i; O OKA. 



]{' 'THOFFITE. 



fit 



petals and stamens. They are distinguished from fabaeea (Legumi- 

 tuta) by their regular petals and stamen*, and especially by the odd 

 segment of the calyx being poaterior, and not anterior, as in that 

 order. The genera of thi* order may be arranged under four group* 

 or tub-orders, the principal distinctions of which will be seen in the 

 following analysis : 



Carpels numerous. 



Ovaries superior. Ronctac (proper). 



Ovaries inferior. J'onea. 

 Carpels solitary. 



Fruit a drupe. Amygdalea. 



Fruit a nut. Sanguiiorbece. 



Rotacea proper include the true Roses (Rotar\ the Cinquefoils 

 (PotattMnr), the Spiroas (Spiraea), and the Xeuradas (\ettrailete). 

 They are herbaceous plants or shrubs. This family includes about 

 570 species and 20 genera, principally inhabitants of the temperate 

 and cold zones of the northern hemisphere of the New and Old World ; 

 a very few are found ou high land within the tropic*, sad a email num- 

 ber in the southern hemisphere. None of the plants of this section 

 of the order are unwholesome ; they are characterised by the presence of 

 an astringent principle, which has led to the use of many of them in 

 medicine. [ROSA; POTKKTILLA; SPIRJEA; FRAOJUUA;GKCI; DRYAS.] 



Spiraa argtntea. 



a, flower, (having the pcrijrjnom arrangement of the stamen* ; 6, fruit, 

 hairing iu pocarpoiu itruciure ; c, one of the follicles separate from the fruit. 



Pomrif are known by the adhesion of their ovaries to the sides of 

 the calyx, funning the fruit called a Pome. Their ovula are always in 

 pairs. The tendency of the flowers of this family to revert to their 

 normal state frequently affords instructive examples of morphological 

 change*. The fruit of many of the species contains a considerable 

 quantity of malic acid, which gives to the fruit its peculiar flavour. 

 The Apple, Pear, Medlar, Quince, Service- Tree, and Mountain-Ash 

 belong to this family. They are inhabitants of Europe, Northern 

 Asia, the mountains of India, and North America. [PYHUS; CYDOMA; 

 AMELAXCIIIKR; CBAT.KOUS; COTOHEABTER ; MEsro.ua.] 



Amygdalae have but a single carpel, which when ripe is a drupe ; 

 but they are also distinguished amongst Kutacea by their leaves con- 

 taining hydrocyanic acid, and their bark yielding gum. They are 

 natives exclusively of the northern hemisphere, where they are found 

 in cold or temperate climate*. Many of the species are poisonous, on 

 account of the hydrocyanic acid they contain. They yield, however, 

 some of our most valued fruits, as the Peach, Nectarine, Plum, 

 Apricot, Cherry, and Almond, which last is the seed of the Amygtlalm 

 communu. [AnY<;iiAi.E.K ; AuYOUAM'S; PHONOS.] 



ftomynuorlta are not only known by their solitary carpels, but they 

 are destitute of petals and have a hard thickened calyx. They are 

 found wild in heaths, hedges, and exposed places in Europe, North 

 and South America beyond the tropics, and the Cape of Good Hope. 

 Their principal property is stringency, and some of the species may 

 be used as fodder. (SAMOOUORBA ; POTERIOM ; AORIMOMA.] 



KOSCUEA, a genus of Plant* belonging to the natural order 

 Scilamimta or Zittgtbrraceir, which was named by Sir J. E. Smith, in 

 honour of the historian of the Medici, who elucidated the plants and 

 remodelled the genera of the .Sa/a*inr in bis beautiful work on that 

 family. The specie* have been figured by Smith, Wallich, and Royle, 



The genus consist* of only a few species, which are confined to the 

 Himalaya Mountains, and i* characterised by having spatbaceous 

 flower*, a single-leafed tubular calyx, corolla riogent, limb double, the 

 outer tripartite, with the upper segment erect and arched. Inner limb 



two-lipped, ovary inferior, style inclosed in the furrow of the anther, 

 which is two-lobe*), incurved, surrounding the stylo with an np|>endage 

 split at the has*. 



The species of Xoieoea, belonging to so tropical a family as the 

 Attfnmtnor, are generally accounted showy stove plants ; but they are 

 found only on the slopes of the Himalayas during the rainy season, 

 when there is moisture with uniformity of temperature. K. alpina is 

 found at as great an elevation as 9000 feet above the level of the sea, 

 and on places whence the snow had just melted, like the snowdrop in 

 early spring in European countries. 



ROSE. TROBAJ 



ROSE-BEETLE. [CETOXIAD.E.] 



ROSEMARY. [RosiiAHisos.] 



ROSE-ROOT. [SBDUM.] 



ROSE-WOOD. [TRIOPIOLEMKA-] 



ROSELITE. a rose-red Mineral related to Cobalt Bloom. [COBALT. ] 



ROSIN. [TOHPENTIKE.] 



ROSITE, a Mineral occurring in email grains, without crystallisa- 

 tion. Fracture splintery, and in the larger grains somewhat foliate*). 

 Surface of the fracture shining. Colour faint rose-red to brownish- 

 red; the former more common. Subtransparent Hardness 2'5 

 Specific gravity 272. It is found in Sudermauland. 



Its analysis by Svanberg gives 



Silica .... ... 44-901 



Alumina . ... 34-500 



Peroxide of Iron 0-688 



Oxide of Manganese 0-191 



Potash 6-628 



Lime 3-592 



Magnesia 2-498 



Soda a trace 



Water 6-833 



99-337 



KOSMAUI'NUS, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Lamiacett. It is one of the genera belonging to this order that are 

 perennial and possess the character of shrubs. It is known by the 

 following characters : Calyx ovate, campanulate, with two lips, the 

 upper of which is entire, and the lower two-ported ; corolla not ringed 

 in the inside ; the throat slightly inflated with two lips, equal, the 

 upper one emarginate, the lower two-parted, the middle lobe very large 

 and hanging down ; stamens two ; filaments slightly toothed at the 

 base; style with the upper lobe very short 



R. officinalit, the Common Rosemary, is an inhabitant of the 

 southern parts of France, Spain, and Italy, the basin of the Mediter- 

 ranean, and some parts of Asia Minor. It is a very leafy shrub, 

 growing to the height of three or four feet ; the leaves are sessile, 

 linear, quite entire, revolute at the edge, and covered with white hairs 

 beneath ; the flowers are few, and in short axillary racemes ; the 

 corolla has a dull leaden blue or white colour, with the tube pro- 

 truding a little beyond the calyx ; the flower-leaves or bracts are 

 shorter than the calyx. The cultivated and garden plants differ very 

 much in the shape and number of their leaves, on which account 

 Miller described them as two species, the R. anyuttifolia and the 

 11. latifulia. The size of the leaves varies according to the soil and 

 situation in which the plant grows. It is generally observed that the 

 broader and longer the leaves, the more vigorous is the plant The 

 Rosemary abounds in the district of Narbonne in France, where it is 

 used to form hedges for gardens, &c. It is supposed to be the aroma 

 of this plant gathered by the bees that gives to the honey of this 

 district its peculiarly fine flavour. 



ROSSIA, a genus of Cephalopodous Molliliea, named by Professor 

 Owen in honour of Sir John Ross, who found onu of the first speci- 

 mens in the Arctic Seas. It belongs to the family Teuthiiltr, and has 

 a rounded or oval body, furnished on each side with a suborbicular 

 fin ; a large head, with eyes covered by an epidermic expansion, nnd 

 pierced by a very small hole ; arms ten, two tentacular and red 

 eight corneous, flexible, small, and sub-spatulate. There are five 

 specie*, of which two are British, Ji. macroioma and 11. Oiccni. These 

 have been both taken in Ireland, and the Utter also near liouchurch, 

 in the Isle of Wight. 



ROSTELLA'lUA. [STROMBIDA] 



ROSTELLUM, a botanical term applied occasionally to very 

 different part* : 1, it is most frequently used as a diminutive of 

 rostrum, to express any small beak-shaped process ; 2, it is applied to 

 the short beak-shaped process found on the stigma of many violet*, 

 as Viola hirta, V. odoraia, V. cant na, 4c. ; and Orckidacta;, as Orchil, 

 S]>iranlhet, Liitera, &C. ; 3, some writers have also used this term to 

 indicate the radicle or descending element of the embryo of the seed. 



ROSTRUM, a botanical term applied to any rigid prolongation of 

 remarkable length, or to any additional process at the end of any of 

 the part* of a plant 



ROTATE, a botanical term applied to either the calyx or corolla, 

 when the tube is very small or entirely wauling, and the petals or 

 sepals are united and spreading. 



ROTATORIA. [ROTIFKBA.J 



ROTCHE. [AUK.] 



ROTELLA. [THOCIIID&] 



ROTHOFF1TE. 



