SUID.E. 



SUlD.fi. 



apophy&U descends at first, and afterward* become* horizontal. The 

 lygomatio apophy*!* of the temporal booe ascends a little, and rises to 

 a point backward* above the auditory meatus. The temple ia well 

 marked by a parietal crest, which goes to tlie occipital without touching 

 it* congener; HO that the occiput is truncated squarely above, where 

 it widens a littlf. The palate ia prolonged a little beliind tip 

 of the zygomatie arches. The palatine bone advances no farther than 

 ju*t before the last molar tooth. It is prolonged a little on encli sule, 

 where it terminates in form of a tubercle between the two pterygoid 

 wing*. It ueends into the orbit, showing nothing there but a process 

 (languette) by no means large, which pushes forward into the internal 

 wall* of the suborbieular canal. The internal pterygoid apophyses 

 arc dirtinct from the body of the bone, high and narrow, and termi- 

 nated in a hook. The external apophysea at least cqnnl them, make 

 one with the body of the bone, and also terminate in a hook. In the 

 temple the posterior sphenoid is nearly reduced to the anterior surface 

 of the external pterygoid apopbyses. It articulates itself with the 

 temporal bone, does not touch the frontal except with its point, 

 and doe* not reach the parietal. The anterior part occupies most 

 space there, and it permits nevertheless the frontal bone to descend 

 in front of it till it reaches the palatine, and even to bend itself back 

 to enter into the vault of the suborbital canal between the maxillary 

 and the palatine bones. The temporal bone raises iUelf rather high 

 in the temple, where its parietal suture curves downwards. It occupies 

 a part of the occiput on each side, and its suture comes in front of the 

 base of the mastoid apophysis, which is very long, very pointed, and 

 entirely belonging to the occipital bone. The tympanic cavity (caisse) is 

 a very projecting tubercle, not to say pointed, in front of this apophysis. 



Skull of Hop, fern from al ore. (Cuvier.) 



Skull of Hof, tern In profile. (Curicr.) 



It receive* a very long and very narrow auditory nicntun, which com- 

 menced very high behind the posterior base of the arcade. Its cavity 

 is very small, and the whole of its apparent volume consist* only of 

 cellular osaeous substance. The glenoid facet is projecting, and much 

 wuler than it is long, between the arcade and the tympanic cavity, 

 which last i* early nMifi< <l in it* convex portion, and seemed to Cuvi. r 

 to belong to the temporal bone, from which it is not separated even in 

 the foatus, but the petrous bone (rocber) is long distinguishable : this 

 last does not appear externally. The two frontal bone* unite together 

 early, and the two parietal* still earlier : there is no interparict.il in 

 those aubject* which have seen the light. The suborbiUvl hole is rather 

 large, alove the fourth molar, nearly in the middle of the maxillary 

 booe. Its canal opens widely in the orbit, at the ordinary place. The 

 lachrymal hole* hare been already noticed. There is below the orbital 

 surface of the orbital bone a deep hollow without issue, the use of 

 which was unknown to Curler. At the upper vault of the orbit is a 

 cnborbital hole, which conduct* to an aperture pierced on the front. 

 The orbital hole ia near the suture with the anterior sphenoid. The 

 analogous holes to the uphcno- and pterygo-palatine bones are in the 

 suborbital canal. The lait enters the palate opposite the penultimate 

 molar. The optic and iphcno-orbital hole* are approximated a* ordi- 

 narily, and rather large. The ovnl aperture is separated by the whole 

 external ptrrygnid apophyin, the direction of which is transverxal. 

 It is common to the sphenoid ami temporal bones, and is only separated 

 by a small bony ridge from a large carotidian hole, which answers in 

 part to the internal side of the tympanic cavity. Under the junction 



of the anterior sphenoid to the posterior i* a double canal, which goe* 

 into thu thickness of the vomer. The posterior foramen laoeriun, the 

 xtylo-niastoidian, and the condyloidian, are very much approximated 

 near the maxtoid apophysis. At the interior one may see th:it the 

 frontal and sphenoidal sinuses are very much extended, and narrow 

 the cerebral cavity a good deal The first-named sinuses exb n.l to 



the occiput. The aella ascend* nearly vertically to sustain tl ptic 



nerves. The bony teutorium only exist* on the lidei; it does no 

 more than pas* upon the petrous bone. The ethmoidal Cosset is wry 

 mueli sunk, of moderate size, divided by a very salient crest, ami 

 riddled with numerous holes. The area of the cerebral cavity ii only 

 half that of the cranium, as it appears externally, so much is it 

 augmented by the great sinuses which exist even to the occiput. 



Different Suida offer more or less variations in the length of the 

 heail. 



The Wild Boar (Fiu Hero/a, Linn.) has the face longer and the skull 

 leas elevated; the domestic pig of Kurope has the cranium slightly 

 more elevated, and the face still sufficiently long ; the Siamese Pig has 

 the face shorter, the cranium more convex iu the frontal region, and 

 larger in proportion. 



The Masked Boar of Africa differs from the European boar in having 

 its zygomata extending more outwards and taking a more horizontal 

 direction, and especially by a great elevated apophysis, above the 

 alveolus of the canine tooth, and ascending obliquely so as to leave a 

 canal between it and the maxillary bom;. It terminates by a great 

 rugged tubercle, and the nasal bone opposite to a similar tubercle. It 

 is to these two prominence*, that the great wart* or mamilUc, which 

 give this animal so hideous an aspect, adhere. 



The Babyrugga, or Babirouesa, when compared with a Siamese Hog 

 of the same size, has the cranium longer in proportion to the muzzle, 

 the orbit more advanced, the temporal fosjuc more approximated on 

 the cranium, the zygomatic arch longer and ascending K-ss suddenly 

 backwards, and the tympanic cavities much longer. 



Skull of IJabyrusM. 



The peculiar character of the Ethiopian Roar (Phacochftnit) con- 

 sists in the retreat of the eyes mid the relative sinnllnes* of the 

 temporal fossse, the necessary consequence of that retreat; in the 

 enormous development of the base of the zygomatic arches; and in 

 the width of that part, ns well as in the interval between the orbits. 

 The alveoli of its enormous canines form a projection on each side of 

 the inuy.zle, which in terminated by two small peculiar bones that 

 unite the extremities of the nannl to those of the intermaxillary 

 bones, and which correspond to the single bone carried on the extremity 

 of the interiuaxillnrie* in the Common Hog. The tympanic cavities 

 are small, terminated in a point The l>asilary part ban between them 

 a hook projecting on each side, and in front are two very deep nn.l 

 very remarkable fosnto prolonging the vault of the back nostril*, and 

 hollowed principally in the xpli< imi.1 Imne. 



The Peccary approximates more to the Babynisea than to the 

 Siamese Hog, but it muzzle is still ihorter; the tympanic cavities 

 are rounded and cellular ; its martoid apophyxes are very short and 

 directed backward* ; it* palate in prolonged, narrowing as it retires, 

 more backward than its molars. It* glenoid facet is very different 

 from that of the hog, and fenced (cerace) in front and behind as in 

 some of the C'arnirora. 



Cuvier remarks that the relationship of the Kuida; with the Carni- 

 rnra is very clone, indeed that there i* no difference in the anterior 

 part of the cranium. Take, says he, the head of an Opogium (Sarigue) 

 for example ; shorten the cranium ; widen the orbits and parietal 

 crest* ; raise the occiput, shortening at the same time the baailary 

 part and the back nostrils, and you will only require the difference*) 

 of projection of tome parts, the. presence of an external pterygoid 

 apophysis, the direction downwards of the curvature of the zygomatic 

 arch, &c., to arrive at the head of a Hog. Iu the pterygoidiau 

 and neighbouring parts, the Kangaroo approaches it (till nearer. 



The dentition of the Hog has its characters and laws, like that of 

 all other animals. The normal number of its teeth is six incisors 



