1065 



TILLAGES. 



TIMALIA. 



1066 



with the T. pareifolia of Ehrhart and other writers. It is a native 

 of snbalpine districts in the north of Europe. In Great Britain it is 

 common in the woods of Essex and Lincolnshire ; and Mr. E. Forster 

 thinks it probable that this is the only true British specie?. 



T. rubra, the Red Lime, is a native of Taurida, and some few speci 

 metis are growing in England. 



T. platyphytta, the Broad-Leaved Lime-Tree, is the T. grandifolia 

 of Ehrhart and other botanists. It is more common than the other 

 species in Switzerland and the south of Europe. 



All the foregoing species are distinguished by not having nectaries 

 or scales at the base of their petals. There are six other species charac- 

 terised by possessing nectaries. 



T. alba, the White or Silvery Lime; T. glabra, the Black or Black 

 American Lime-Tree ; T. laxijtora, Loose- Flowered American Liine ; 

 T. pubescent, the Pubescent American Lime ; T. heterophylla, the White 

 American Lime, are natives of North America ; and numerous speci- 

 mens of them are found growing in our forests and shrubberies. 



TILIACE^E, Lindenblooms, a natural order of Plants belonging to 

 the nyncarpous group of Polypetalous Dicotyledons. This order consists 

 of trees or shrubs, seldom of herbaceoua plants, with simple, toothed, 

 alternte leaves, furnished with stipules. The flowers are axillary. 

 The calyx consists of 4 or 5 sepal?, which are valvular in aestivation ; 

 the petals 4 or 5, with mostly a little pit at their base ; the stamens 

 are hypogynous, mostly indefinite, with oval or roundish 2-celled 

 anthers bursting lengthwise ; the disc is formed of glands, which are 

 equal in number to the petals and opposite to them ; the ovary is 

 single, composed of from 4 to 10 carpels, with a single style and stigma 

 divided into lobes according to the number of the carpels ; seeds 

 numerous, with erect embryo, and abundant albumen. This order is 

 nearly allied to Sterculiaceoc and Malvaceae, from which it differs in its 

 glandular disc, distinct stamens, and 2 celled anthers. The species, cf 

 which there are about 250, are arranged in 32 genera, and are generally 

 diffused throughout the tropical and temperate parts of the globe. 



Tiliacecc possess no active properties; they abound in a mucilaginous 

 wholesome juice. The fibres of the inner bark are very tough, and 

 are used for a variety of economical purposes. [TiLiA.] The wood 

 is generally white, light, and tough ; that of Grewia dastica is used for 

 making bows in India. The Trincomalee-Wood used at Madras for 

 inuking the Maaaoola boats is the produce of Berrya Ammonilla. The 

 Corchorut olitoriui is cultivated in Egypt for use a> a pot-herb. 



\ 234 



TiHa alba, 



a, cutting, with flowers and leaf; 2, section of ovary, showing the cells; 

 3, single flower ; 4, stamens. 



TI'LIQUA. [SCINCID&] 

 TILL. [BOULDER-FORMATION.] 



TILLvEA, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order Cranu- 

 lacere. It has a 3- or 4-parted calyx; petals 3 or 4, oblong acumi- 

 nated ; scales none, or very small ; carpels 3 or 4, somewhat con- 

 stricted in the middle; 2 seeded. The species are small glabrous 

 annual herbs, inhabitants of exposed subhumid places. The leaves 

 are opposite. Flowers small, white, for the most part axillary. 



T. mvKoia is a native of Europe in many places, in dry, barren, 

 sandy, and gravelly soil ; plentiful in Britain on the most barren sandy 

 heaths, and frequent in Norfolk and Suffolk. It has a stem branched 

 and decumbent at the base; flowers axillary, sessile, and trifid. The 

 plant is very minute, and of a reddish colour. The leaves are 



opposite, oblong, obtuse, concave above, connate ; sepals ovate or 

 lanceolate acute, bristle-pointed. Petals nearly subulate, white, tipped 

 with red. There are several other species, natives of North and South 

 America and Australia. 



TILLA'NDSIA, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Bromeliacece. Linntous says of the plants belonging to this genus, 

 " Tillandsise cannot bear water, and therefore I have given this name 

 to the genus from a professor at Abo, who in his youth having an 

 tmpropitious passage from Stockholm to that place, no sooner set his 

 foot on shore than he vowed never again to venture himself upon the 

 sea. He changed his original name to Tillands, which means on or 

 by land ; and when he had subsequently occasion to return to Sweden 

 he preferred a circuitous journey of 200 Swedish miles through 

 Lapland to avoid going eight miles by sea." 



The genus Tillandsia comprehends the plants described by Sloane 

 as Yiicum caryojihylloides, and by t'lumier as Caragata; and is charac- 

 terised by possessing a persistent calyx divided into three oblong, 

 lanceolate-pointed segments; a corolla tubular, longer than the calyx, 

 with the limb divided into three segments ; six stamens not so long 

 as the corolla, and inserted into it, and the anthers sagittate ; the ovary 

 superior, surmounted by a style with a trifid obtuse stigma; the fruit, 

 a trilocular capsule containing several seed?, each of which is supported 

 on a long stalk of aggregate fibre?, which in the end constitutes a 

 feathery wing. The species are most of them parasitical, and are 

 natives of South America. 



T. utriculata, the Wild Pine of the colonists of Jamaica, has linear, 

 channelled, recurved, dilated leaves, inflated at the base ; stein closely 

 panicled. It is found growing on old and decaying trees in the forests 

 of Jamaica. The stem is 3 or 4 feet high, and the leaves are a yard 

 long, and placed within one another in such a way that the water 

 which runs down them is retained in their expanded bases. The bases 

 then swell out and form a reservoir or bottle, which, being contracted 

 at the neck, prevents the heat of the sun from evaporating the water. 

 These reservoirs will each hold about a quart of water, and during 

 the dry season they are the resort of all kinds of animals for the sake 

 of the water, and travellers are often able to obtain a supply of water 

 from this source when all others fail. 



T. umeoides, the Long-Moss Tillandsia, or Barbe de Vieillard of the 

 French, the Vitcum caryophylloides of Sloane, has a twisted, thread- 

 shaped, scaly stem, much branched, with channelled leaves. This plant 

 is a native of the forests of North America, from Virginia to Florida, 

 also of the West India Islands and the Brazils. In medicine this plant 

 has been recommended as a remedy in haemorrhoids, also as an effectual 

 diaphoretic. 



T. monottachya, Single-Spiked Tillandsia, has the radicle leaved 

 linear, channelled, recurved, broad, and sheathing at the base ; the 

 stem simple, clothed with imbricated scales ; the spikes simple ; the 

 bracleas ovato-concave. This plant is a native of the West Indies. 

 The leaves of this as well as most of the other species serve as reser- 

 voirs for water. About 30 species have been enumerated. 



TIMA'LIA (Horsfield), a genus of Birds thus characterised : Bill 

 strong, compressed, deep (altum). Nostrils eubrounded. Wings short, 

 rounded. Tail elongated and graduated. Feet strong; hind-claw twice 

 as large as the middle anterior claw. 



T. piUata. Body ovate, rather stout. General colour above, brown 

 with an olivaceous tint ; underneath, testaceous inclining to gray. 

 Head capped with saturated chestnut. Throat and cheeks white. 

 Breast white inclining to gray, marked with intensely black stripes 

 by the shafts of the plumes. Bill black and shining. Feet brown. 

 (Horsfi-ld.) 



Timalia pileata. (Ilorsfleld.) 



Dr. Horsfield observes that the species is not unfrequent in the 

 jroves and small woods which abound throughout Java, It often, 



