beautiful species, native of California, remarkable for its bright 

 dense grass-green foliage. Nothing is known of its native habit. It 

 is rather too tender for the latitude of London. 



19. P. Canariauit, the Canary Pine. Trunk stout, erect Leaves 3, 

 very long, rough-edged, wavy, grass-green. Cones oblong, woody, 

 5 or 6 inches long, with prominent large pyramidal straight-scales, 

 terminated by a hard blunt callosity. A native of the mountains of 

 Teneriffe and Canary, where it forms large forests, and often acquires 

 an enormous size. The timber is said to be very resinous and 

 durable. The species is too tender for England. 



20. P. Ocott, or Teocott, the Ocote Pine. Leaves 3, wavy, rough, light- 

 green. Cones obtuse at the base, ovate, smooth, with pyramidal- 

 angular blunt scales. A Mexican plant, of which little is known. It 

 is found on Monte Orizaba, and near Keal del Monte, and forms a tree 

 100 feet high. 



21. P. patula, the Sproading-Leaved Pine. Leaves 3, very slender, 

 spreading. Cones ovate, oblong, polished, with small angular trun- 

 cated prominent scales. Native of Mexico. A lofty tree, with leaves 

 8 or 9 inches long. It occurs in the northern provinces of Mexico. 



*.* Scales of Cones spiny at the apex. 



22. P. atalralit, or P. paliulrit, the Southern Pine. Trunk erect, 

 very cylindrical, and stiff. Leaves 3, very long, grass-green, clustered 

 at the ends of the branches. Cones ovate-oblong, 7 or 8 inches long, 

 with depressed scales, armed in the middle with a small prickle. A 

 native of Virginia and the neighbouring states of America to the 

 south, where it acquires the height of from 60 to 70 feet Its timber 

 is of excellent quality. 



23. P. Ttfda, the Frankincense Pine. Trunk lofty, straight Leaves 

 3, pale-green, stout, straight Cones curved, oblong, the length of 

 the leaves, with compressed woody prominent scales, armed with a 

 sharp point A tree said to acquire the height of 80 feet, in the 

 barrens of Florida and Virginia, but not much known in England, 

 where it seldom thrives. 



24. P. rimda, the Pitch Pine. Trunk lofty, straight, much 

 branched. Leaves 3, of variable lengths. Cones clustered, sessile, 

 ovate, with rugged compressed pyramidal scales, terminated by a small 

 hooked spine. Found in poor soil in most parts of the United States, 



and even inhabiting salt-marshes overflowed by the sea. 

 25. P. terotina, the Pond Pine. Trunk much branched. 



l.ruvr- H, 



