M7 



SAL-AMMONIAC. 



SAL1COHNIA. 



C4 



P. fuUnoctpkala. This it tho .Si'mia mdtMoctfluUa and Cacajao 

 of Humbuldt mud Itonplaud ; also called in America Caruiri, Mouofco, 

 Cbacuto, Cbucuxn, and Mouo-Kubon. 



Head very round, naked, and of a dull black colour, its physiognomy 

 reminding the spectator of an old negro ; the bair of the he:i<l . : 

 forwanli ; eye Urge and sunk, and the eyebrows composed of strong 

 bristles ; nose Bat, separation of the nostrils wide ; no beard ; cars 

 bare and very largo. 



It inhabits the forests which border the Rio Negro and Itio 

 Caasiqtii.ire. 



All kinds of fruit aro acceptable to the voracious Cncajno, which i* 

 a weak, very inactive, mild-tempered, and tiini 1 animal. It even 

 shrank from somo of the small Nijmjoii*. It trembled violently at 

 the sight of a crocodile or serpent When about to seize Anything, it 

 stretchei forth its arms iu tie manner indicated in the cut, and holds 

 the object with difficulty, on account of the length and alenderue** of 

 the fingers. It lives in troops. 



af tho natural order A mentacca of Jus>ieu, but they have been sepa- 

 rated by Richard. They are dUtinguished from Corylaeeat by the 

 absence of a calyx, and frequently by the v. nation of their leaves: 

 from Betulactir they are known by their hairy seeds and polyspennous 

 2-valved fruit They are generally found inhabiting woods in the 

 northern districts of Kuro|>e, Asia, and America. The most northern 

 woody plant that is known, the Salij frclictt, belongs to this order. 

 There are only two genera in this order, Salts and /';>u/i; but tli y 

 are of great importance on account of their timber and various 

 economical uses. |S.vi.i\; Puri-i 



lniioeifkala. 



P. Ckiropolet, the Capuchin of the Oronoco, is very like P. fiatanat, 

 except in rnlour. indeed to like, that an uncoloured figure of the one 

 mk'lit well serre for that of the other. 1'. Chirojwtet in brownish-re 1 ; 

 the lieard is blacki-h-brown, arises below the cans and covers a part 

 of the breast. The eyes are sunk and large. The tail, like that of 

 P. Snlantu, is buohy. The claws are bent, except on the thumbs. 



SAL-AMMONIAC, a Hydrochlorate of Ammonia, occurring in 

 volcanic regions, as Etna, Vesuvius, and the Sandwich Inland*. The 

 sal-ammoniac of commerce is manufactured from animal matter and 

 cod-soot [AMMOXIA, in ARTS AND Sc. Div.] Sal-Ammoniac occurs 

 in white crusta or efHorescnees. It crystallises in regular octahedrons, 

 and is soluble in three parts of water. When quick-lime is mixed with 

 it, it Rive* off a strong nmell of ammnnin. 



SALA'CIA, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Ilil>l*Kralrarar, which has been so differently defined by different 

 botanists, that it sometimes Includes species found in Asi.i, Africa, a-id 

 America. At other times, the American species are referred to the 

 ponn* Toni'lla, and the African species to the Reims Calypn, and 

 those of India to the genm Johnia, the last named in compliment to 

 Dr. John, a Danish missionary, who was one of the founders of the 

 llotanic Garden at Tranquebnr, and sent many new plant* to 

 Dr. Roxburgh. The whole are formed of specie* which have little 

 beauty, but the fruit of both the *|>eci'!s of Johnia it eatable. 



SALAMANDER [ AMPHIBIA.] 



8ALAMANDHIIM-I [AMHIIIIIA.] 



8ALANX, a genu< of Fishes belonging to the family /;>' 



8ALARIAS, a genus of Indian Fishes belonging to the family 

 (hbinidir [linnirt] 



8AI.KA. [|>KAI'IM*A.] 



SALK'NIA. [KciiixoDf-BMATA.] 



SALICA'CK.K, WHl'iw-WorU, a natural order of ApeUlous Kxoge- 

 nous Plant*, possessing the following charac'.ers : Flower* with pistils 

 or stamens alon, growing on the same or different plant*, and arrang. d 

 in the form of an amentum ; stamens separate, or united together with 

 2-celled anthers ; a superior ovary, with I or 2 cells ; numerous erect 

 ovules ; style single, with 2 stigma*, or absent ; many-seeded, comose, 

 10-12 oil' -d, coriiceous fruit; seeds conio-e. and .'idler attached to 

 the lower |nrt of the axis of each valve, or to the base of the cell ; 

 glutiraen absent; e:nbryo erect; radicle inferior. They are treei or 

 linitx, with simple alternate lews, and deciduous or persistent 

 let. Combined with Cory/occrt nnd /itlnlacea, they forui'.-d part 



eg tl 



Salix atfrra. 



a, branch with utaminiforous flowers ; b, dilto, lth p'stillifcrous Hovers; 

 f, st.in.inifcrous bract, with abortive pistil ; d, plslilliferous bract, with closed 

 ripened pistil ; f, ditto, with valves open ; f, seed, with hair ; ;, section of fruit, 

 shoving seeds; A, section of seeds, showing cotyledons. 



SALICARI A, a genus of Birds belonging to the family Sylriailii . and 

 separated by Mr. Selby from the genera LoctutcUa nud jwWa, " The 

 rounded form of the tail," says Mr. Yarrell, " the outer feathers being 

 much shorter than those in the middle, and the partiality of there 

 birds to moist situations, particularly conspicuous in the Sedge nnd 

 the Reed Warblers, appear to separate them from the Sylvan Warbler*." 

 There are four British species of this genus. 



S. loctulella, the Grasshopper Warbler, is so called from its very 

 peculiar and almost incessant cricket-like note. It comes to this 

 country from the south, and appears about tba middle of April, and 

 departs in September. It is a shy bird, keeping at the bottom of a 

 hedge, and creeping along more like a mouse than a bird. It fccdi on 

 small snails, slugs, and insects. 



& pkragmitct, the Sedge-Warbler, Sedge-Bird, ii found during the 

 summer in thick patches of reed.s or willows, in marshe*, or on tho 

 low sides of rivers, or on islands. Like the last, it is a summer vi-i!<>r, 

 arriving iu April and leaving in September. White of S.-lbourne first 

 observed its power of imitating the notes of other birds, as well as of 

 its occasionally singing at night It measures 4] inches, and is some- 

 what a less bird than the last 



& liucinoida, Sitvi's Warbltr, Willow Locustclla. It is a rare bird 

 in this country, but, like the group to which it belongs, it frequents 

 moist and shaded situations, mining reeds and lni.<lu-*, nr:ir water. 



f. arumlinacca, the Recd-Warbl- r, the Night-Warbler, the Rccd- 

 Wren. It U always found in company with the Sedge- Warbler, but 

 is not so numerous in this country as that bird. It arrives here in 

 April and departs in September. It sings usually in the day, but 

 sometime* at night " The character of the beak, the entire M 

 of the bufly white stripe over tho ear-covert-, and tli" uniform colour 

 of the whole of the upper surface of the body of this bird, distinguish 

 it from either the Grasshopper-Warbler or the Sedge-Warbler, with 

 both of which however it hss many habita in common." (Svi.viAD.Kj 



(Yarrell, Ilittory of liritirli Hirdi ) 



SALICrNI/K [SAI.KMCK.K.] 



BALICORNARIA, II'OI.TJWA; CKU.AIII.*:A.] 



SALIC'O'KNIA (ftom ' sal,' salt, and ' cornu,' a horn, in reference 

 to the taste and form of the plant), a genus of Plants belonging to the 

 natural order C'hcnojxxtiacctr. It is characterised by a single turbinate 

 fleshy olxenrcly-lobed pi'rianth ; 10-12 sta-nms ; short style; bi-trifid 

 Htigtna* ; fruit a utricle with a single seed. The species are mostly 

 weed* inhabiting moist suit districts on the coasts of the north of 

 Kurope, Africa, and America. 



S. htrbacea, Jointed Glasiwort, is a common plant in the suit inarnhca 



