KM 



TEMNOPLEURUS. 



TENREC. 



short, but as long as the tarsus ; lateral toes unequal ; hind toe and 

 claw shorter than the tarsus. It is a native of India. 



C. vagabond* (rayabunda) and C. Temia are among the ppecies 

 given as examples. 



The first of these is the Pica vagabuntla of Gould {' Century of 

 Birds from the Himalaya Mountains '), a representation of which ire 

 subjoin. 





fb 



Pita ragabundn. (Gould.) 



Dr. IIorsfieM, who gives Corctu variant as the synonym of his 

 Fhrtnotrif Temia (the Chekitut, or Bentcot, of the Javanese), states 

 that although not a rare bird in Java, his 1'hrcnoirix is by no means 

 familiar, and never approaches the villages and habitations like many 

 other* (' Zoological Researches in Java.') A figure of thij) bird is 

 given in the preceding page. 



TEMXOPLE'URUS. [ECHINODEIIMATA.] 



TEMNU'RUS. [TRCKK)SiD.e.] 



TEMPERATURE OF THE EARTH. [GEOi-oaY.] 



TEMPERATURE OF PLANTS. [HEAT, VEGETABLE.] 



TENCH. [TtscA.] 



TENDON, or Sinew, is the tough white and shining tissue by 

 which muscles are attached to the bones or other parts which it is 

 their office to more. The name of Tendons however is generally 

 applied only to those which are thick and rounded, and which serve 

 for the attachment of the long round muscles, such as those of the 

 bleep* miucle on the front of the upper arm : those which are broad 

 and flat, and which serve for the attachment of the membranous 

 muscle*, are commonly called Aponeuroses. But whatever bo the 

 external form of a tendon, its intimate construction is the same, 

 being chiefly composed of the same fibrous or tendinous tissue of 

 which a large class of organ", including the ligament*, fascia;, perios- 

 teum, and several othens consist. [ARKOLAR TISSUE; MUSCLE.] 



At that end of a tendon which is affixed to a muscle each primi- 

 tive fibre or fasciculus of the Utter terminates in an abruptly- 

 rounded extremity, which is embraced by a fasciculus of the filaments 

 of the tendon, expanding and inclosing it in a sheath, or in a manner 

 which may be coarsely represented by placing the end of the fore 

 finger of one band within a circle formed by the ends of all the 

 fingers of the other hand. The larger bundles of cellular and fibrous 

 tinsue in the tendon are also continuous with the cellular tissue 

 which is placed between the secondary fasciculi of the mmcle. 



At their opposite extremities the tendons are usually affixed to 

 boner. Their fibres are intermixed and firmly united with those of 

 the periosteum, and often pass into the very substance of the bone. 



Although the chief and proper office of Tendons is to serve a* 

 media for the action of muscles, yet many of them fulfil other pur- 

 poses in the economy. Thus the Aponeuroses of the abdominal 

 muscles form a great part of the walls of the abdomen, and, by their 

 toughness, support and protect the organs within ita cavity ; the 



Tendons of the muscles of the fingers add strength to each joint over 

 which they pass ; and many, in other parts, are arranged so as to act 

 like ligaments. 



TENDRAC. [TKNREC.] 



TENDRILS, or Cirrhi, are those elongated and filamentous organs 

 of Plants which possess a power of twisting in one direction or 

 another, and by which the plants on which they grow are enabled to 

 embrace other plants, and thus to elevate themselves. Tendrils are 

 only found on those plants which are too weak in the stem to enable 

 them to grow erect In most cases the tendrils are only forms of 

 the petiole ; for although they may occur on the parts of flower*, yet 

 the flowers must be regarded as metamorphoses of the leaf. Tendrils 

 are distinguished according to the parts of the leaf from which they 

 grow. When the tendril consists of the elongated petiole of a com- 

 pound leaf, it is called a Cirrhus Petiolaris, as in the common pea. 

 When, as in Smttax horrida, it branches off on each side at the base 

 of the lamina into a twisting branch, it is called a Cirrhus Peduncu- 

 laris. When it is extended from the point of a single leaf, as in the 

 Gloriota luperba, it is a Cirrhus Foliaris; and when it occurs in the 

 petals of a flower, an in Strophanlhut, it is called Cirrhus Corollaris. 

 Those tendrils which are in connection with tho stem alone, as those 

 of the Passion-Flowers and Vines, are called Capreoli. The type of 

 these organs however is the same in all oases. (BLschoff, Wurlci-liuch 

 der betchreibendm Botanik.) 



TENGYRA. [ScoLUDj.] 



TENNANTITE, a variety of Gray Copper-Ore, so named in honour 

 of Smithaon Tennant, a distinguished chemist. It occurs in attached 

 crystals, which are usually email. It is found only in Cornwall, and 

 haa there been found in several copper-mines. 



TENORITK [COPPER] 



TENREC, the common name of a species of Ccnlcta, 111. ; Cmlena, 

 Desm. ; Setiger, Geoff. The Tenrecs may be considered indeed they 

 have been considered by most zoologists as Hedgehogs without tho 

 power of rolling themselves up into a ball. They were not included 

 in the genus Erinacau of Linnscus, as ho left it, in his last edition of 

 the 'Systema Naturae' (the 12th), but in the 13th (Gmeliu's) all the 

 known species were included under that genus. They have no tail, 

 are nocturnal for the most part in their habits, feed on insects, lio 

 dormant during a considerable portion of the year, and that during 

 the hot season, and have the akin beset with spines, or spine-like 

 bristles. 



Dental Formula : Incisors, -; Canines, Izlj Molars, ?H? = 40. 

 6 1 1 6 6 



Teeth of Tenrtr, one-third larger than llic natural M*O. (F. Cuvlcr.) 



The situation assigned by Cuvlcr to the Tenrecs is between the 

 Hedgehogs (Erinaccut, Linn.) and Cladobatct. 



