10-49 



TETRAONID.E. 



THALAMUS. 



1050 



Pyrenees, and that it is to be found all the year rouud in the markets 

 of Madrid. Mr. Qould states that the species is found in the north 

 of Africa. It feeds on seeds, insects, and the young shoots of plants. 



Tin-Tailed Sand-Grouse (Ptcrocla tttariui], male and female. (Gon'.d.) 



America possesses several species of Grouse, consisting of the genera 

 and eub-geuera Bonatia, or Bonasa, Tetrao, Lagopus, and Centrocercus. 



Cmtrocercux urophasianut, is the Tttrao urophatianm of Prince 

 C. L. Bouaparte, the Cock of the Plains of Lewis and Clark, and the 

 Pyamis of the Kyuse Indians. 



This grouse appears to have been first recorded by Lewis and Clark ; 

 and it has since become familiar to the fur-traders on the bauks of 

 the Columbia. Sir John Richardson gives an interesting account of 

 its habits in the ' Fauna Boreali Americana.' 



Nuttall says that the flesh is dark and less palatable than that of 

 other species. 



Cock at the Flaini (Ceiitrocemu ur:>i Juiianut), male. (Svrainson.) 



Cryptonyx is a genus'which has been variously placed, and by some 

 amongst Tetraonidce. It has the following characters : Bill strong, 

 stout, compressed, convex above, curved towards the point ; nostrils 



ci ittatui. Male in the fiont ) female behind. 



longitudinal, placed in the middle of the bill, and covered by a naked 

 membrane ; orbits and lore naked ; hind toe without any nail, not 

 touching the ground. Wings short ; third, fourth, and fifth quills 

 longest. 



C. crislatns (C. coronatus, Temm.), is the Rouloul de Malacca of 

 Sonnerat. According to Mr. T. C. Eyton, the Malay native name is 

 Bestum. (' Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Malaya," &c., in 

 ' Zool. Proc.,' 1839.) 



These beautiful birds haunt the great forests of Malaya, Sumatra, 

 and Java. Wild and shy, they avoid the face of man, and are kept 

 in captivity with great difficulty. [BLACK-CoCK ; CAPERCALI ; 

 BONASIA.] 



TETRAONYX. [CHELONIA.] 



TETRA'PTERUS, a genus of Fossil Fishes. [FjSH.] 



TETRAX. [SlRUTHIONID^.] 



TETRODON, a genus of Fishes of the order Plectognathi. These 

 fishes, instead of having distinct teeth as usual in the class, have the 

 jaws provided with a substance resembling ivory, formed somewhat 

 like the beak of a bird, and fitted for crushing crustnceous animal* 

 and Fuci, upon which they live. Both the Tetrodons and Diodons 

 (Diodon, Linn.), a very closely allied genus, have the power of inflating 

 the body with wind, or rather a membrane which extends along the 

 under side of the abdomen, which causes them to float on the surface 

 of the water, without the power, it is said, of directing their course ; 

 the membrane, when inflated, gives to the fish an almost spherical 

 form, and is usually defended by spines and prickles. The pectoral 

 fins are rather small ; and besides these and the tail fin, they have one 

 dorsal and a ventral fin. The Diodons have but one large tooth above 

 and below, and are usually protected by large strong spines. The 

 Tetrodons are distinguished by the possession of four large large 

 teeth, the jaws being each divided by a central suture. These fishes 

 are confined to the seas of warm climates : some of them are called 

 Globe-Fishes. 



TEU'CRIUM (from Teucer), a genus of plants belonging to the 

 natural order Lamiacece, or Lulhitu: It has a tubular 5-toothed, 

 nearly equal, or 2-lipped calyx. The tube of the corolla is shorter 

 than the calyx, the upper lip is abbreviated and bipartite ; the lower 

 lip is longer, spreading, and trifid. The stamens are much exserted, 

 and the cells of the anthers are confluent and spreading. The species 

 are herbs and shrubs inhabiting most parts of the earth, and having 

 a variable habit and inflorescence. Upwards 70 species are described. 

 Of these comparatively few are known in this country. Some of them 

 are cultivated in our gardens, and three are natives of the British 

 Isles. 



T: Scorodania, Wood Germander, or Sage, has cordate downy 

 petiolate-crenate leaves ; the flowers are of a pale-yellow colour, with 

 violaceous stamens, and are arranged in lateral and terminal 1-sided 

 racemes ; the stem is erect, hispid, pubescent, or nearly glabrous. It 

 is a native of Europe in woody hilly situations', where the soil is dry 

 and stony. It is not an uncommon plant iu Great Britain. The 

 smell and taste of this plant resemble very much the hop. In Jersey, 

 where it is called Ambroise, the inhabitants use it as a substitute foi 

 hops in their beer ; and by some persons the bitter given by the 

 Germander is preferred to that of the hop. 



T. Scordium, Water-Germander, has oblong-sessile downy serrated 

 leaves ; flowers purplish, arranged in axillary whorls, 2-6 flowers in 

 each ; the stem is procumbent and villous. It is a native of Europe 

 and the temperate parts of Asia iu boggy wet places. It is a rare 

 plant in Britain. Its fresh leaves are very bitter and rather pungent, 

 having a smell similar to garlic. It had once a great reputation in 

 medicine, but is now seldom used ; it might however be employed in 

 cases where an aromatic bitter is desirable. 



T. Chamaedrys, Wall, or Common Germander, has ovate inciso- 

 serrate leaves, tapering into a footstalk ; the flowers are reddish-purple, 

 and arranged in axillary whorls of three flowers ; the stem is ascend- 

 ing, and most frequently villous. It is a native of Europe and some 

 parts of Asia, on walls and rocks and dry places. It is only rarely 

 found in Great Britain. 



T. Marum, Cat-Thyme, has small ovate quite entire leaves, with 

 2-4-flowered whorls ; stem erect, branched. It is a native of the 

 region of the Mediterranean. Cats are very fond of it, and destroy it 

 when they get near it. 



T. polium, Mountain Poly, has cuneated-oblong or linear leaves 

 with revolute edges ; whorls few, condensed into globular terminal 

 heads ; stems procumbent, much branched. This plaut is a native of 

 Euroj e and Africa, on the shores of the Mediterranean. 



TEU'THID^E. [SEFIADJE.] 



TEXTOR. [PLOCEINJE.] " 



THALAMI'TA. [POUTONIDA] 



THA'LAMUS (from 0<Aet/ioj, the'bridal chamber), a botanical term 

 which was applied by Linnaeus to the calyx or outer whorl of floral 

 envelopes. Tournefort applied the term to a receptacle that is not 

 fleshy, but surrounded by an involucre. In this sense it is used iu 

 common with the terms Clinanthium and Phoranthium. By some 

 writers, as De Candolle, the term is applied to the receptacle of all 

 plants or that point of the rachis or stem around which the floral 

 envelopes are seated. Thus those plants in which the petals and 

 Btameua are inserted into the receptacle constitute the first sub-class, 



