677 



REPTILIA. 



REPTILU. 



673 



The First Class is separated into three orders : 



I. Chelonians, consisting of the genera Testudo, Emy, Chelys, 

 Trionyx, Chelonia, and Dermochelys (Sphargis). 



II. Emydosaurians, or Crocodiles, divided into three sub-genera. 

 III. Saurophians, or Bipenniana, which are separated into two sub- 

 orders : 



A. Saurians, consisting of the families of Qeckoidians, Agamoidians 

 (the Normal, as Agama and Sasiliscus, and the Anormal, as 

 Chamceleo and Draco), the Iguanoidians, Tupinambis, and the 

 Lacertoidians (divided into Tetrapods, Dipods, and Apods). 



B. Ophidians, which are divided into 



1. The Dipods (Chirotes). 



2. Apods : a (with numerous teeth), Pelamys, Hydrophis, the 

 Vipers, and the Lethifers ; (without venomous teeth), the 

 Amphisbaenas, the Climbers or Boas, and the Colubers. 



The Second Class, Ichthyoid or Nudipelliferous Amphibians, is 

 composed of four orders : 



1. The Batrachians, divided into two sub-orders o (Aquiparous), 

 Sana, &c. ; $ (Dorsigerous), Pipa. 



2. The Pseudosaurians or Salamanders. 



3. The Subichthyaus, or True Amphibians (Proteut, Siren). 



4. The Pseudophidians (Ccecilia). 



Dr. John Edward Gray published in 1825 his 'Synopsis of the 

 Genera of Reptiles and Amphibia,' in the ' Annals of Philosophy.' 

 He considers the Reptiles, or scaly-skinned group, and the Amphibia, 

 or naked-skinned group, as distinct classes. 

 The class Reptilia are thus divided : 



I. Body covered with imbedded hard plates ; legs distinct, fit 

 for walking. Loricata, Gray, not Merrem. 



Order I. Emydoauri, De Blainville. 



Families. 1, Crocodolidce ; 2, Jchthyosauridce ; 3, Pletiaiamida. 

 Dr. Gray thinks that Meyalosaunu of Buckland is perhaps allied to 

 this order. 



Order II. Sauri, De Blainville. 

 Section 1. Tongue not extensile. Ascalabota, Merrem. 

 Families.!, Stellionida ; 2, Geckotidce. 



Section 2. Tongue extensile. Source, Merrem. 

 Families. 3, Tupinambidic ; 4, Lacertinida: ; 5, Chanutleonidce. 



Order III. Saurophidii, Gray. 

 Section 1. Body covered with imbricate scales ; anus transverse, 



not terminal ; tongue extensile. 

 Families : 1, Scincidce, Gray ; 2, Antjuidce. 

 Section 2. Body covered with intricate (imbricate ?) scales ; anus 



terminal. 

 Family : 3, Typhlopida, Gray. 



Section 3. Body covered with rings of square scales. 

 Families : 4, A mphitbtenidce, Gray ; 5, Chalcididoe. 



Order IV. Ophidii, Brongn. (Serpenles, Linn.) 

 Section 1. Upper jaws with fangs only. Venali. ( Venenati must 



be meant.) 



Families : 1, Orotalidce ; 2, Viperida. 

 Section 2. Upper jaw with teeth, and with or without fangs; 



oviparous. 

 Families : 3, Ilydrida ; 4, Colubridw ; 5, Boidce. 



Order V. Chelonii. (Tetludinata, OppeL) 

 Section 1. Feet and head retractile into the carapace ; carapace 



solid, covered with horny scales. Ciyptopodi. 

 Families : 1, Tatudinidce ; 2, Emydidce, Bell. 



Section 2. Feet and head not or only partly retractile into the 



carapace ; carapace mostly soft. Gynmopodi. 

 Families : 3, Trionycidce ; 4, Sphargida; ; 5, Cheloniadce. 

 The following table of the affinity of Reptiles is given by Dr. Gray : 

 Normal Groups. Anuectant Groups. 



Order I. Sauri. 



1. Stdlionidce. 3. Lacertinidcf. 



2. Geckotida. 4. Chamcdeonidce. 



5. Tupinambidce. 

 Order II. Emydosawi. 

 \. Crocodilidce. 3. Plesiosauridce. 



2. . 4. IcMhyosauridce. 



5. . 



Order III. Ohdonii. 



1. Tatudinidce. 3. Trionycidce. 



2. Emydidce. 4. Sphargidce. 



5. Carettidce (Chdoniadce ?) 

 Order IV. Ophidii. 



1. Crotalidce. 3. Hydridce. 



2. Viperida. 4. Colubridce. 



5. Boidce. 

 Order V. Saurophidii. 



1. Scincidce. 3. Typldopsidce. 



2. Anguidce. 4. Amphitbcenidce. 



5. Chalcidce. 



The ' Neue Classification der Reptilien ' of Fitzinger was published 

 at Vienna in 1826. This work, the result of much anatomical and 

 physiological study, has always held a prominent place in the history 

 of Herpetology, and its leading principles will be seen in the following 

 table : 



Cuss. 



OUIIEIIS. 



' Afonopnoa . i 



RKFTILIA 



TRJUES. 



I. Teltudi. 

 nata . . 



FAMILIES. 

 "1. Carettoides. 



2. Testudinoides. 



3. Emydoides. 



| 4. Chelydoides. 

 Trionychoides. 



II. Loricata . \ ?' Jf 

 ( 7. Cro 



^ Dipttoa 



ocodlloldcs. 



8. Ascalabotoides. 9. Chamieleo- 

 nides. 10. Pncustoidcs. 11. 

 Draconoidcs. 12. Agamoides. 

 13. Cordyloidcs. 14. Tachydro. 

 moidcs. IS. Ophisauroides. 16. 

 Cbalcidoidcs. 17. Ameivoides. 

 18. Lacertoides. 19. Stincoides. 



III. Sqnam. 1 20. Anguinoides. 21. Amphis. 

 muta . bnonoides. 22. Typhlopoides. 



23.Gymnophthalmoide8. 24. Ily. 

 sioides. 25. Pythonoidca. 26. 

 Colubroides. 27. Bungaroidcs. 

 28. Viperoides. 29. Crotaloides. 

 (Sauriaus and Ophidians.) 



IV. Jfuda . 30. Cfficilioidcs. 



31. Ranoides. 



32. Bufonoides. 



33. Bombinatoroidc8. 



34. Pipoideg. 



35. Salamandroidcs. 



VI. // 

 Ml 



ItntHiitu- t 36. Cl 

 'ilia . \ 37. P 



Cryptobranchoidea. 

 I'hancrobrancboidcs. 



Heart with 



an 

 Auricle. 



The following is a synoptical table from the second edition of Cuvier's ' R6gne Animal.' 



ORDERS. 

 omy, without 

 teeth . . Chelonians 



Double 



Limbs: 

 Jaws 



Toothed 



Saurians 



Feet 



Ordinary : 

 tors to the 

 number of . 



Five before, four behind . . . 

 Bifurcated, extensible 



Five to four 

 feet : Tongue 



FAMILIES. 

 Chelonians. 

 Crocodilian^. 

 Lacertianp. 



Not extensible : ( Ordinar y Iranian,. 



Body . . . 



No Limbs 



. Ophidians 



Skin 



Flattened 



Vermiform, very extensible 

 Very short, or to the number of four at least . 



I With three eyelids . . 

 | Without n third eyelid . 



Scaly : Eye 



Naked 



Gcckotians. 



Chamelconians. 



Scincoidians. 



Anguia. 



True Serpents. 



Naked Serpents. 



, Single 

 MAI. HIT. D1V. VOL. IV. 



liatrachiatu Uatruiliiiun. 



