TON NY. 



TUPAIA. 



1140 



TliU nieUmorpliosU wu observed by Sir John Graham Dalycll, both 

 in a solitary aud compound Ascidian, namely, in Atcidta ji;/i//a 

 (solitary) and in AplidiuM rerrueonn (compound). (See ' Edinburgh 

 New Pnilowphioal Journal,' January, 1839, ToL zxvl, p. 152.) But 

 In 1S2S Hewn. Audouin and Milne-Edwards had proved that the 

 compound AfcMiana are at their birth endowed with sufficiently 

 extensive locomotive faculties, and that, in the progress of age, they 

 underwent a true metamorphosis (' Ann. des Sciences Nat.,' 182S, tome 

 XT., p. 10) ; and M. San, as well as Sir John Graham Dalyell, subse- 

 quently verified the fact, which had been doubted by certain naturalist*. 

 The observation* of M. Sars were made upon the Bulrylli of the Nor- 

 wegian coasts. The metamorphosis of these animals is admirably 

 described and figured in the beautifully-illustrated paper by M. Milne- 

 Kdwards, entitled, ' Observations sur Us Ascidies composees des Cotes 

 de La Manchc,' read before the French Academy of Sciences on. the 

 llth of November, 1839, wherein the structure and general physiology 

 of thf-p highly -iutpresting animals is explained in a masterly manner. 



Amarovcium proliferum, natural size. 



Mau of thf lame (pcciw, mafnifled, (Milne-Edwardi.) 



A fossil, supposed to belong to the Tunicatn, has been figured and 

 described by Sir Roderick Murchison in bis ' Silurian System,' to 

 which the name fichmlilu Kvaiyii bos been given. 



hrhaditci Kitniyii. 

 TfXNY. [SCOMBRIDX] 



TUI'AIA, Sir T. Stamford Uaffles's name for a genus of Mammalia 

 which Dr. Horsficld place* union? Cuvier's Insectivorous Carnos-iers, 

 the Ftne of Linnrcus, and the Palcvlala of Illiger. It has the follow- 

 ing generic characters : Head oblong, depressed. Snout long, equally 

 attenuated ; nostrils lateral, lemilnnar. Eyes very large, and rather 

 prominent. Ears large and oblong. Body cylindrical, covered with 

 clone fur and -oft hairs. Tail longer than the bo 1y, linear, compressed. 



Ft et plantigrade and pentadacty le, the soles naked, the toes compressed 

 and the claws falcular. 



Heud of Tttftaia tatia, natural si/e. 

 a, profile ; t, seen from above. (Horr field.) 



In the Malayan language the name of Tupai is a general term for 

 various small animals which have the external form aud agility of the 

 squirrel. 



T. Juvaniea ; Bangsring, or Sinsring, of the Javanese. Dr. H.'i - 

 field says that this species has the appearance of a sprightly animal, 

 a character with which its manners, an far as they are known, perfectly 

 agree. " Its body," says Dr. Horefield, " is graceful and handsomely 

 formed, anil its limbs are slender ami fitted for great agility : its size 

 and exterior habits so nearly resemble the individuals of that family 

 which Illiger has denominated Animuli'i Aytlia, that, on a superficial 

 view, it has been considered to belong to it. Our animal agrees with 

 one of the most numerous sections of this family, the Squirrels, in the 

 form of the body, the proportional length of the extremities, the 

 breadth of the tail, and the faculty of carrying it on the bock as a 

 plume; but the succeeding detail* will show that its structure and 

 organisation are essentially different," 



2 2 14 



Dentil Formula : Incisors, - ; Canines, - ; Molars, _. 



Teeth of Tupaiu Jarattica, 



a, upper jaw : In thla view the animal in lappowd to bo laid on iu back, and 

 the spectator to be looking don on the upper jaw ; k, lower j;iw cer. from 

 above. (Ilorificld.) 



Dr. Horsfield describes the claws as sharp, compressed, and curved ; 

 and, in comparison with those of Sorex and several other genera of this 

 order, of considerable strength : they are, he observes, individually 

 supported by a small protuberance similar to that which is found in 

 the Tanii ; and the construction of the claws in the Bangaring is 

 adapted, he remarks, to the same food and habiu as those of the other 

 specie < of Tupaia. The linear tail, of the same length as the body, is 

 compressed, witli the hairs spreading fur on each side ; but, adds Dr. 

 Horsfield, it is less full and ornamental than in the Squirrel. The 

 fur of the Bangsring is close, silky, aud delicate, with a few longer, 

 more rigid, and darker coloured hairs dispersed among the long and 

 straight hairs closely applied to the skin, with which the back, neck, 

 sidei, tail, and extremities above are furnished. The upper parts arc. 

 brown, slightly diversified with gray of different p hades ; the lower 



