QOEKCUS. 



QUERCUa 



on the upper side. Thl* U deecribed in tha 'Botanical Register' as 

 being a moat remarkable plant ; the fall-grown leaves being six inches 

 loaf, including the fooUUlk. and three inchea and a half across at the 

 widest part, which U near the bate. They an aa down; u those of 

 a young plane-tree. The ipccies appear* allied to Q. BaUola, u 



Q. auHmar/ulia, the Chestnut-Leaved Oak. Leaves oblong-lanoeo- 

 lau, rather downy on the under aide, coarsely Mmted, witii brUtle- 

 pointed lobes. A corns nearly aeatilc, oblong, with the cups, when old, 

 covered by metsed scales. A tree from the province of Mazanderaii, 

 reported to be very beautiful. The leave* are often from 4 to 5 

 inches long. Mr. Barker Webb state* that it U the same as what bus 

 been called Q. Liltmi, and that it in remarkable fur having large 

 depressed fruit, with wide lozenge-shaped scales turned back at the 

 point 



CUasetOak (Qwrnu Ckuuiwb) ; J, Cheitnut-LeaTed Ok (Q. catlanrafolia). 



Q. ngia, the Royal Oak. Leaves stalked, ovate-lanceolate, heart- 

 shaped, wavy, with coarse sharp unequal serratures, on each side 

 green, shining, and smooth. The lobes of the leaves terminated by 

 a conspicuous bristle. From Kurdistan. It is a noble species, with 

 leaves as Unte a* those of a Spanish chestnut, and very like them. 



Q. mami/en, the Manna Oak. Leave* (talked, oblong, some- 

 what heart-shaped, cut; the lobea blunt, smooth above, downy 

 heaerth, Young acorns oval, tUlkleu, smooth. An inhabitant of 

 the Kurd Mountain*, where it was discovered by Mr. Brant, the 

 British consul at Enerum, who found that the Kurd* obtain a 

 sweet mucilaginou* substance from it* branches and leave* by 

 steeping them in boiling water at the hottest season of the year, 

 and afterward* evaporating the water. This substance is made into 

 cake*, and told in the market* of the town of Van under the name 

 of Ohiofc.Hel vatbce, the Sweetmeat of Heaven.' The species is very 

 near Q. seHXra, especially a form of it which ha* been named Q. 

 MtmgMica. 



Q. /terico, the Georgian Oak. Leave* ovate-oblong, downy beneath, 

 tainted, with short blunt somewhat emarginate lobes. Acorn* 

 nearly sessile. Cup* hairy, with harp-pointed scales. A native of 

 Oeorgia. 



III. Oak* of the Himalayan, China, ftc. 



All traveller* fa the Himalaya* testify to the abundance of oak*. 

 The people employe.) by Dr. Wallich gathered a considerable number 

 of species, and Dr. Uoyle assure* IM that they are found from 

 moderate elevation* up to the limit* of tree* Among these, all 

 from the lower region* are, no doubt, too tender for cultivation in 



Great Britain ; but of the alpine specie* souno may be expected to 

 prove hardy. 



Q, tmicarp(fatia, Marking- N'ut-Leaved Oak. I .saves obovate, obtuae, 

 coriaceous, entire ; heart-shaped at the base ; downy beneath ; the 

 young ones with spinous teeth. Acorns solitary or in pain, on short 

 downy stalks, depressed at the poiut, about twice aa long as the 

 shallow scaly cups. As this specie* occur* in the Himalaya* at tha 

 upper limit* of the forest*, at even greater elevations than the Pines, 

 it would, no doubt, suit the climate of England ; and if so, its intro- 

 duction would be very desirable, for it is stated to form a magnificent 

 tree, whose timber is much esteemed by the natives. 



Q. tneono, the Himalayan Ilex. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, 

 shining and smooth on.the upper aide, densely downy bcueath, with 

 coarse serratures which are not bristle-pointed. Acorns solitary, 

 sessile, acute, but little protruded beyond the hemispherical iluwny 

 cup, the scales of which are small and closely pressed. A beautiful 

 tree, very like the evergreen oak of Europe. Its loaves are much more 

 woolly on the under side. Dr. Wallich found it in Kurnaou, where 

 the people called it ' Munroo ;' Dr. Royle states it to be thu ' 15.ui ' of 

 the hill people, where he saw it, and that it occurs at moderate eleva- 

 tions. It is therefore in all probability tender. 



Q, lanata, Woolly-Leaved Nepaul Oak. Leaves elliptic-oblong, deep 

 green, sharply serrated, coriaceous ; densely woolly beneath. Fruit in 

 very short axillary solitary spikes. Cup scaly, without prickles. This 

 is one of the handsomest oaks yet discovered. It it found wild iu the 

 Himalayas. 



Q. annulaia, Ring-Cupped Oak. Leaves obovate, taper-pointed, 

 serrated in their upper half; somewhat glaucous and silky beneath. 

 Acorns axillary, sessile, ovate, with the cup furrowed concentrically. 

 Found in the Himalayas. 



Q. Chinentit, the Chinese Oak. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, taper- 

 pointed, with bristly shallow serratures, and very long footstalks ; 

 slightly downy on the under side. Acorns globose, sessile, in pairs. 

 Cups with hoary lanceolate scales, the exterior of which are rcllexeil, 

 and longer than the acorn. A beautiful Chinese species, found (by 

 the botanists attached to the Russian mission to Peking) in mountainous 

 places. It is said to have exactly the habit and appearance of a 

 Spanish chestnut. We give a figure of it from specimens communi- 

 cated by Dr. Bunge, its discoverer. 



IV. Oaks of the United States of North America. 



In general these are cultivated in England, where they are found 

 tolerably hardy. They however evidently suffer from want of summer 

 heat, and are by no means of the same value to us as the species of 

 the continent of Europe; and it may be doubted whether any of them 

 are ever, in their own country such noble trees as the finest speci- 

 mens of Q. pedunculata and Q. tettUiJtora. We shall only mention the 

 kinds common in the plantations of Great Britain. 



Q. alba, White Oak. Leaves oblong, deeply pinnatifid, glaucous 

 beneath, lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, entire, dilated upwards. Fruit 

 stalked. Cup depressed, warty. A very fine species, producing sweet 

 acorns and excellent timber, and approaching nearer to the European, 

 forms than any other American species. Specimens of it iu the 

 American forests are often from 70 to SO feet high. 



Q. Prinui, Chestnut-Leaved White Oak. Leaves on longiah (talks, 

 obovate-acute, somewhat downy beneath, with nearly equal dilated 

 callous-tipped tooth-like serratures. Cup contracted at the base. 

 Acorn ovate. A tree of considerable beauty, varying considerably 

 according to soil and situation, and hence divided by some writer . 

 into many species, called Q. paliulrii, Q. montana, (j. monticola, (/. 

 acuminuta, Q. Cattanea, Q. pumila, Q. Chinquapin, Q. prinoidtt, y. 

 tomcntoia, Q. ditcolor, Sic., under all which names it is propagated iu 

 the nurseries. The wood is porous, and not of very good quality, but 

 the broad bright green foliage is handsome. 



Q. coccinea, Scarlet Oak. Leaves smooth, oblong, deeply and widely 

 sinuated, on long stalks, lobe* divaricated, acute, sharply toothed, 

 bristle-pointed. Cup turbinate, half as long as the acorn. The middle 

 States of North America abound iu this and the following specie*, 

 which derive their name from their leaves becoming in the autumn of 

 a rich crimson colour. It forms a large and graceful true, but the 

 head want* massiveuesa. The wood is of very little value, and perish- 

 able ; it is only employed for fuel, and for staves for casks intended to 

 hold dry good*. It grows fast, and stands the climate of even the 

 colder counties of England. 



Q. rubra, Mountain Red Oak. Leaves smooth, oblong, siuuatcd, on 

 long stalk*, lobes acute, sharply toothed, bristle-pointed. Cup flat 

 uTi'l. rneatb. Acorn ovate. A specimen of this is said by Mr. Loudon 

 to exist at Strathfieldsay 100 feet high ; it is very like the last species, 

 but its leaves become more purple in the autumn. Its wood is of bad 

 quality. 



Q. tindoria, Dyer's Oak, Black Oak, or Quercitron. Leaves downy 

 beneath, obovato-oblong, dilated, widely siuuatcd ; lobes short, obtuse, 

 slightly toothed, bristle-pointed. Cup flat underneath. Acorn globose. 

 A native of Pennsylvania and of the mountains of the Carolinas and 

 Oeorgia, where it becomes a very large tree, with a bark so dark 

 coloured a* to have gained for it the name of Black Oak. The leaven 

 are largo and very handsome, becoming dull red or yellow in the 

 autumn. Its wood is strong, but very coarse. The inner V.i.,. 



