M 



SYLVIAD.E. 



SYLVIADJB. 



D'Orb,); Rtgtlut, Gray; Bradypltnu. Sw. (SyWa, Vieill., Cytticola, 

 Lev.) ; Apala, Sw. ; Praticola, Sw. (Catamaathiu, Gould, 4n/Au, Vig. 

 and HorsC) ; Cytticol*. Lesa. (Saliearia (f) Gould, Sylvia. Tamrn.) ; 

 JafrfttopA Jm, Leach (MotaciUa, Gin.) ; Jlemiptcryx, Sw. (Syfcia, Vieill., 

 Cydicola, Lesa.); Sfipdiuia, Less. (/>rymca, Sw., Syfeia. Lath., 

 ilaltina, Temm.); Jfoinno, VieilL (.JfotaciUa, Gm.) ; CinchramphM 

 Gould (J/Vja/nriu, Yig. nd Horsf.) ; .SpAeitura, Licht (7un2iu, Lath., 

 Mflurtu, Temm.); Ar<yoina, Horsf. (Ifaiww, Keinw.) ; IVuna, 

 Hodgs. With reference to >'Aiiio, Mr. Gray remarks that it is tbo 

 nme perhaps as the preceding genus. 



2. Sylviintr. 



Genera: Cdtia, Bonap. (Sylvia, Harm., Salicaria (?), Gould); 

 Pteudo-Ltucinia, Bonap. (Syltia, Savi) ; Loctutclla, Ray (Sylvia, Lath., 

 Salicaria, Selby, Caiamoherpe, Brehm, Curruca, Sw., Arundinaceut, 

 Less.); Calamodyta, Bonap. (Sylvia, Temm., Aruntlinaceui, Leas.); 

 AcrocfpAalut, Naum. (Co/amoAerpe, Boie, Motacilia, Linn., Salicaria, 

 Selby, (7rrnco, Sw., .4 rundinaceiw, Less.) ; Jlippolait, Brehm (Xti/u>, 

 Beohst, ^rKm/inaceiu, Less., Motaciila, Linn.) ; jRcguliu, Ray (.Vo'u- 

 citta, Linn. ; PkyUopnaate, Meyer (Sy/rio, Lath., Phyllotcoput, Boie, 

 Xrfw, Briss., ZVodWiw, Lafr.); Sytoio, Lath. (PAiJomt/o, Sw.); 

 Cumtco, Briss. (tlotaciUa, Gm., SyJeia, Lath.); JVworia, Bonap. 

 (furrMco, Brehm, Philomela, Sw.) ; Ltacinia, Briss. (Philomela, Sw., 

 Datdiai, Boie, Motaciila, Gm., Sy/ria, Lath.). 



3. Saricolina. 



Genera: GpiycAu,WagL (Gracula, Gm., Gn/llivora, Sw., Creo- 

 Irichru, Boie, Lalage (Boie), Sundev., Kittacincla, Gould, Notodela, 

 Less.) ; Ruiicilla, Ray (Picedvla, Bechst, P/uenicura, Sw., Motacilia, 

 Linn.); CyaxectUa, Briss. (Pandicilla, Bl., Motaciila, Linn., Sylvia, 

 Lath.); Calliope, Gould (Accentor, Temm., Motaciila, Linn. TurdiM, 

 Gm.) ; Oroceto, G. R- Gray (Phanicura, Vig., Petrophila, Sw.) ; 

 Kubecula, Briss. (Dandalut, Boie, Erythaca, Sw., Motaciila, Linn.); 

 .Siofto, Sw., (Sylvia, Lath.) ; Petroica, Sw. (iftuscicapa, Gm.) ; Origma, 

 Gould (J/wricapo, Lewin., Saxicola, Vig. and Horsf.); ^?<fon, Boie 

 (Erythropygia, Smith, .4run<inacetu, Leas., Salicaria, Gould, Agrobatcs, 

 8w.) ; TAamnoiia, Sw. (SyZrio), Bcuonornii, Smith ; Campicola, Sw. 

 f^ria, Lath., &urteoZ<i, Temm.) ; Fi</ora, Briss. (ffinantAe, VieilL, 

 5ojnVo(a, BechsL, Motaciila, Linn.); JZ6e<ro, Brigs. (Motaciila, Linn., 

 Saricola, Bechst). 



4. Accentorina. 



Genera: Accen/or, Bechst., (Motacilla, Gm.) ; Enicocichla, G. R. 



Gray (Snunu, Sw. (7Wt, Will.) ; 7Vic/i(M, Sw., (TWw, Linn.) ; Ssri- 



corni>, Gould (XcanMiX Vig. and Horef.) ; AcanfAi'za, Vig. and Horsf. ; 



Ptiloptu, Gould ; Symmorphut, Gould ; /oro, Horsf. (Motaciila, Linn.). 



5. Parinn. 



Genera : ^Syittoliu, Vig. (Remiz, CUT., Pcnduliniu, Brehm, 

 Linn.) ; ilelanoeUora, Less. (Parta, Lafr.) ; Porta, Linn. ; Suthora, 

 Hodgs. ; 3f Ma, Hodgs. ; 3feta, Hodgs. ; Bahila, Hodgs. ; Siva, 

 Hodgs. ; Mtgutina, Vieill. (Panu, Gm.) ; Tyrannulta, Vieill. (Pipru, 

 Spix., ^tria, Lath.); fphenottoma, Gould; Calamophilut, Leach 

 (JfyitaeMNM, Boie, Ponw, Linn.) ; Megittura, Leach (Orita, Mcehr, 

 Paroidet, Brehm, Panw, Linn.); Parwoma, Sw. (Sylvia, VieilL); 

 PiaUria, Temm. ; jEyithina, Vieill. ; Hylophilta, Temm. 

 6. Fylticolina. 



Genera : Sylripanu, Burt ; Dumecola, Sw. ; fylvicola, Sw. (Panu, 

 Linn., ^trio, Lath., CAtori*, Boie, Parula, Bonap.) ; - ? (Wiltonia, 

 Bonap., Mutcicapa, Wils., SetopA^o, Sw.); Fermitwo, Sw. (Fictdula, 

 Briss., Sylvia, Lath.) ; Mniotilta, VieilL (0.rysrJo!iM, Sw., Sy/uia, Lath., 

 SyJricofo, Jardine) ; Zodtropi, Vig. and Horef. (SyMa, Sw.). 

 7. JfofactUwuK Motaciila, Linn. 



Genera -.Miacimxicola, D'Orb. (Leuonia, Sw., /Wowuro, Gould) ; 

 .Votacilla, Linn. ; Bwlytet, CUT. (Motaciila, Linn.) ; fnicuriu, Temm. 

 (Motaciila, Linn. ; TWdw, VieilL) ; fa-allina, VieilL (ronypu*, Oppel.) ; 

 Kphlkianwa, Gould (4ca/Ar/A, J. anil S.); Antltui, Bechst; C'ory- 

 oaUo, Vig. (^n/Au, VieilL). [MOTACILLW*.] 



Of these names, Prtrophila and Ifi^onio are terms employed in 

 botany. 



The ftylviada, in Mr. O. R. Gray's arrangement, are followed by the 

 TWute. (' List of the Genera of Birds.') 



We shall illustrate this family by describing some forms which are 

 oot found in other parts of this work. 



The genus Phtnicura, to which the Common Redstart belongs, may 

 be regarded as typical of this family. The beak is slender and nearly 

 straight, corapreaiwd towards the point, slightly deflected, and emar- 

 giiuted; nostrils banal, lateral, oval, pierced in a membrane, and 

 partly concealed by Die feathers of the forehead ; wings of moderate 

 sice, the first quill very nhort, the second equal in length to the sixth, 

 the third, fourth, and fifth nearly equal, but the fourth the longest ; 

 tail more or less red in all the species ; legs with the tarsua lengthened 

 and slender, longer than the middle toe ; outer toes nearly equal in 



P. rulicilla, the Common Redstart It is the Molacitta Phonicura 

 of Linnnus. Belon is of opinion that this is the *oinVoupoi of Arix- 

 totle (' Hist Anim.,' ix. 49). It is the Corossolo, Codirosso, Culo 

 Ranzo, and Culo Romo of the Italians; Rossignol de Mur ou de 

 Murailles of the French; Schwarzkehliger Saoger, Schwarzkehlein, 



and Garten-Rothschwiinschen of the Germans; Gekraagde Rooditart 

 of the Netherlander*; Rodstjert of the Swedes; Roedstiort of the 

 Danes ; Blodfugl of the Norwegians ; Rhonell Goch of the Welsh ; 

 Bedtati, BrantaU, and Kirctail of the English. 



The old male has the forehead and eyebrows pure white ; a small 

 band on the root of the bill, space between that and the eye, throat, 

 and upper part of the neck, deep black ; head and upper part of the 

 back bluish ash ; breast, sides, rump, and lateral tail-leathers, brilliant 

 ruddy ; abdomen whitish, lower coverts of the tail deep ruddy, two 

 middle feathers brosvn. 



The female (which may easily be confounded with that of P. 

 Suecica, the Blue-Throated Warbler) with the upper parts gray strongly 

 shaded with rusty; great wing-coverts bordered with ruddyish yellow; 

 throat white, breast and aides rusty, belly whitish, under tail-coverts 

 pale rusty. The very old have the throat blackish, spotted with rusty. 



The young males of the year have no white on the forehead ; black 

 of the throat broken with whitish lines ; ruddy colour of the breast 

 varied with white ; upper parts rusty ash, tail-coverts and feathers 

 bordered with rusty. 



The young females may be distinguished from the nightingale by 

 the black bill and feet, and the two middle tail-feathers, which are 

 always blackish-brown. 



This bird is found in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Russia, Europe 

 generally, particularly Holland, France, Provence, Spain, and Italy. 

 Trebizond, and to the south-east of that locality, Erzerum, and Japan. 



In Britain it arrives about the middle of April, penetrating as high 

 as Sutherlandshire in Scotland. Pennant says that it extends no 

 farther west than Exeter, but it has been seen in the eastern portion 

 of Cornwall, and is far from uncommon in the western part. The 

 Welsh name above given, from Pennant, indicates that the bird must 

 have been formerly known in Wales: it certainly is now, and has 

 even been found near Belfast in Ireland; but this appears to be a 

 singular instance. They quit England generally at the commence- 

 ment of September. 



KttUUrt (rktrnifura rnliciUa). 

 I-owor figure, male ; upper figure, female. 



The Redstart Is a sweet and indefatigable singer, and has been 

 heard in a wild state as late as ten o'clock at night, and as early OH 

 three o'clock in the morning. The skirts of woods, lane and meadow 

 hedge-rows, orchards, gardens, the old ivied-wall of a ruin, are all 

 favourite haunts. The male shows himself, as if proud nf his pretty 

 plumage, whilst he is uttering bis soft, sweet pong, vibrating his tnil 

 the while, on some low branch of a not high tree, or weather-beaten 

 stone, nor docs his music cease as he flies to another station to continue 

 his strain. 



A crevice in a wall, a hollow tree, a nook in a building sheltered 



