1111 



TUPINAMBIS. 



TURBINID.E. 



1142 



parts dirty white, with a slight tint of grayish : the tail agrees with 

 the upper parts ; and the scapular line, which is nearly an inch long, 

 agrees with the neck. 



Head of Tupaia Jatanica, (Ilorsficld.) 



a, fore foot ol Tapaia Jatanica ; 4, hind foot of the same. (Horsfleld.) 



The Bangsring fell under Dr. Horsfield's observation during an 

 early period of his researches in Java. In traversing the province of 

 Blambangan, in 1806, he discovered it in the extensive forests which 

 almost entirely cover the eastern extremity of the island ; and he 

 thinks that its range, though it may not be confined exclusively to 

 that province, is extremely limited. 



Tupaia Jatanica. (HorsBeld 



Sir Stamford Raffles states that a tame Tupaia ferruginea was suf- 

 fered to go about at perfect liberty, ranged in freedom over the whole 

 house, and never failed to present himself on the breakfast and dinner- 

 table, where he partook of fruit and milk. 



TUPINAMBIS. [MONITORS*.] 



TUPISTRA, a genus of Plants nearly allied to the natural order 

 Smilacae, and referred by Lindley to the order LiliaceG. 



TURBINA'CEA, M. De Blainville's name for his sixth family 

 of Polythalamacea, including the genera Cibicidet and Rotalites, 

 microscopic Foraminifera. Lamarck's Turbinacea might include 

 M. D'Orbigny's fkiuurclla. [TuRBiniD*.] 



TURB1NKLLA. [SIPHOKOSTOMATA.] 



TURBI'NID/E, a family of Qasteropodous Mollusca. 



Linnaeus places his genus Turbo, in his last edition of the 'Systema 

 Natune,' between Trochut and Hdir, with the following characters : 

 Animal a Limas, or Slug. Shell univalve, spiral, solid. Aperture 

 narrowed, orbiculnte, entire. 



The Turbinacea of Lamarck belong to his first section of Traoheh- 

 pod, nH constitute the last family of his Phytlphagous or Plant-Eating 

 Trachellpods, those, namely, which in general have no proboscis, but 

 a muzzle with two jaws,' and which appear to be simply herbivorous ; 

 those, finally, whose shell oners at the base of its aperture neither 

 notch directed backwards nor any canal whatever. All are marine 

 helix, conoid or turriculate, and appear to be provided with an oper- 

 culum. When one of these shells is placed on its base, its axis la 



always inclined more or less, and is never vertical. (' Animaux sans 

 Vertebres.') 



Lamarck's Turbinacea consist of the genera Solarium, Rotetta, Tro- 

 chus, Monodonta, Turbo, Planaxii, Phasianella, and Turrilella. 



The Sabots (Turbo, Linn.) of Cuvier comprise the Sabots properly 

 so called (Turbo, Lam.) ; Pleurolomaria, of which he considers the 

 Sciisurellce of D'Orbigny living species ; Titrritella, Lam. ; Scalaria, 

 Lam., and the terrestrial and fresh-water genera Cydostoma, Lam., and 

 Valvata, Miiller. [TROCHIDJ:.] 



The Cricostomata of M. De Blainville consist of the genera Turbo, 

 Pleurotomarium, Delphinula, Turritella, Prolo, Scalaria, Vcrmetus, Sili- 

 quaria, Magilus, Valrata, Cydostoma, and Paludina. 



In Woodward's ' Manual of the Mollusca' the Turbinidte are thus 

 defined : Shell spiral, turbinated or pyramidal, nacreous inside ; oper- 

 culum calcareous and paucispiral, or horny and multispiral. Animal 

 with a short muzzle; eyes peduuculated at the outer bases of the 

 long and slender tentacles ; head and sides ornamented with fringed 

 lobes and tentacular filaments (cirri) ; branchial plume single ; lingual 

 ribbon long and linear, chiefly contained in the visceral cavity ; median 

 teeth broad; laterals 5, denticulated; uuciui very numerous (sometimes 

 nearly 100), slender, with hooked points. 



The shells of nearly all the Turbinidfe are brilliantly pearly, when 

 the epidermis and outer layer of shell are removed. Many of them are 

 used in this state for ornamental purposes. 



The following genera are embraced in the family thus defined : 



Turbo. Shell turbinated, solid; whorls convex, often grooved or 

 tuberculated ; aperture large, rounded, slightly produced in front; 

 operculum shelly and solid, callous outside and smooth, or variously 



Turio marmoratHS. 



a, view of back ; t, view of mouth with the operculum in ; e, inside of opcr- 

 culum. 



