MM 



TKEMOLITE. 



TRIDACNID.E. 



Tery common, the people call them Witch-Guts, Witch-Meat, and 

 Witches'- Butter. 



The grout Tremdla is known by its receptacle being gelatinous, 

 homogeneous, bearing fruit all round, and destitute of papilla). The 

 tpohdia are submergent. It has a large number of species, of which 

 nine are known as British. They are all of them found on the decaying 

 branches, trunks, and stumps of tree*. 



The genus Exidia is known by possessing a gelatinous homogeneous 

 receptacle, covered above only with a papillate hymcnium. The most 

 remarkable species of this genus is the Ejcidia Auricula Jada, Jew's 

 Ear. It has obtained its common name from its resemblance whilst 

 growing to a human ear. The whole plant is sessile, concave, and 

 flexuous, of a leathery consistence, and a reddish-brown colour. It 

 is fonnd mostly on living trees, especially the elder. It is generally 

 from one to three inches wide. This plant was at one time held in 

 much repute for its medicinal properties. It has an astringent cha- 

 racter, and has been used in infusion as a lotion in ophthalmia, and also 

 i a gargle in sore throat It has also been used in the same cases as 

 a poultice. 



E. ylanduloia, Glandular Exidia, or Witches'-Butter, is an effused 

 mass more or less plane, thick, and undulated, varying from a 

 whitish-brown to a black colour; the hymenium is covered with 

 spicules. 



The genus Dacrymyca has a gelatinous homogeneous receptacle 

 filled within with suberect flocci, and interspersed sporidia. This 

 genus, sometimes called Tear-Mould, yields species which attack 

 wrought wood, and produce what is called dry-rot. The D. mariformie, 

 Mulberry Tear-Mould, is of a rich deep purple colour, and is found on 

 wrought wood in a clustered rounded form resembling a mulberry. 



There are three other genera belonging to the order Tremellini 

 tfamatclia, Ayyrium, and llymcnula : they have each one species, and 

 all of them were formerly described under the genus Tremdla. 



TREMOLITE. [HORNBLENDE.] 



TREPANO. [HoLOTHCRIADi.] 



TRKTOSTERNON. [CHELONIA.] 



TREWIACE^E, a natural order of Plants belonging to the Rectem- 

 bryose group of incomplete Exogen*. This order has for its type a 

 single genus, Trncia, which was named after Christopher James Ti-ew, 

 a physician of Nurnberg. The species are but few : they are trees 

 with opposite and stipulate entire leaves and dioecious flowers : the 

 antheriferous flowers are arranged in long racemes, and the pistil- 

 liferous flowers are axillary aud solitary. The calyx iu both flowers 

 is 3-4-cleft ; the stamens are numerous ; the style is 4-cleft ; the fruit 

 is a drupe, 4-celled. with one seed in each cell. 



The plants of this order are natives of tropical India, and their 

 properties are at present unknown, nor is their structure well under- 

 stood. Trivia is mostly referred to Euphorbiaceic. 



TRI^ENODON, [SQUALID.K.] 



TRIAKIS. [SQUALID*.] 



TUIA NTHKM A, a genus of Plants of the natural order Fortulacca, 

 BO named from rptls, three, and &v0os, a flower, in consequence of the 

 flowers growing in threes, in the axils of the leaves. The species occur 

 as weeds in every part of the plains of India. T. obcordata, like the 

 plants of the family to which it belongs, is employed by the natives of 

 India as a pot-herb ; but the nauseous and bitter roots of T. monoyyna 

 are said by Dr. Ainslie to be employed as a purgative by the inhabit- 

 ants of Hindustan. 



TRI'BULUS (rpf/SoAoj, three-spiked or pointed), a genus of Plants 

 belonging to the natural order Rutacetr, the fruit of which is armed 

 with prickles. It has a 5-parted calyx ; petals 5, spreading ; stamens 

 10; ovary superior; capsules 5, gibbous, spiny, many-seeded. The 

 species are found in the south of Europe and the subtropical and tro- 

 pical parts of the world, with din use, often procumbent stems, with 

 solitary white or yellow flowers in the axils of the leaves. '/'. Icr- 

 rettrii is sometimes cultivated in the gardens of the West Indies on 

 account of the sweet scent of its flowers. This, as well as T. cittoidti, 

 has some aperient properties ascribed, and is therefore sometimes used 

 medicinally in the countries where it is indigenous. [TiiAi'A.] 



TRICHA& [SYL.VIADJL] 



TRI'CHECm.'H. [PHOC1D.B.J 



TIU'CHIA. [TiiK-iicxti'ERJii.j 



TKICHI'MA, a genus of Planta belonging to the natural order 

 Mtliaccre. The species are found in the tropical parts of America, 

 and a few in Africa and in Australia. An Indian species, T. tpinoia, 

 i not well known, but the oil of its seeds is said to be a useful 

 remedy in chronic rheumatism and paralytic affections. Several 

 are po**eed of active properties. Forskal found the fruit of one 

 specie* in the mountains of Yemen used as an emetic, and called 

 Jnnz-al-Cai, or the Emetic Nut, whence bo named it Elcagi, now 

 called T. emelica. The seeds bruised are ued for washing the hair, 

 as well an application In itch. T. tnfvliata, a native of Curacoa, 

 has an unpleasant smell in all part*, ami is said to possess active 

 properties. T. cathartka is described by Martins as having great 

 bitternen, and as employed in Brazil as a cure for fevers, &c. 

 T. mntchala is remarkable in Jamaica for the odour of musk which 

 it difluwa all around, on which account it is called Musk- Wood. 



TRICHINA. [ESTOZOA.1 



TRIt'UlURUS. 



TRICHOCEPHALUS. 



TRICHODKKMA '( K.E, a tribe of Plants belonging to the sub- 

 order Gaiteromycetci, of the natural order Funyi. 



TRICHODESMA (from the root rpix, hair, and Wir/ioi, a bond), 

 a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order Boraginacea;. The 

 species have little beauty and are of little use. T. Indica and T. Zey- 

 lanica are reputed in India to have diuretic properties, but are 

 probably only demulcent. They are likewise reckoned among the 

 numerous plants which are supposed to have the power of curing the 

 bites of snake.*, but probably poness no other power than what they 

 derive from their mucilaginous nature. 



TRICHOGLOSSUS. [PSITTACIDA] 



TRICHOMANES. [HYMENOFIIYLLIE.F,] 



TRICHONE'MA, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Iridaccre. It has a regular 6-cleft perianth, with spreading segments ; 

 the three stigmas are bifid ; the lobes slender. T. Columluc is the only 

 British species; it has a solitary 1 -flowered nodding scape; filiform 

 compressed leaves ; the spathe longer than the tube of the corolla ; 

 the style shorter than the stamens. The flower is pale purple or 

 violet, with a yellow centre. It is found in sandy places in Jersey and 

 Guernsey. (Babingtou, Manual of British Botany.) 



TKICHOPHORUS. [MEBL-LIDJB.] 



TRICHOPHYTON. [ENTOI-HTTA.] 



TRICHOPTERA. [NEUROPTEKA.] 



TRICHOSANTHIS, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural 

 order Cucurbitacae. Many of the species are edible, and from the 

 long often siuous-formcd fruit they have been named Snake-Gourds ; 

 the Anyuinu of some botanists. The fruit of many of the species is 

 eaten in India, whilst that of others contains a purgative principle. 



TRICHOSPERMI, a tribe of Plants belonging to the sub-order 

 Gasteromycettt, of the natural order fungi. It is known by its 

 peridium being single or double, bursting when full grown, and 

 pouring forth abundant naked dust-like sporidia. The sporidia are 

 subglobose and rather large, and ore collected more or less in the 

 centre of the peridium, and ore loose or interwoven with the flocci. 

 The genera belonging to this order are rather numerous, and are 

 divided into Trichogastra, those having a fleshy consistence, and 

 Myxogaitra, those having a soft and mucilaginous consistence. 



To the first division belong all those forms of Funyi which are 

 popularly known as Puff-Balls, Blind-Man's-Buff, Devil's Snuff-Boxes, 

 &C. They have obtained these names on account of -the property 

 they possess of giving out when in a ripened state the sporules with 

 which their interior is filled. These sporules are so exceedingly small 

 and light, that on the peridium, or external covering of the plant, 

 being broken, they rise into the air like smoke. Many of these 

 sporules do not measure more than from 1( ,V,,th to ^ fi jth of an inch 

 in diameter. They possess a curious property of repelling the 

 particles of water, so that if the surface of a basin of water is covered 

 with them, the band may be plunged to the bottom of it without 

 being wetted. [BovisTA ; LYCOPEKDOK ; FUNUL] 



TRICHOSTOMA. [NEUIIOPTKKA.] 



TRICHO'TROPIS (from the root T/HXO, hair, and rpbta, a keel), 

 a genus of Gasteropodous Molluica. 



The shell is turbinated aud carinated externally ; the aperture 

 wide, but still longitudinal and rather longer than the spire, its base 

 entire without any notch, although immediately below the obliquely 

 truncated base of the columella there is an indistinct canal The 

 whole shell is thin and delicate, the outer lip especially. Epidermis 

 horny, forming numerous sharp-pointed bristle-lika processes on the 

 edges of the ciirimc outride the shell, very strong, and by its contraction 

 in drying frequently breaking the edge of the lip. 



Operculum horny, much smaller than the aperture, composed of 

 elliptical lamina: ; its apex or nucleus lateral. Animal resembling iu 

 most particulars a Bncnnum. 



But two or three species of this genus aro known. 



Trichotroflt bicarinata. a, Operculum. 



TRICKLASITE. [FAULVJNITE.] 



TRICOCC^i, the name of a natural order in the ' Fragments of a 

 Natural System' of Linnious. Ku/,ht-l*ia was selected by Liunicus 

 as the type of this order. [BUPROBBUXnUaJ 



TR1CONDYLA. [CTBNOSTOMA.] 



TRIDA'CNA. fTKinACNiDA] 



TRIDA'CNIDxE, a family of ('ouchiferous Molliuca comprising tho 

 genera Tridacna and Ilippopu*. 



Tridacna. Animal oval, cordiform, having the lobes of the mantle 

 united nearly throughout the circumference : three apertures ; two 



