TEPHROITE. 



TEUMINAUA. 



i in 



TKPHUniTF. [TROOsnrE.] 



TEPHRO'SIA (from -rtffi,, ash-coloured), the name of a gcnui of 

 PlanU b*l<mgi"g to the Papilionaceous division of the order Leguminota. 

 The genus consists of ihruba or herbs, with usually unequally pinnated 

 leaves, and lanceolate or subulate stipule* distinct from the petiole. 

 The flowers are white or purpliah, arranged in racemes whuh are 

 mostly axillary ; the calyx is without bracts, 5-tootbcd, nearly equal ; 

 vexillum of corolla large, silky ouUide, and reflexed in a spreading 

 manner; wings adherent to the keel; stamens separate or united m 

 one or two parcels ; legume mostly sessile, linear, compressed, many- 

 aeeded, with the valves flat ; seeds compressed. This genus at present 

 includes 84 species, but it is probable that a more accurate investigation 

 will result in making several genera of the present one. The American 

 and Asiatic species are in some measure distinguished by their pro- 

 perties. In the former a narcotic poison is more frequently secreted ; 

 in the latter a colouring matter. 



T. loficaria, tbe PoUon Tephrosia, is a half-shrubby erect plant, 

 with 18 to 20 pairs of oblong-lanceolate obtuse leaflets, pubescent on 

 the upper surface, silky beneath ; legumes linear, velvety, inucronate. 

 Tliis plant is a native of the West Indies and of Guyana, and is said 

 by Tussac to have been first brought from Africa. The whole plant 

 affords a narcotic poison, and if the leaves are taken and pounded, and 

 then thrown into water where there are fish, they become intoxicated, 

 and losing all power over their muscles, they float about as if dead, 

 and may be easily caught. If placed in fresh water, or the fresh water 

 be allowed to come in contact with them as in a stream, the fish soon 

 recover : it is however generally fatal to the smaller fish. 



T. \'iryiniana is found in woods, on dry and sandy soils, in North 

 America from Canada to Florida. It is considered in America a 

 powerful vermifuge. Several other species of Tephrotia are found in 

 North America. 



T. einarginata, a native of South America, possesses the same 

 properties as th T. toxicarta, and is also used for the purpose of 

 poisoning fish. 



T. tinctoria, tbe Ceylon Indigo, is a shrubby glabrous plant with 5 

 pain of leaflet*, silky and villous beneath ; flowers purple or flesh- 

 oloured, seated on axillary peduncles; straight pendulous legumes. 

 Thia plant is a native of Ceylon, where it is called Anil. Its tissue 

 yields a blue colouring-matter, which has the same properties as the 

 indigo, and is used in Ceylon for the same purposes. There are other 

 plant* used in Ceylon for dyeing also called Anil. 



T. i-itealoria, the Fisher's Tephrofcia, contains the narcotic principle 

 of the genus, and is used in the East Indies for tbe same purposes as 

 T. lojriearia is in the West Indies. 



T. AptUuiea is shrubby, and covered with a close pubescence ; the 

 leaflets are silky beneath, and in 2 or 3 pairs ; the legume is 6- or 7- 

 eeded, and rather pubescent It is a native of Egypt, and yields a 

 blue colouring-matter, which is used in dyeing. 



T. Senna, Biiga Senna, is a glabrous shrub, with leaves having 6 

 pain of leaflet*, and the legumes and calyxes covered with pubescence. 

 It grows on the banks of the river Cauca, near Buga, in Popayau. Its 

 leaves have a purgative quality like senna, and ore used by the natives 

 for the same purposes as that plant is used. 

 TKKATI'CHTHYS, a Fossil Fish. [Fisn.] 

 TEREUEI.LA. [TCBICOUDX.] 



TEUKBEI.LA'RIA. a genus of Polyinaria, included by De Blaumlle 

 in the family of MilUportea, 



TKRKBELI.I M, a genus of MoUiuca, placed by Cuvier among his 

 Pectinibranchiate Gasteropoda, between Ovula and Valuta; by De 

 Blainrille among \iuAnyyottomala. between Conui and OHM; and 

 by Kane between If if ro and A nciUaria. 



The fossil Tercbtllum conrolutum is tbe type of Montfort's genus 

 Anita 



T. nbuknim, a native of the F.at In.lies, tnay be taken as an 

 example of the ri cent species, and 7*. conrolutum of the fofsil forms. 



Trrtltllu 



Tn-eliellum tontolutua. (Gcnni Srrajilii of Montfort.) 



The fossil species appear to belong to the tertiary formation, Eocene 

 period of Lyell (Grignon, &c.). 



TEHKBINTA'CEJ-:, a natural order of Dicotyledonous Plants con- 

 stituted by Jussieu, and adopted by De Condolltf. Arnott, Don, ami 

 other writers on systematic botany. Brown hg however divided 

 it into five orders. [ANACARDIACKJE ; Bu BSE RACE* ; OOXNARACEA ; 



oNDiACE* ; AMYRIDACK.B.] 



TE'REBRA. [ENTOMOSTOMATA.] 



TERKBRA'LIA. [ENTOMOSTOMATA.] 



TKKEBKATULA. [BRACHIOPODA.] 



TEREDI'NA, a genus of MoUiuca belonging to the family Tttbicola 

 of Lamarck, and to the Adetmacea of De Blainville. 



This genus is fossil only. Lamarck places it Iwtween ffjilaria and 

 Teredo ; Cuvier between Filtulana and Ctavar/ctta. 



Mr. Swainson arranges it in his family J'kolidie, and mnkrs it a 

 sub-genus of Teredo. 



Dr. J. E. Gray places the Teredina among the Plioladir, between 

 Jouannelia and Teredo. [FiSTUt-ANA; CLAVAGKU.A.] 



TrrtJina ptrwnata. (Conrtapion, &c.) . 



a lube with Tlrm ; , the other termination of the tube ; e, acesi>rj vsl ; 

 rf, r'alTM with aeocMoijr v.lve In Its place. (O. B. Sowcrl.y.) 



TEREDO. 



TE'KOIPES. [NiniiiiiAXciiiATA.] 



TERMKS. [TBRMITINA.] 



TKKMINA'LIA (from 'terminus'), is the name of a genus of Hants 

 belonging to the natural order Ci,mlrelacetr. The species of this genii* 

 ronii-t of trees and shrubs, with alternate 1. ave*, which are usually 

 crowded tojelhir at the cn<l of the brauchc*. The flowers are 



