1 1 



8YNQXATHUS. 



faYUI.NCA. 



1000 



Synynatiiui has the body elongated, slender, covered with a series of 

 indurated plain arranged in parallel lines. Head long ; both jaws 

 produced, united, tubular. No ventral fins. 



In certain of the species the males are furnished with an elongated 

 pouch under the tail ; these are called marsupial, and include the 

 British species S. A cut and S. TyjJde. 



& Acta, the Great Pipe-Fish, is one of the most common forms of 

 the genus. It is found on many parts of the coast, sometimes at low- 

 water amongst sea-weeds; at other times in deep water. The most 

 curious feature in the economy of this fish is the fact that the roe 

 is transferred from the belly of the female to the pouch of the 

 male. 



& Typkle (Linnams), the Deep-Nosed Pipc-Fish, Lesser Pipe-Fish, 

 or Shorter Pipe-Fish ; Acut Arutotelit and Typkle antiquorum of 

 Willughby. This fish is distinguished from the hut by the more com- 

 pressed form of the jaws. From the British species it is distin- 

 guished by the possession on the part of the male of a pouch for 

 the reception of the ova. The habits of this fish resemble those of 

 the last 



5. agnoretu, the .Equoreal Pipe-Fisb. This fish has no subcaudal 

 pouch. It is comparatively rare on the British coast. 



X a*ffui*nu, the Snake Pipe-Fish. Although this and the preced- 

 ing species possess no subcaudal pouch, the ova after exclusion from 

 the female are carried by the male in separate hemispheric depressions 

 on the external surface of the abdomen. 



& opkidion, the Straight-Nosed Pipe-Fish, is known by ita straight 

 nose. It is about nine inche* in length. 



& lutHbnciformit, the Worm Pipe-Fish, is the smallest of the British 

 species. It has been taken on various parts of the coast It does 

 not exceed five inches in length. The young; of this species have 

 been observed to undergo a curious metamorphosis. On their escape 

 from the egg the tail is covered with a fin-like membrane, and it also 

 possesses pectoral fins. During their growth the caudal membrane 

 and pectoral fins are absorbed. 



Uippocamjnu. The jaws are united and tubular, the mouth placed 

 at the end. The body compressed, short, and deep. The whole 

 length of the body and tail divided by longitudinal and transverse 

 nilgea, with tubercular points at the angles of intersection ; both 

 sexes have pectoral and dorsal fins; the femalrs only have an anal fin 

 neither has ventral or caudal fins. 



//. breviroilrit, the Sea-Horae, or Short-Nosed Hippocampus U 

 occasionally met with on the British coasts. The habits of these 

 creatures are very singular. When swimming about they maintain a 

 vertical position, but the tail is ready to grasp whatever meets it in 

 the water. It quickly entwines in any direction round weeds or 

 other objects, and when fixed the animal intently watches surround- 

 ing objects, and darts at its prey wilh great dexterity. When two 

 re together they often twist their tails together. Their eyes move 

 independently of each other, as in the chameleon. 



feganu has a snout as in the previous genera, but the mouth is 

 under it, and moveable. Two distinct ventral fins behind the pectoral 

 which are often large, hence the name of Pegaiui, or Flying Horse. 

 The species are found in Indian Seas. 



(Yarrell, jfat ory O f BrUiik Piiha ; Adams, Manual of Natural 

 1/utory.) 



SYNONATHUa [STNoSATniD*.] 



SYNODONTIS. [SiLi'moa.] 



8YNODUS. [ISOPODA.] 



. BYNOI'CUM, * geuus of AfC'diM", thus defined by M. De Blain- 



>: Body more or less cylindrical, vertical, or horizontal, adhering 



by the oephalic extremity, and united together by the sides of their 



tUraal envelope, so as to constitute a common man, which is a 



little diversiform and fixed; the two apertures of each oomposiue 



animal hidden at the bottom of a more or less deep cavity, and having 



only a single external orifice, furnished ordinarily with six tentaculi- 



form papilla. 



M. De Blainville thus divides the genus : 



A. Species united into a convex rounded luass. (PulmoncBa, Lam.; 



a, a portion highly nupilnctl. 



S. Species in which the horizontal bodies unite together in a mam- 

 millated crust Ex. 5. tubyelatinotum. 



C. Species in which the vertical bodies also unite together in a 

 crust (Didermum, Sav.) Ex. S.funyotum. 



I). Species in which the very long vertical bodies unite together in 

 a species of cylinder, having only a single external orifice common to 

 to all the individuals. 



Synoicum turgctu, 



M. De Blainvillo remarks that this genus, although very closely 

 approximated to Solryllia, is really very distinct from it, in conse- 

 quence of the manner in which the apertures of each composing animal 

 terminate in a common cavity, with a single external orifice. He add* 

 that it contains no more species than the genera above proposed, and 

 that they appear all to belong to our seas. (' Malacologie.') 



SYNO'VIA, or Joint-Oil, is the name applied to the fluid by which 

 the joints of the bodies of animals are lubricated. It is separated 

 from the blood which circulates in the vessels immediately surrounding 

 the joint These form a very close capillary network in the tissue 

 which bounds the cavity of the joint, and which, when it can be 

 separated in a distinct layer, in termed the Synovial Membrane. 

 [ARTICULATION.] Synovia is a pole yellow viscous fluid, which, when 

 rubbed between the fingers, is peculiarly slippery, without being in 

 any degree oily. In the horse, it was found by John (whose analysis 

 is confirmed by those of several other chemists) to consist of 



Water 92-80 



Albumen 0-40 



Uncoagulable Animal Matter, with Carbonate 

 and Hydro-Chlorate of Soda . . . 0-60 



Phosphate of Lime 0'15 



Traces of Ammoniacal Salts and of Phosphate 



of Soda 0-05 



100 



Ita quantity is in direct proportion to the size of the joint, and is 

 always sufficient to keep the articular surfaces smooth and slippery, 

 and to fill up those recesses in the joint into which the adjacent soft 

 tissues do not exactly fit . 



SYRINQA (from ailpiyl, a pipe), the name of a genus of Plants 

 belonging to the natural order Oleacea. The English name of this 

 genus, Lilac, is derived from ' lilag,' the Persian for a flower. It is 

 known by a small 4-toothed calyx ; funnel-shaped corolla, with a 

 4-parted limb; 2 stamens; a trifid stigma; a 2-celled, 2-valved, 

 2-seedod capsule ; the valves boat-shaped, with a dissepiment iu the 

 middle. The species are natives of Europe and the colder parts of 

 Asia. They are deciduous shrubs, with simple leaves, having purple 

 or white flowers, which are arranged in beautiful thyraoid terminal 

 panicles, and are very fragrant 



X. rulgarit, the Common Lilac, known by its ovate heart-shaped 

 pointed leaves. It is a native of Persia, Hungary, and the borders of 

 the Danube. Dr. Sibthorp found it wild on Mount Hicmus, but not 

 in Greece. This shrub has been lone cultivated by the Turks, and 

 was brought from Constantinople to Vienna by the ambassador Bus- 

 bequius, in the middle of the 16th century, from whence it spread over 

 the rent of Europe. It is now one of the commonest ornaments of our 

 shrubberies, blossoming, together with the laburnum, in May. It is 

 one of the few shrubs that resists the injurious influence of the smoke 

 of cities, and flourishes in great perfection in most of the squares of 

 London. It grows to tho height of 20 f<-ct and upwards, and sends 

 up from the parent stem an abundance of suckers, which, if allowed 

 to grow, form a dense mass of stems ; these arc commonly left, but if 

 cut down as they are produced, the parent stem may be trained so as 

 to grow as a small tree. It grows very fast, ss much as from eighteen 

 inches to three feet in the year, and endures, according to the soil, fur 

 twenty to fifty years. Several varieties are well known. 



.<'. JoMea, Josikas Lilac, has elliptic-lanceolate, acute, ciliated, 

 wrinkled, glabrous leaves, seated on short petioles, and white on the 

 under surface, and purple flowers. It is a native of Transylvania, and 

 was discovered by the Haroness von Josikn, after whom it was named 

 by Jacquin. It attains the height of six or eight feet, and has broad 

 leaves, shining and dark green above and hoary beneath. It grows in 



