I 



POLYPIFKRA. 



POLYI'IPKIl \. 



409 



Transitional Group. Pttndo-CiUini<l<r. 



Corallum coropo.it*, with a highly developed ipongy or cellulose, 

 echinuUt*, ilermio otanenchyma ; postal apparatus rudimentary ; 

 wall* imperforate, and never invading the vu end cavity. Septal 

 apparatua well developed ; dissepiment* few in number. 



Gen. Madras, Stytopliorn, ZWroci*, Amacit. 



Family 3. Aitrtidtr. 



Corallum composite, or limple, circumscribed by imperforated 

 wall*, and o(len increasing by fiuiparity. Corallitee becoming tall by 

 the progress of their growth, each individual, or aerie* of individual*, 

 well defined, and separated from the other* by perfect walls ; cconen- 

 chyma not existing, or being formed either by the development of 

 the cost* and their desaepimenta, or by the epithecal tissue alone, 

 and not forming a compact mas* a* in the cul>nid<r. The visceral 

 chamber never obliterated inferiorly by the growth of the walls, but 

 subdivided and more or lea* completely closed up by the interseptal 

 dissepiment*. which are in general very abundant ; never any synap- 

 Uculie like thoM of the Fungidir. 



First Tribe. Kurmilina. 



Septa completely developed and entire (that is to say, with their 

 apical margin neither lobate nor denticulate) ; costre always unarmed ; 

 columella often compact, or even stylifonn. 



Section 1. Etumilitur Proprta. 



Corallum simple or composite, and in that case formed by distinct 

 coralliteo, affecting an arborescent disposition ; fasciculate, or presenting 

 a linear arrangement ; free laterally, at least in a great part of their 

 length, and never having their calices blended together. Reproduction 

 usually fiatiparous in the compound species. 



Gen. Cytteotmtlia, Placomilia, Trochnsmilia, Parcumilia, Ctrlo- 

 MI/HI, Loplkotmilia, Diploclenium, Montlivaltia, Ptplotmilia, Axo- 

 tmilia, t'tumilia, Aplomilia, Leptotmilia, Thecotmilia, Barytmilia, 

 Dtudrotmilia, Stylontilia, PlacopkyUia. 



Section 2. Etumilirwe Conjluentet. 



Corallum composite, and presenting no separation between the 

 corallitea ; united in rows, so as to assume a meandriform disposition ; 

 multiplication essentially fissiparous. 



Oen. ClenopliyUia, Dendngyra, Rhipidogyra, Pachygyra, Pkrogyra. 



Section 3. Evsmilinte Aggregala. 



Corallum composite and massive, in which the corallitea are not 

 arranged in aerie* ; and although remaining quite distinct, are united 

 together by their walls, by a costal ccenenchyma, or by mural annular 

 expansion** 



Gen. Stylina, Si yloccenia, Aitroccenia, Steplianocania, Phyllocania, 

 Diduxxnia, Jleleroctrnia. 



Section 4. Etamilinae Immeria. 



Corallum composite ; corallites disposed as in the preceding section, 

 but imbedded in an epithecal cellular tissue, and not united by costal 

 lamina; or mural annular expansions ; gemmation lateral and basal ; 

 reproduction never fiaiparous. 



Genus Sarcinula. 



Second Tribe. Aitreina. 



Septa having their upper edge tabulated, dentate, or armed with 

 spine*, and often imperfect uear their inner edge. Costa) also spinu- 

 IOM, dentate, or crenulate, but never forming simple cristo, as is 

 often the case in Jfutmiiina. Columella in general spongy, rarely 

 lamellar, and never atyliform ; corallum in general massive. 



Section 1. Aitreina J/irta. 



Corallnm simple or composite, and then formed by perfectly 

 delineated corallite* ; produced by fisaiparity, or by calicular gemma- 

 tion. [MADREI-HTU.KEA.] 



Gen. CaryopkyUia,Circopl>yUia, ThecOf.hyllia, lMbopkyUia,Symphyllia, 

 tftttoplyUia, Sunomia, CWamopAyttta, Datyphyllia, Colvpkyllia, 

 ut, Lalomeandra, TridacophyUia, TraehyphyUia, Atpiducus, 



Section 2. Attrtintr Conjlumlet. 



Corallum massive, increasing by fissiparity, formed by a series of 

 coralliu*, the individuality of which is not distinct The calices, 

 thus united in a common trench, have their septa arranged in a 

 parallel manner in two lines, and the columella, when existing in 

 continuous in the whole length of the aerie*. [MABBKPHVLLKEA.] 



Oen. Mtamlrina, Manicma, Diploria, Leptoria, Caloria. Aitroria, 



Section 3. Aitrtintt JJmdroida. 

 Corallum alway* increaaing by lateral gemmation ; the coraliitec 

 fgng^tf, and having an arbonsoant or fusciculate arrangement; septa 

 U*rini? P-jf* 1 d * U<mt<l)r ""***' th 110 of "> 1'rincipal cycla always 

 Oo. Ctadocora, Plnrotora. 



Section 4. AUrtina Ayyregala. 



Corallum componiu, mamive, increasinit by gemmation or by fissi- 

 nly, and in that caw not presenting a linear mode of arrangement 

 the ooralUtc*. which are always completely united laterally but 



remain well-defined, and never loae their individuality a* in the 

 confluent Aitreina. [MxDBEl'HTLLIdA.] 



Oen. AUrta, CyphaHrea, Ottlatlna, PUriattna, Leptatlrea, Soltruif 

 trea, Phymattna, AUrmdet, PtnmaHrta, Xideratlrta, Saryattna, 

 Acanlluutrca, Symutrea, Thamntutrea, Oonuulna, ApkMtrea, Paraitrea, 



Section 5. Aitrein<e Reptante*. 



Corallum increasing by the development of buds on stolons, or on 

 membraniform basal expansions; the corallites not united by their 

 side*, excepting accidentally by means of their walls, and remaining 

 short ; septa feebly denticulated ; disiepiments almost rudimentary. 



Gen. Angia, Cryptangia, ffliizanyia, Attranyia, Phyllangia, Oulanyia. 



Aberrant Group. Pmdo-AHreida. 



Corallum composite, thin, and foliaceous, and increasing by extra- 

 calicular gemmation; corallites short, well-circumscribed and dispersed 

 on the surface of a common lamellar plate ; cconenchyma echinulata ; 

 septa well-developed, very echinulate ; dissepiments not numerous ; no 

 synapticulffi ; common basal wall iui perforate, sub-costulate, and naked. 



Genus Echinopora. 



Transitional Group. Ptcvdo-Fumgida. 



Corallum composite and foliaceous, having a perforated plate or basal 

 wall (as in Pungida), and iuteneptal dissepiments (as in Attnida). 

 Calices forming rudimentary series, separated by lobes or ridges. No 

 synapticulee. 



Genus Merulina. 



Family 4. Funyida. 



Corallum simple or composite, very short and expanding, so as to 

 constitute a disc or foliaceous lamina. Calioe very shallow, and open 

 laterally in simple species, confluent, and not circumscribed in the 

 compound species ; septa not distinct from the coate, and formed by 

 complete, imperforate lamina), with the edges dentate, and the sides 

 covered with stiliform or echinulate processes, which in general meet 

 go as to constitute numerous synapticulte, or transverse prop*, extend- 

 ing across the loculi like the bars of a grate; no dissepiment* or 

 tabula;, so that no part of the visceral chamber is completely closed ; 

 walls basal, in general porous. The compound specie* increase by sub- 

 marginal gemmation, and not by fissiparity. 



First Tribe. CyeloUtitue. 



Corallum simple; plate or basal wall having a well developed 

 epitheca, presenting concentric folds. [M.vuitKriiu.: 

 Gen. Cyclolita, Palceocychu. 



Second Tribe. Fwtgina. 



Corallum simple or composite; plate or basal wall without an 

 epitheca, in general strongly echinulate and porous. [MADRKPII YLI.KEA.] 



Gen. Pungia, Mierabacia, Anabaeia, Qenabacia, ffrrpelMa, Orypta- 

 bacia, Jjalomitra, Podobacia, Lithactmia, Polypkyllia, ZoopUu*. 



Third Tribe. Lophoterincr. 



Plate (or basal wall) not perforate or echinulate ; no epitheca. 

 Gen. Cycloterit, Diaterit, Troehourii, Oyalhoteru, Lopkottru, Ago- 

 ricia, Pacliytcru, P/iylltutrea, HaUaerit, Leptoterit. 



Sub-Order 2. Xoantharia Perforata. 



Corallum composed essentially of porous sclerenchyma, with the 

 septnl apparatus well characterised, and consisting of six primiiiv<> 

 elements, but being sometimes represented only by series of tabiculsj. 

 Dissepiments rudimentary ; no tabulrc. 



The principal character of this section of Zoanlharia is furnished 

 by the structure of the sclerenchyma, which instead of forming imper- 

 forated lamella, as in the preceding groups, is always porous, or even 

 reticulate. In general the mural apparatus constitutes here the 

 greatest part of the corallum, does not consist of costal huninic ; the 

 walls are always perforated, and completely, or nearly completely, 

 naked. It is also to be remarked that the visceral chamber is almost 

 completely open from top to bottom, and never filled up with dissepi- 

 ments or synapticulae, as in most of the Z. Aporoia, or with tabulae, as 

 will be seen in the next two sections of this order. 



The perforated Zoanlharia form three natural families :upiam- 

 midte, Madrtporida, Poritidir. 



Family ft, Euptamtnidte. 



Corallum simple or complex, with well developed lamellar septa, a 

 spongiose columella, and perforated granular subcostulated wall*. 



Gen. uptammia, Endopachyi, BatanophyUa, Heteroptounmia, Lrplo- 

 ptammia, Endopiammin, Sttphanophyliia, DtndrophyUia, Loboptammia, 

 Cccnoptammia, Stercopiammia. 



Family 6. Sfadreporida. 



Corallum composite, increasing by gemmation, and not by fissi- 

 parity; ccanenchyma abundant, spongy, and reticulate; walls very 

 porous, and not distinct from the cccneuchyma; septa laraellone, and 

 well developed ; loculi free. [MAUIIKFOII.EA.] 



First Tribe. Madreporintt. 



Visceral chambers divided into two equal parts by two of the prin- 

 cipal septa, which are more developed than the others, and meet by 

 Hi- ir inner edge. 



Genus Madrepora. 



