1125 



TROGONID^E. 



1128 



covers the chest and the whole of the upper surface ; two middle tail- 

 feathers green, with black tips; the two next on each side wholly 

 black ; the three outer on each side black, with white tips ; wings 

 black, the whole of which, with the exception of the primaries, is 

 finely dotted with gray ; a crescent of white encircles the chest ; 

 breast, belly, and under tail-coverts, fine scarlet; feet brown. Total 

 length 11 to 12 inches ; wing, 5J inches ; tail, 7^ inches. 



The young male is distinguished from the adult by the gray freckles 

 on the wings being rather stronger and more inclined to brown on 

 the secondaries ; by the extreme outer edge of the primaries being 

 white ; and by the tail being regularly barred with black and white, 

 which character is most conspicuous on the outer edges. 



The female has the top of the head, throat, chest, and back, dark 

 brown, inclining to olive on the upper surface, and to rufous on the 

 chest ; across the chest an obscure band of light gray, the lower part 

 and vent scarlet ; wings black, slightly freckled with brown on the 

 outer edges of the secondaries and shoulders ; the outer edges of the 

 primaries fringed with white ; two middle tail-feathers chestnut-brown, 

 tipped with black ; the two next on each side wholly black ; the 

 remainder strongly barred with black and white for nearly their whole 

 length ; bill yellow, clouded with brown. (Gould.) 



It is a native of the north of Mexico. 



Mr. Gould states that this species is identical with the Troyon gloci- 

 tant of Lichtenstein. 



T. (Apaloderma) Narina, Le Vaill., is a native of South America. 



Narina, whose name this the only known African species bears, was 

 a Gonaqua Hottentot girl, whose charms and manners appear to have 

 produced a great impression on Le Vaillant, and he devotes some 

 pages to her in his ' Travels.' 



Mr. Gould quotes him for information respecting the habits and 

 economy of this bird. Its favourite haunts are the thickest parts of 

 the forest ; and there it sits, nearly motionless, on a low dead branch 

 during mid-day : in the morning and evening it captures its food, 

 consisting chiefly of locusts, beetle*, and other winged insects, with 

 the addition of caterpillars. The account given of the young is extra- 

 ordinary ; for we find it recorded, that " the moment they are excluded 

 they take flight, and follow their parents for a considerable period." 



Trnaon (Apahdtrmo) Farina, mile and female. (Gould.) 



This, if correct, is a rare instance of perfect development among the 

 Jniettorct. We know that the young of the Gallinaceous birds will 

 run as noon as they have left the shell ; but their plumage is most 

 imperfect, and it takes a long time to develop the feathers which are to 

 sustain them in flight ; whilst in the bulk of Insessorial cases the nest- 

 ling is hatched with scarcely anything more than a rudimentary down. 



T. (Apaloderma) Reinwardtii, Temm., is a native of Java and 

 Sumatra, where it was discovered by Professor Eeiuwardt, whose 

 name it bears. 



This, Mr. Gould observes, is a scarce bird in cabinets of natural 

 history ; and he attributes its rarity to its being very local, remarking 

 that the vast collections brought to this country by Sir T. Stamford 

 Raffles and Dr. Horsfield did not contain an example. 



Trogon (Apaloderma) Reinwardtii. 

 Upper figure, adult male ; lower figure, younff bird. 



(Gould.) 



TROGO'NOPHIS (Kaup), a genus of Reptiles. 



TROLLIUS, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Ranunculacece. It has a calyx of 5 or more coloured sepals, 5 or more 

 small petals, which are linear, with an obscure depression above the 

 contracted base ; the capsules, or follicles, are numerous, and filled 

 with obovate-angular polished seeds. The species are perennial ; they 

 are not numerous, and are found generally in the temperate parts of 

 the world. 



T. Europceut, European or Mountain Globe-Flower, has 10 to 15 

 sepals involuted in the form of a globe ; the petals the same length as 

 the sepalj, or a little shorter ; the leaves 5-parted, with the divisions 

 cut and serrated. This plant is diffused throughout the north of 

 Europe, in moist pastures in sub-alpine districts. It is abundant in 

 the whole chain of the Alps, and is aUo found in mountainous districts 

 in the north of England, Ireland, Wales, and Scotland. The flowers 

 are large and handsome : in Scotland they are called Luekengowans, 

 or Cabbage-Daisies. In some parts of England, as well as on the con- 

 tinent of Europe, they are gathered on festive occasions for making 

 garlands and decorating the cottages of the peasantry. There are 

 two species, T. Asiatkns and T. Americanus, which are found in Asia 

 and America. 



TRONA, the African name for Native Sesquicarbonate of Soda. 

 [SODIUM.] 



TROOPIAL. [MoLOTHnus.] 



TROOSTITE, Ferruginous Silicate of Manganese, a Mineral occur- 

 ing crystallised. Primary form a rhomboid. Colour greenish, yellow, 

 gray, and reddish-brown. Fracture conchoidal. Hardness 5'5. 

 Brittle. Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. Translucent to trans- 

 parent. Specific gravity 3'014 to 3'034. Found at Franklin, New 

 Jersey, U. S. Its analysis, by Dr. Thomson gives : 



Silica ........ 30-650 



Protoxide of Manganese .... 46'21f> 



Peroxide of Iron ...... 15-450 



Carbonic Acid and Water . . . . 7 - 300 



- 99-615 



TROPvEO'LACE^E, Indian Cresses, a natural order of Plants. The 

 plants belonging to this order ore smooth, tender, and herbaceous, 

 with diffuse or twining stems, and alternate-petiolate peltate leaves ; 

 the flowers are irregular, axillary, and solitary; the calyx has 5 



