1129 



TUBE, EUSTACHIAN. 



TUBICOLID^E. 



1130 



TUBE, EUSTACHIAN. [EAB.] 



TUBER, in Systematic Botany. [TOBEBACE.E.] 



TUBER, in Structural Botany. [ExoGENS.] 



TUBERA'CE^E, a section of the sub-order Gasteromycetet, of the 

 natural order fungi. It is known by its sporangia being membrana- 

 ceous, and scattered on a serpentine vein-like hymenium, and included 

 in a concrete uterus. The sporidia are at first pulpy. This section 

 includes the genus Tuber, the Common Truffle, and Rhizopogon, the 

 White Truffle. The species of these genera are not numerous, and 

 are found very generally diffused throughout the temperate parts of 

 the world, and growing buried beneath the soil. 



The genus Tuber has a closed uterus marbled internally with veins ; 

 the sporangia are pedicillate, and confined to the veins. 



T. cibariwn, the Common Truffle, is known by its surface being 

 warty and of a black colour. It is found buried in the soil of woods, 

 especially beech-woods, sometimes at the depth of ten or twelve inches 

 or more. It is a native of Europe, and is also found in Japan and 

 the Kast Indies. It grows abundantly in some parts of England. 

 This is one of the few species of the natural order Fungi that is used 

 as an article of diet. For this purpose they appear to have been used 

 by the Greeks and Romans ; the latter especially considered them a 

 delicacy. It may be however a question as to whether the Roman 

 ' tuber ' is really the common truffle. There can however be no doubt 

 that it had a similar form, origin, and use. The truffle when gathered 

 for eating is abou' the size of a large walnut, and has a very peculiar 

 smell. The flavour is not remarkable, and resembles in some measure 

 that of the mue broom and rnorel. 



T. motchatum, Musk-Scented Truffle, baa a roundish smooth blackish 

 appearance, and is a much rarer plant than the last. It has been found 

 in Great Britain, and is characterised by the musky odour which it 

 gives out. 



The genus Rhizopogon has a sessile uterus, bursting irregularly, and 

 marbled internally with anastomosing veins and sessile sporangia. 

 The II. albut of Bulliard is the Tuber albus of older botanists, and is 

 called White Truffle, and by some writers, from its Greek appellation, 

 Root-Beard. 



TUBERCULARI'NI, a tribe of Plants belonging to the sub-order 

 Coniomycelei, of the order Fungi. The species are characterised by 

 their sporidia being glued together and forming an erumpeut disc. It 

 includes the geuera Tubercularia and Fuiarium. All the species are 

 found on dead and decaying sticks and branches and trunks of trees, 

 and on the decaying stems of various herbs. The Tubercularia vul- 

 garu is a very common fungus, and is found on dead branches, espe- 

 cially those of the currant-tree in the autumn of the year. It forms 

 upon these branches little scarlet or rose-coloured patches which are 

 frequently very conspicuous. The Fmariwn roteum forms smaller red 

 patches than the last, and is found on the stems of decaying herbaceous 

 plants, as those of the bean, tulip, Jerusalem artichoke, &c. 



TUBEROSE. [POLYANTHES.] 



TUBICINELLA. [CIBBHIPEDIA ; CKTACEA.] 



TUBICOL.E. [ANNELIDA.] 



TUBICOLI'D.E (Lamarck), a family of Conohiferous Mollusca. 



Lamarck observes that the Tubicolidce are undoubtedly conchifers, 

 but of such great singularity, that some among them have been referred 

 to other classes by modern naturalists ; and he adds that it is singular 



Aitpfff/tlli4fn tfortt Zealitnditr. 

 a, the TtlTei Incriutcd In the tube ; li, front view of disc. 



to find a bivalve shell inclosed in a testaceous tube, and still more 

 singular to see it incrusted in or built into the wall of that tube, and 

 concurring to complete such wall. 



a, the valves incrusted in the tube ; 6, front view of disc. 



The singularity of the Tubicolidce, as well as that of the Pholades, 

 has, he further remarks, caused a misconception of the real essentials 

 of the shells which belong to the family, namely, two similar, equal, 

 regular valves, articulated by a hinge. As in the shells of the Tubi- 



Aspcrgillitm vaglnifenim. 

 a, the valves incrustod in the tube. 



colidai there are some which have accessory pieces apart from their 

 valves ; so, as one sees in the Pholades, some naturalists have taken 

 them for multivalve shells, a notion which has given rise to very odd 

 associations. 



