73 



SIPHOXOSTOMATA. 



SIPHONOSTOMATA. 



79J 



accessory feet of the female are very short. Length about 4 lines. 

 This Araneiform Crustacean inhabits our seas and those of France, 

 and is found on Ascidians and various fishes. 



SIPHONOSTO'MATA, M. De Blainville's name for his first family 

 of Siphonobranchiate Mollmca. 



The forms comprised under this family are principally to be found 

 under the extensive genus Murex of Liunxus. It is sometimes applied 

 to several families forming a section of Prosobranchiate Mollusca. In 

 Woodward's 'Manual' the following families are included : 



1. Strombidce. [STROMBID.E.] 



2. Buccinidce. [BncciuuM.] 



3. Conida. [CONID.E.] 



4. Volutida. [VoLUTiDJE.] 



5. Cyprceidoe. [CYPR.EID.K.] 



All the known animals belonging to it are carnivorous and marine, 

 and all are furnished with a horny operculum. The Siphonostomata 

 arc thus subdivided by M. De Blainville : 



* No persistent bourrelet on the right lip. 



Pleurotoma (Lam.). Shell fusiform, slightly rugose, with a turri- 

 culated spire; aperture oval, small, terminated by a straight canal 

 more or less long. The right lip trenchant and more or less incised. 

 Operculum horny. 



A. Species in which the incision is a little behind the middle of the 



lip, and the tube of considerable length. 



P. Babylonia. The shell fusiform-turreted, transversely carinated 

 and belted, white, with black-spotted belts, the spots quadrate ; whorls 

 convex ; tube or canal rather long. It is found in the East Indian 

 Seas and the Moluccas. 



Pleurotoma Babylonia. 



B. Species in which the incision is entirely against the spire, and 



whose tube is short. (Genus Clavatula, Lam.) 

 P. auriculifera. This genus has been taken on different bottoms at 

 depths varying from 8 to 16 fathoms. 



PUurotoma auriculifera, 



The distribution of this genus is world-wide, and 480 recent species 

 have been described. Those of which the localities are known arc 

 thus distributed : 



British Islands and Greenland 17 



Mediterranean 19 



Africa 15 



Red Sea and India 6 



China ... 90 



Australia 15 



Western America 52 



West Indies and Brazil 20 



The fossil species are found principally in the chalk, and number 



about 300. Many sub-genera have been formed, as Qlavatula, Lam. ; 

 Tornella, Swainson ; Mangelia, Leach ; Bdd, Leach ; Daphnella, Hind. 

 Fusus (Lam.). Animal not differing much from that of Murex. 

 Shell fusiform, often ventricose in the middle, rugose, thick, and with 

 a very elevated spire ; canal very straight and elongated ; aperture 

 oval ; right lip trenchant, the left smooth. Operculum horny. 



Animal of Fusut. a, operculum. 



A. Turriculate or subturriculate, but not umbilicatecl species. 

 F. Coins (Murex Colus, Linn). Shell fusiform, narrow, transversely 

 furrowed, white, the apex and base rufous ; whorls convex, nodulously 

 carinated in the middle; canal long and slender; the lip Buloated 

 within, and denticulate on the margin. It is a native of the 

 Indian Ocean. 



(Genus Latirus, De 



Ftutu Ojlut. 



B. Species subturriculated and umbilicated. 

 Montfort.) 



F. filosut. Shell fusiform-turreted, thick, knotty, but smooth to the 

 touch, whitish-yellow girt with numerous orange-red lines ; whorls 

 knotty above, the knots hemispherical ; the aperture white ; the lip 

 striated within. Found in the seas of Australia. 



C. Subturriculate species, with the canal notched at the extremity. 



F. arliculatus. Shell fusiform-turreted, very delicately striated 

 transversely, shining, saffron-coloured or violaceous-cccrulescent, girt 

 with articulated bay lines ; lip sulcated within ; columella with one 

 plait above ; canal short and emargiuate. 



Z 1 . Species with the whorls of the spire rounded and convex. 



F.Islandicui. Shell fusiform turreted, ventricose below, not knobbed, 

 transversely striated, white, the whorls convex ; the lip thin, smooth 

 within ; the canal rather short and subrecurved. It is found in the 

 seas of Iceland. 



E. Murico'id species. 



Ex. F. muriceut. 



F. Buccinoi'd species. 



Ex. F. buccineus. 



Futi have been found on bottoms of mud, sandy mud, and eand, at 

 depths ranging from the surface to eleven fathoms. They are found 

 distributed all over the world. About 100 recent species and 320 fossil 

 have been described. The latter have been found from the Gault to 

 the Eocene Tertiary. 



The sub-genera are Trophon, Montfort; Clavella, Sw. ; Cftrysodomus, 

 Sw. ; Fmionella, Gray. F. colopeus and F. proboscidialin are two of 

 the largest living Gasteropoda. F. antiquus, called the Red Whelk, 

 on the coasts of the Channel, and Buckie in Scotland, is used for 

 eating. It is the Roaring Buckie, in which the sound of the sea is 

 said to be heard. In the Zetland cottages it is used as a lamp. P. 

 contrurius has its lips reversed. It is found fossil in the crag of the 

 counties of Suffolk and Essex in great abundance, and also recent in 

 the Mediterranean Sea and on the coasts of Spain. F. deformii is also 

 reversed. 



