ii. r 



TKOPjEOLUM. 



TBVPHILINE. 



1118 



epals, the upper one with a long distinct spur ; the petals are unequal 

 and irregular, the two upper are sessile and remote, arising from the 

 throat of the calyx, the three lower stalked, and smaller, sometimes 

 abortive ; the stamens, 8 in number, perigy nous, the filaments distinct; 

 the anthers minute, erect, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally; ovary 

 consisting of S carpels ; style 1 , stigmas 3, acute ; ovules solitary, 

 pendulous ; the fruit is indehiscent, separating into three pieces which 

 Hurround a common axis ; the seeds are large, having no albumen, 

 and filled with the embryo, the cotyledons of which are thick and 

 consolidated together into a single body ; the radicle lies within the 

 projection* of the cotyledons. 



The species of this order differ from Daliaminactic in their more 

 regular flowers, and in the juicy fruit not having a bony lining to the 

 ceUa. They resemble Geraniaceir in the possession of a spur. The 

 genera belonging to this order are Tropaoliun, MayMana, and Chymo- 

 rarptu, all of tliern natives of South America. 



1 i 



TrofttolniH mojia, 



1, brsneh, (bovine peltate learn; i, flower vlth calyx, ipur, snd petals; 

 S, aatbrr ; 4, tricpulir fruit with tingle di ; 5, petal remoml. 



TROP^E'OLUM (from rpbrouot>), a genus of Plants, the type of the 

 order Tropmlacvr. It has a 5-parted calyx, the upper lobe being fur- 

 nished with a spur ; S petals, unequal, the three lower ones smallest 

 or altogether absent ; 8 sUmenn, free from the bsse ; 3 carpels, some- 

 what crow, kidney lisped, indebiscent, furrowed, roundish ; the teed 

 large, filling the cell The species of this genus, which derives it* 

 name from the petiole being inserted into the centre of the leaf, giving 

 it the form of a buckler, arc all of them inhabitants of South America. 

 They are all climbing plant*. 



T. minut. Small Indian Creas or Nasturtium, has peltate-nerved 

 orbicular leaven, the nerves mucronate at the apex ; the petals each 

 ending in a brittle-like point This plant is a native of Peru. It is 

 one of the tpecies of tlie genus that was earliest brought to Europe, 

 and was cultivated in Kngland by Uerardo. It ha* deep-yellow flowers 

 Htrraked with orange and red. The whole plant possesses an acrid 

 flavour and odour which are peculiar to this order and the Crucifera. 

 It is on this account that all the species of Trojxeolum have obtained 

 the common name of f>aiiuttium, which i* the name of a genus of 

 plant* belonging to C'mci/rnr. The fruit of this plant is pickled, and 

 eaten in the tame way as capers ; the flowers and leave* may also be 

 eaten as a salad. There is a variety in the gardens with double flowers. 



T. mojm. Great Indian Cress or Nasturtium, ha* the leave* peltate- 

 nerved, orbicular, somewhat 6-lobed ; nerves not mucronate ; petals 

 obtuse. This plant is also a native of Peru. It was introduced into 

 Englsnd, according to Peter Collincon, says Smith, in the year 1686. 



It ha* much larger flower* than the preceding, but having the same 

 colour and general appearance. The fruit of this, when green, like 

 the preceding species, is made into a pickle, for which it* warm biting 

 character renders it very fit 



T. ailuncum, Hooked Indian Cress or Nasturtium, is a native of 

 both Mexico and Peru. 



T. tricolorum, the Tricolor Indian Cress or Nasturtium, is a native 

 of Chili at Coquimbo. It has a calyx of an orange-scarlet colour, and 

 tipped with black, whilst the petals are yellow. It is the most showy 

 and handsome of the species. 



T. penlajittylluia, Five-Leaved Indian Cress or Nasturtium, ha* 5 

 leaflet* which are ovate or ovato-lanceolatc, entire, and stalked ; only 

 2 petals, which are sessile, acute, quite entire, shorter than the calyx. 

 It in a native of Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, and Brazil in the province 

 of Cisplatine. 



T. azurfum, Purple Indian Cress or Nasturtium, baa the leave* 

 5-parted, with linear unequal laciuijp ; equal entire bilobed petals, 

 much longer than the calyx, with a spur shorter than the petals. Thin 

 plant was discovered by Mr. Miers, and first described in his ' Travels 

 iu Chili,' and hod been previously seen by Mr. Bridges on the Carycam 

 de Quillota, 4000 feet above the surface of the sea. It is remarkable 

 for its blue flowers. 



TROP^EUM, Mr. Sowerby's name for a genus of Ammonllrt, 

 apparently identical with Crioccratitn, and consisting of those species 

 which hare their whorls disconnected, such as Vrloceratiltt l>urallii. 



Orioteratita lliitallii. 



TROPHIS (from rpi<t>u), a small genus of Plants belonging to the 

 natural order Arlocarpacea. The species are found both in the East and 

 West Indies. The flowers are dioacious ; spike hue, axillary : male, 

 perigone 3 leaved, spreading, stamens 4 ; female, perigone 3-leavcd ; 

 ovary ovate, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded ; stigma bifid. The species form milky 

 trees with alternate entire leaves. 



T. Americana, the Ramoon-Trec, is 20 feet high, and a native of the 

 West India Islands, where the leaves and twit's make a wholesome 

 fodder for cattle in the inland woody parts of Jamaica. The drupes 

 are about the size of grapes, and have a pleasant flavour. 



T. atpera is a native of aud common in all parts of India, some- 

 times shrubby, but it also grows into a small crooked tree. Its leaves 

 are oblong, unequally serrate, and so scabrous as to be employed by the 

 natives in polishing ivory. The berries are greedily eaten by birds. 



T. ipinota another Indian species, less common, is thorny ; leaves 

 oblong lanceolate, grossly serrate towards the apex, smooth ; female 

 calyx twice the length of the ovary, and eaten by the natives iu their 

 curries. 



TROPIC BIRD. [PUAETOB.] 



TROPIUOOASTER. [IUUANID*.] 



TROPIDO'LEPIS. [IOUANIDA] 



TROPIDOLOPI'SMA. [SciNf .u.*.] 



TROPIDO'PHORUS. [SCISCIU.K] 



TROPIDORHYNCHUS. [MKU 



TROPIDOSAURUa [SAURIA.] 



TROPIUU'KUa [IiiOAN 



TROUT. [SALMON-ID*.] 



TRUMPETER (Ornithology), the vulgar name for Ptophia crepi- 

 tani, misprinted Trophia crepiiaiu in the article AGAMI. 

 TRUNK OF TREES. [AE OK THEM ; EXOGENS.] 

 TRYQON. FRAUD.*:.] 



TRYPHILINE, a Mineral occurring crystallised and massive. 

 Primary form a right rhombic prism. Massive variety has a coarsely 

 lamellar or crystalline structure, with cleavages parallel to the planet 

 of n right rhombic prism. Colour greenish -gray. Streak grayish- 

 wliite. Hardness 50. Translucent in thin pieces. Specific gravity 

 :)'). Found at Bodeumais in Bayern. Its analysis gives : 



Phosphoric Acid 41-47 



Protoxide of Iron 48-57 



Protoxide of Manganetc 4-70 



Lithia 3-40 



Silica 0-63 



Water 0-68 



99-35 



