PIPER 



PIPRIN.K. 



HI 



gr.yUh.wbiU colour, varying to yellow, with a loss powerful odour 

 aod tsflU than tho block. 



< ft a 



I, riftr mifrw. a, portion of the spike of Piprr aromalicum ; a, a section 

 of its fruit ; c, Its embryo. 



P. Belle, Linn., and P. Siriboa, Linn. The leaves of these two species 

 are extensively used by the natives of the East Indies, and lately of 

 the West, to chew along with the nut of the Areca Catecku and quick- 

 lime, u a restorative of the powers of the stomach and promoter of 

 digestion. It U capable however of producing, like some other species 

 of Piper, intoxicating effects, and should be used in moderation. 



(Curtis, Botanical Magazine, t. 3132.) 



ril'KK,* Fish. [TRIULA.] 



I'lI'KKA'CE.K, a small natural order of incomplete Exogenous 

 Ilaata, composed of climbing or creeping plants with alternate or 

 opposite eutipulate leaves, jointed stems, and spiked naked flowers 

 consisting of an ovary containing a single erect ovule, and of from 

 two to an indefinite number of stamens. The fruit, when ripe, is 

 more or less fleshy, indehiscent, and contains a single seed filled with 

 albumen, on the outside of which, inclosed in a vitelliu, is a minute 

 embryo. Jussieu originally regarded these plants as members of the 

 L'rticaceous order ; but afterwards separated them, in which he hag 

 been followed by all botanists. There is however some difference of 

 opinion as to their class, some regarding them as Exogens, and others 

 as Endogens. The general properties of the order are aromatic, as in 

 the peppers of the shops. [Pi mi ] 



PIPILLO. [TAHAORISA] 



PIPING CROW. [BARITA.] 



PIPIT. [A*Tiio.] 



PIITI'L-TKKK. [Ficcs.] 



PII'KA. [Pn-Bijcji] 



PI 'PKIU.fi, the name given to a family of Dcntirottret, by Mr. 

 Vigors. 



ft Lemon, who adopts Mr. Vigors's family, makes the Piprida; con 

 sis* of the genera Rupicola and Calyptomena [KuricoLiN.t:], Pipra, 

 Pardaloha, and Pac/iycti/iala. 



Mr. Swaiiwon does not admit the family Piprida. but he makes the 

 Piprina a sub-family of the Ampelidn. f PiJ-RUiJt] 



I'l I'Kl'N.t:, Mr. Swainson's name for the Manskins, which he makes 

 a sub-family of the family Ampelitltr, Fruit- Eaters, or Chatterers, and 

 thus characterises : Size small Feet lengthened, slender, weak 

 Bill very short : the upper mandible much curved. 



Mr. Sw.inson is of opinion that the Piprina, called Manakius from 

 their diminutive sire, which is seldom larger than that of a torn-tit 

 constitute the sub typical group of this family. 



Pkanieireiu, Pi,ra (with its sub genus Netopia), Calyptura, and 

 Pardmtdnt, are the genera arranged by Mr. Swainson under this sub 

 family. 



Pkmicircta (8w.). Size and habit of A mptlit. Bill small, rather 

 weak. Wings very short, convex, rounded : the three first quills 

 narrow, and of equal length ; the fourth much shorter, and ending 

 in a point. Tail broad, even. Feet short, strong ; tors syndactyle 

 tarsi feathered, on their inner side only, as far as the toes; cUw 

 strong, curved. (8w.) 



P. eurmtftx (AmpelU can>ife.r. Linn.) it flrered, with A bright red 

 cap; back red-brown; breatt blood-red; tail f-athors purple, termi 



nated by ruddy-black. Female reddish ; abdomen ochraceous ; front 

 reddish. 



The Caraibs designate this magnificent bird by the names Arara and 

 Apira. It is a native of Brazil, Guyana, and Surinam. 



Fhanicircut camifrz. 



Pipra (Linn.). Size very small. Bill weak ; the upper mandible 

 bent over the lower, which is flattened and nearly straight; notch 

 small Wings more or less rounded. Toil short, even. Toes 

 syndactyle. 



P. itrigilaia. Male tho size of a wren ; a patch or cap of fire- 

 colour covers the head ; all the upper part of the body uniform grass- 

 green ; all the lower parts yellow striated with brown ; bill brownish ; 

 feet yellowish. ' 



Female. Not differing from the male, except in the absence of the 

 red cap on the head. 



It is found in Brazil. 



P. aureola. Red ; back, wings, and tail, block ; throat yullow. It 

 is found in Guyana. 



rifrn aureola. 



Sfetopia (Sw.). Front with nn elevated compressed crest. Wiugs 

 lengthened, very broad. Tail broad, lengthened, rounded. (Sw.) 



IU. galtata (Pipra yaleala, Licht). Black. Frontal crest, directed 

 forwards over the culmcn of the bill, rich crimson, which colour is 

 also continued over the head and back of the neck ; feet and legs 

 reddish-brown. It is a native of Brazil. 



Calyptui-a (Sw.). Bill short, strong, robust, shrike-like ; the nioV 

 somewhat Ribbons ; the notch deep and tooth-like. I'nder mandible 

 strong. Wings short, rounded. Tail remarkably small, almost con- 

 cealed. Feet lengthened, slender, toes syndactyle. (Sw.) 



C. criilata. Crown red ; upper parts brownish or olivaceous green ; 

 rump yellow ; throat and breast yellowish ; abdomen brighter yellow ; 

 feet and legs black. It is a native of Brazil 



Pardalotui (Vieill). Bill as in Calyptura. Wings long, pointed ; 

 the first three quills of equal length. Tail short, even. Feet strong ; 

 lateral toes free and equal. (Sw.) 



/'. punctattu. Male gray above, undulated with yellow ; hca-t and 

 wings black, dotted with white ; a white line above the eye ; ruuip 



