17 



STIUGOCEPHALUS. 



STKOMIUU^E. 



which if occasionally found near villages and dwellings. It is not 

 however a favourite with the native* ; various superstitious notions 

 are also in Java associated with its visits ; and it is considered in many 

 parts of the inland as protending evil. The other species of this divi- 

 sion are by DO means common, and the X badia is one of those that 

 are most rarely met with. It never visits the villages, but resides in 

 the closest forests, which are the usual resort of the tiger. The 

 natives even assert that the Wowo-wiwi approaches this animal with 

 the same familiarity with which the Jallak (the Pastor Jalla of our 

 catalogue) approaches the Buffalo, and that it has no dread to alight 

 on the tiger's back." Dr. Horsfield adds, that it is never seeu in 

 confinement 



The same author states that eight species of owls from Java have 

 been arranged in the museum at the India House ; three eared-owls, 

 and five smooth-headed. 



X Cajtennt, Smith, the Cape OwL It is red brown above, scantily 

 sprinkled with small white spots, pole ochreous red below, marked 

 with small heart-shaped spots ; face yellow-brown; cervical collar pale 

 buff-orange, with many of the feathers, particularly on its inferior 

 portion, tipped with brown ; quills subocbreous, banded with brown; 

 eye* brownish-black; bill and feet livid or straw-yellow; legs long, 

 upper half of the tarsi covered with feathers, lower half and tors 

 covered with small flat circular scales, upon which are a few strong 

 rigid bristles, claws long, dark horn-colour, slightly covered and 

 pointed. Length 16 inches. The whole of the plumage has a silky 

 gloss. Female considerably larger than the male, and with the colours 

 less clear. The down of the nestling is dull cream-yellow, plumage 

 of the upper parts during the first year darker than in adult birds. 

 (Smith.) 



Dr. Smith states that the few specimens which he saw were obtained 

 near Cape Town, close to Table Mountain, in the rocky precipices 

 of which they were said to have concealed themselves during the day. 

 He adds, that the colonists recognise this bird as distinct from the 

 Doodvogel (Slrix jlammca), which occurs abundantly throughout the 

 whole of South Africa, and that it is at once to be distinguished by 

 its size from the Strix badia of Horsfield, the species to which it is 

 by colours most nearly allied. 



Dr. Smith also figure* and describes another Typical Owl (Athene 

 Capmiit), and an Eared Owl (Otut Capcntit). 



jVocttto. It is brown above, with a few yellowish-white spots ; white 

 beneath, varied with ferruginous spots ; toes hairy. 



If. Boobook (Strix Boobook, Boobook Owl of Latham) is an Australian 

 species. According to Mr. Caley, "the native name of this bird is Buck- 

 Buck. It may be beard nearly every night during winter uttering a cry 

 corresponding with that word. Although this cry is known to every 

 one, yet the bird itself is known but to few ; and it cost me considerable 

 time and trouble before I could satisfy myself respecting its identity. 

 The note of the bird is somewhat similar to that of the European 

 cuckoo, and the colonists have hence given it that name. The lower 

 order of the settlers in New South Wales are led away by the idea 

 that everything is the reverse in that country to what it is in England ; 

 and the cuckoo, as they call this bird, singing by night, is one of the 

 instances which they point out." 



A', maculala, described by the same authors, much resembles the 

 species just noticed, but they are inclined to consider it distinct. 

 STRIOOCE'PHALUS, a genus of Fossil Brackiopoda. 

 STRINGY-BARK TREE. [Ki CAITPTUS.] 

 STROBILI'TES, a genus of Fossil Fruits. 

 STROB1LURUS. [lociiKiWL] 

 STROMATOPORA. [MILLBPORID*.] 



STKO'MBID.K, a family of Marine Qasteropodous Mollutca, belong- 

 ing to the Alata of Lamarck and the Angyoitomata of De Ulainville. 



The genus Strombut of Linnaeus is placed in the ' Systema Nature) ' 

 between Btuxi*m and Murex, 



Cuvier arranges Strombut next to Tarbintlla and at the end of his 

 ' Pectinibrancbiate Gastropods.' He defines the genus Slrombin, Linn., 

 as comprising shells with a canal which is either straight or inflected 

 towards the right, the external border of whose aperture dilates with 

 age, but always preserves a sinus towards the canal, under which the 

 Lead of the animal passes when it extends itself. The greater part 

 have, he adds, this sinus at some distance from the canal. 



Mr. Swainson defines the Stronbidtr, Wing-Shells, which, in his 

 arrangement, stand between the Twhindiidtt and the Volutidir, 

 thus: 



"Outer lip dilated, or thickened internally, or detached from the 

 preceding whorl by a sinus ; operculum small" 



He makes the family oonsUt of the following sub-families : 



1. Sirombina. 



Generm : Apkomtt, Da Costa (Aporrhait, we suppose it meant); 

 Fltroctrtu, Lam. ; Strombia, Linn. ; Strombidea, Sw. ; Rottellaria, 



2. Coninir. 



Genera: TercbtUum, Lam.; Coronozu, Sw. (with the nub genera, 

 Cormuizit, Sw. ; Punctieutit (f), Sw. ; Tuliparia, Sw. ; Cylindrdla, 

 Sw. ; and CmiliUut, Sw.) ; Conui, Linn, (with the sub-genera Conut, 

 Linn. ; Dendroconut, 8w. ; Ttfitlin, Sw. ; Thelicontu, Sw. ; and Lcpto- 

 coiuu, Sw.) ; Vvndla, Sw.; and Voiwrbit, Sw. 



3. Columbcllina. 



Genera: Conidea, Sw. ; Columbclla, Lam.; Putiottoma, Sw.; Oral- 

 titpira, Sw. ; NitidtUa, Sw. 



4. PUurotoi.iinrr. 



Genera : Brachytoma, Sw. ; J'leurolomn, Lam. ; Clavalula, Sw. ; 

 Claricuntlta, Sw. ; Tomella, Sw. 



5. Ctrithina. 



Genera -.Potomit, Brong. ; Pinna, Lam. ; Tcrebralia, Sw. ; Rhino- 

 davit, Sw. ; Ccrithium, Lam. 



Dr. J. E. Gray makes the Strombida (the first family of his section 

 Clcnobranchiata, Order 1, Zoopkaya) include the following genera : 

 Strombut, Terebelium, Plerocerat, RottrUaria and Scraphyt. 



In this article the Stromliulir will be confined to the genera and sub- 

 genera Strombia, Pteroccrat, and Rostdlaria. 



Strombut. Animal spiral, slightly compressed, furnished with a 

 proboscis, at the extremity of which is the mouth opening longitu- 

 dinally, and containing a lingual riband furnished with sharp points 

 curved backwards. Tentacles cylindrical, obtuse, and short. Kyes 

 carried upon two peduncles, which are cylindrical and stout, longer 

 than the tentacles, and placed at their external side. Foot rather 

 small, but enlarged forwards. Mantle forming in front a canal, which 

 is generally rather short. Orifices of the anus and oviduct behind. 

 Shell thick, oval-oblong, sub-involved, conical in front and behind ; 

 spire moderately elevated; aperture long and narrow, terminated 

 anteriorly by a canal more or less long or removed ; right lip dilated, 

 and with a sinus a little behind the caual ; columellar or inner lip 

 simple, but sometimes callous. Operculum horny, long and narrow, 

 with a terminal summit and composed of elements imbricated, as it 

 were. (Rang.) 



Animal of Slromlttu Inmbii (Ptrrotrrat lamtiial modern authors). Female. 



a, the foot seen In its anterior part, with IU groove ; t, the oporculum fixed at 

 IU posterior division ; r r, ocular tubes with thrir tentacle* ; d, the proboscis 

 open to show the tongue ; f, the cerebral ganglion, behind which are two long 

 salivary glandi ; /, digestive tube entering n large stomach ; p, the stomach 

 partially opened, and ihowing the orifice of the ii-*ophnjru> ; A, the intestine 

 become filiform before It forma the very voluminous rectum ; t, the first part of 

 the uterus ; *, second part of the utcruo, forming meanders before opening Into 

 the groove which leads on the right side of the foot ; /, the groove which does 

 not eiit In the males ; m, follicles of viscosity ; n, respiratory siphon ; o, large 

 branchla and Its vein which goes to the heart ; ;', small and rudimentary 

 branchla ; 9, the heart; r, the liver and the ovury united to the extremity of 

 the tortillon, or turblnatcd part of the body. (' Voyage of the Astrolabe.') 



M. Rang considers that the variations in the shell lead to the 

 establishment of two sub genera, .s 'trombus and Pterocerat. 



M. De Blaiuville divides the genus Strombut into the following 

 sections : 



o. Specie* whose external lip becomes much dilated with age, and 

 offers a number of diglUlions variable in number. Qenus, 

 Ptcroccrat, Lam. Ex. S. <S'corj>it, 



