1* 



Q LOQsV 



ft Tail long or short. 



8. PMBBTTTXA, Pmbyta, Esch. 4. CntooirniiciKA, Latiopyya, 

 111. ; OrrtopMtent, Linn. ; Cmoetbtu, OeoC ; Maeae**. 6. CTKO- 

 CETRAUXA, CynocrpAaltt, Brim. ; Papio, Brisa, 



The second family, SariyMa, is thai subdivided : 



t Tail rod naked. 



1. MTorrtXA, ifyedet. III 2. ATELIICA, 4tek, Geoff.; Srackyldet, 

 Spix ; Ihflromaryui, Spix ; Lagotkrit, Geoff. 



H- Tail end hairy. 



3. CALUTHRICIKA, Crow, Erxl. 4. SAUI-ININA, Faguiniu, Lacep. ; 

 \yftipitkecut, Spix ; Pi*no, Geoff. ; Srackyptu, Spix. 5. H ABPAUKA 

 (llapftlina ?), /occAiu, Geoff. 



Under the Quadrupedoid division. Dr. Gray arranges the iemttrufcr, 

 the GfleopMedda, and the IVfprrfiVioiiiWfr. 



Under the QuaJnmana, or Tetrncheira (hit second order), M. Lesson 

 arrange* the Simite and Lemwrida: generally, together with Lorii, 

 .\>-fiou, Galayo, Tarti<u, CAriromyt, and Cheirayaleu*. 



Hi* firat order, Jlimana, includes man only. 



The Qtmdrumma form the first order of the system of Mr. Swain- 

 son, who exclude* man from the zoological circle. His Quadrumnna 

 consist of the following families and genera : 



1. SiMIADJE. Sim ia (including Troylodyld, Jlylobatcs, Prcslytcs, and 

 Ptlkectu, as sub-genera). 



Cercojnllucui (including Latiopyya, Semnopitheau, Colobut, Ccrcopi- 

 tkecmt. Cereottbtu, and Katatit, as sub-genera). 



/*. 



M acacia. 



Papio (including Papio and Cyanoctpkaliu (Cynocephalut ?) as sub- 

 genera). 



2. CKBIDJL ilyteta, Lagotkrix, AUles, Cebiu, CaUit Arir, Hapala 

 (including Midat as a sub-genus), and Pithtcia. 



3. LEiiuitiDf; and 4. VESPERTIHONID.K. [SIMIAD.E; LEMURIDJ:; 

 OAUorrrHECus; CHEIROPTERA.] 



QUAGGA. [EqciD*.] 



QUAIL. [PEHDICID.S.] 



QUAKING GRASS. [BniZA.] 



QUAMASH is the North American name of an eatable Bulb, found 

 in the plains of the Missouri, and called Camatsia aculenta by botan- 

 ist*. It is a plant of the Liliaceous order, and is nearly allied to the 

 Kuropran Squill 



QUAMOCLIT. a genus of climbing Plants of the natural family of 

 Conrolrulacar, chiefly found in the hot parts of America, but species 

 are indigenous both in India and China. The genus is characterised 

 by baring a 5-leaved calyx. Corolla somewhat salver-shaped, plicate, 

 and 5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted into the base of the corolla. Ovary 

 4-celled. Cells with single ovules. Style simple. Stigma capitate 

 and bilobed. Capsule 4-celled, 4-ralved. Seeds 4, erect. Climbing 

 planU with the leaves alternate, cordate, entire, lobed, or pinnatifid ; 

 peduncles axillary ; one or many flowers of a red colour. Q. vulyarit 

 is common in every part of India, and, being a beautiful plant, has 

 been cultivated in this country as a tender annual. The name of the 

 genus has been taken from that of this species, which was Jpomira 

 (j*nmt>clit, the latter name signifying Dwarf-Bean, because, though 

 ""M". it resembles the kidney-bean in its habit 



QUARTZ, the Minrralogical name of numerous varieties of Rock 

 Crystal, the Native Oxide of Silicon [SILICON], called also Siliceous 

 or Flint Earth, and Silicic Aci.L It is remarked by Mr. Brooke 

 ('Mineralogy') that the "differences of structure, hardness, specific 

 gravity, mixture with foreign matter, and other characters belonging 

 to this species, are so numerous as to render any single description 

 inapplicable to all its varieties." Some of the varieties of quartz have 

 been already described ; these we shall presently refer to. 



QuarU occurs crystallised and massive, and in both states it is 

 widely diffused throughout nature, and is especially one of the con- 

 utituenti of granitic and the older rocks. The primary form of the 

 rry.ul is a rhomboid, but this is of rare occurrence ; it is generally 

 met with in hexagonal prisms terminated by hexagonal pyramids, and 

 when the prism U entirely wanting and both pyramids are present 

 the crystal Is dodecahedron with triangular planes. Cleavage 

 parallel to the planes and pyramids of the ordinary crystal. Fracture 

 oombotdal. Hardness 7-0. Scratches glass readily, and gives fire 

 with steel. Becomes positively electrical by friction, and two pieces, 

 when robbed together, become luminous in the dark. Transparent ; 

 tranaloortrt ; opaque. Lustre vitreous, resinous. Specific gravity 

 8 to 2-81. Colourless when pure, but exhibiting a vnst variety of 

 colours, of which those mentioned below are the more remarkable. 



QnarU is infuible ; insoluble in acids in general, but acted on by 

 hydrofluoric acid. U combine*, by fusion with the alkalies, potash and 

 sods, and thus with thi-m acts the part of an acid, and also in many 

 natural compound* The acid is termed Silicic Acid, and its com- 

 pounds Silicate*. 



The finest specimens of crystallised quarts occur in Dauphin<! r 

 Madagascar, *c. ; they are found also in Cornwall and nrar lirintol ol 

 (Treat brilliancy, and are known by the name of Cornish and Bristol 

 diamond*. To enumerate the different places in which this substance 



QUARTZ. Bia 



occurs would be almost endless. QuarU U composed of one equiva- 

 ent of silicon =14, and one equivalent of oxygen = 8 ; its equivalent 

 is therefore 22. 



llonutme and Chert are varieties of compact quartz. Cavernous 

 quarts U termed Spongiform Quartz or Swimming Stone, and other 

 scarlet varieties have also been described. 



QuarU possessing different colours has received various names; 

 some of these we shall briefly notice. 



Brown or Smoky Quartz occurs in fine crystals near Cairngorm in 

 Aberdeenshire. It is used for seals and ornaments when cut and 

 xdUhed. The nature of the colouring-matter U not known, but is 

 irobably carbonaceous matter. 



Purple Quartz, or Amethytt, is found both crystallised and massive. 

 It is of every shade of purplish-violet, and the colour in the perfect 

 amethyst is pretty equal throughout the crystal or mass ; frequently 

 lowever the summits of the crystals only are coloured. It is used for 

 ornaments. According to Rose, amethyst consists of 



Silica 97-50 



Alumina 0-25 



Oxide of Iron 075 



98-6 



Amethyst' of the finest quality are found in India, Ceylon, Persia, 

 ind Siberia, Amethystine Quartz of inferior quality is met with in 

 most countries. In Cornwall it occurs in some tin-mines. 



Blue Quartz (Sidtritt) occurs crystallised and massive. It is com- 

 pact, of a grayish or greenish-blue colour. Lustre resinous, waxy. 

 Translucent on the edges. It is found near Salzburg. 



Green Quartz is found in Peru, in translucent hexagonal prisms. 

 Opaque massive green quartz is called Prose ; the colour appears to be 

 owing to actinoditc. It is found in Saxony. Chryiopraae is light 

 green amorphous quartz; it is coloured by oxido of nickel. It is 

 Pound in Silesia and North America. 



Yellow Quartz is transparent ; of various shades of colour. It is 

 found in Cornwall, Scotland, Bohemia, &c. It is probably coloured 

 by oxide of iron. It has been called Scottish and Bohemian Topaz. 



Yellow Quartz is opaque. Ferruginous Quartz occurs of various 

 shades of yellow and reddish-yellow. According to Bucholz, it con- 

 tains 5 per cent of oxide of iron, to which its colour is owing. It is 

 found near Bristol, in Scotland, &c. 



Red Quartz (ComposteUa), Hyacinthine Quartz. Colour yellowish 

 or reddish-brown. It is found in Spain and North America. 



Amorphous Quartz. The following varieties of quartz will be found 

 under their articles, AOATE, AVANTUUINK, FLINT, FLINTY SLATE, OPAL, 

 and BLOODSTONE. 



In addition to these, which may be considered as among the purer 

 varieties of quartz, it occurs mixed with variously-coloured clays and 

 other extraneous matter, forming different kinds of Jasper. 



Jasper occurs opaque, which constitutes one of the most prominent 

 differences between it and agate. Its colours are green, yellow, and 

 red, of various shades, rarely blue : these colours are occasionally 

 mixed in spots and irregular veins. Jasper is massive, has often a 

 resinous lustre, but is sometimes dull. It is found on many parts of 

 the continent, in Cornwall, and in Scotland. 



Striped or Riband Jasper presents green, yellow, and red colours of 

 various shades, sometimes in spots ; but the most beautiful variety is 

 composed of equal and parallel stripes of these colours. In occurs in 

 Siberia, the Harz, and Saxony. 



Egyptian Jasper, or Egyptian Pebble, occurs in rough roundish 

 masses, and is generally of a brown colour. Internally it is usually of 

 a light colour. It is found on the surface to the eastward of Grand 

 Cairo, and on the borders of the Red Sea. 



It is well known that siliceous earth assumes other forms besides 

 that of quartz and the varieties of it which have now been described ; 

 one of the most useful of these is Common Sand. 



QUA'SSIA, a name formed in remembrance of a negro named 

 Quaaay, who first made known the medicinal virtues of one of the 

 species, is a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order Simaru- 

 baceit. It consists of trees inhabiting the tropical parts of South 

 America, particularly Surinam and the adjoining countries. They 

 have leaves pinnated like those of the common ash ; flowers with a 

 small 5-parted calyx, 5 petals, a definite number of hypogynous 

 stamens, and a fruit consisting of 5 dry or fleshy drupes. 



Q. amara, the true Quassia of modern botanists, is a small tree, 

 with its leaflets in two pairs, with an odd one, and a winged jointed 

 leafstalk. Its flowers are scarlet, large, like those of the Rod American 

 Horse-Chestnut, and arranged in narrow racemes. It inhabits the 

 woods of Surinam, Demarara, and probably the greater part of 

 Central America. The wood of the root of this plint was formerly in 

 great repute as a stomachic and as a remedy for the malignant endemic 

 fevers of Surinam. The flowers also were, and ntill are in that coun- 

 try, infused in wine or spirits, and form a bitter beverage ; but the 

 wood is out of use, in consequence partly of its being lens easily pro- 

 cured than that of the next species, and partly from an opinion being 

 entertained of some bod properties existing in connection with tho 

 intense bitter. 



Q. ejrcdia (Picrtrna excelia, Lindley) is a large tree inhabiting 

 Jamaica. It bos oblong acuminate obtuse leaflets, in from four to 

 eight pairs, and panicled corymbose small pale yellowish-green flowers. 



