TURKEY-HONB. 



TURRILITES. 



1148 



tree or log, on the mere fragment* of rotten wood with which it is 

 ordinarily strewed. Occasionally, in the Southern State*, they hare, 

 he tell u, been known to make choice of the ruined chimney of a 

 JktartuJ houM for thia purpose. The egg*, which are described a* 

 being larger than thoee of a turkey, are yeUowish-whito, blotched irre- 

 gularly with dark-brown or blackish spot*, at the larger end chiefly. 

 The male often attends while the female is sitting; and, if not mate- 

 rially disturbed, they will continue to occupy the same place for 

 several yean in succession. The young, which are covered with a 

 whitish down, will, like their parent*, eject the filthy content* of their 

 itomachs over thoee who molest them. (' Manual of the Ornithology 

 of the United States and of Canada.') 



Turkey-Buzzard ( I'vllar aura). 



TURKEY-HONE, a common nama of Wkettlate or fftnacHlite. 

 [SLATE.] 



TURMERIC. [CcBCUMA.1 



TURNERA. [TcBNERACE*.] 



TURNER A'CEyE, a natural order of Exogenous Plants. It possesses 

 an inferior calyx, often coloured, having 5 equal lobes imbricated in 

 activation ; 5 petals, which are inserted into the tube of the calyx, 

 equal and twisted in estivation ; 6 stamens, which are also inserted 

 into the calyx below the point of insertion of the petals, with which 

 they alternate with oblong 2-celled anthers; a superior ovary 1-celled, 

 with 3 parietal placenta:, indefinite ovules, 3 or 6 styles, which cohere 

 more or lew together; a 3-valved capsule, the valves bearing the 

 placenta in the middle, and opening from about as far as the middle 

 of the capsule ; seeds with a reticulated testa and a membranous aril, 

 and a slightly-curved embryo lying in the midst of fleshy albumen, 

 and having the radicle turned towards the liilutu. This order has 

 only two genera, Turnera, and Piriyueta. All the species are herbaceous 

 planU, in some instances having a tendency to become shrubby. 



1 31 



Turnria ulmi/alia. 



I, cutting, nhowlna; axillary solitary flowers ; 1, -rction of flower, with oruy, 

 style, and mulliAd stigma ; 3, Mellon ol capsule ; 4, Tlrc with parietal pl- 

 1 1 4, seed with reticulated tola and aril. 



The affinities of this order are with Fourquieracca, Cutaeta;, Mai- 

 vacea, Loataeta, and Pattiftoracta, especially with the two last The 

 species of this order are exclusively natives of the West Indies and 

 South America. 



TURNE1UTE, a Mineral occurring in attached crystals. Primary 

 form an oblique rhombic prism. Cleavage parallel to both diagonals 

 of the prism. Fracture oonchoidal. Hardness 4-5 to 5-0 ; readily 

 scratches phosphate of lime. Colour yellow or brownish-yellow. 

 Lustre vitreous. Translucent ; transparent. Dissolves almost entirely 

 in hydrochloric acid. It is found at Mont-Sorel, in the department 

 of Iscre. It consists principally of alumina, lime, and magnesia, with 

 a small quantity of iron, and a minute portion of silica. 



TURNIP. [DRASSICA.] 



TURNIP-FLY. [HALTICA.] 



TURNIX. [PERDICID*.] 



TURNSOLE. fHr.i.ioTROi'iuM ; SCK-FLOWEB.] 



TURNSTONE. [CUARADRIAI . ] 



TURPENTINE is a name applied to tho resinous secretion which 

 exudes from moat of the species of Coniferous Plants. [CONIFER.*:.] 

 It consists of a mixture of oil of turpentine and re.-in. The oil of 

 turpentine is obtained for commercial purposes by distilling the tur- 

 pentine. The resin which is left after the distillation of the oil of 

 turpentine is the rosin of the shops. [On, OF TURPENTINE, in ARTS 

 AND So. Div.l 



TURPENTINE-TREE, a name given to some of the species of 

 trees belonging to the genus J'itlacia. [PisTACiA.] 



TURPI'NIA, a small genus of trees of the natural order Cdat- 

 tracea; named in honour of M. Turpin, a French botanical artist. 

 T. pomifera, an Indian species, is called Junki-Jam in Silhet, where it 

 bears a yellow roundish fruit of the size of a medlar. 



TURQUOISE (CalaUc, Odontalite), a Mineral occurring in botryoidal 

 or mammillated masses. Colour greenish-blue, of various shades. 

 Fracture conchoidal, rough, and uneven. Commonly opaque ; some- 

 times translucent on the edges. Streak white. Hardness 5'0 to 60. 

 Specific gravity 2'8 to 3'0. It occurs in alluvial cluy in Persia. It has 

 been found to consist of 



Phosphoric Acid 3090 



Alumina '50 



Oxide of Copper 3-75 



Oxide of Iron 1*0 



Water 19'00 



99-95 



The Occidental Turquoise, found near Simon, in Lower Languedoc, 

 is stated to bo merely bone coloured by phosphate of iron. According 

 to La Orange, it consists of 



Phosphate of Lime 80-0 



Carbonate of Lime 

 Phosphate of Iron 

 Phosphate of Magnesia 

 Alumina 

 Water 



vij 

 2-0 

 2.0 

 1-5 

 1-6 



-95-1 



TURR/KA, a genus of PlanU belonging to the natural order 

 Mdiacca, named in hotlour of an Italian botanist, O. Titrra of Padua. 

 Many of the species are highly ornamental, forming trees or shrubs in 

 the interior of the Cape of Good Hope, in Madagascar, Mauritius, 

 and in the eastern parts of India. 



TURRILITES, De Montfort's name for a genus of Testaceous 

 1'olyi/uilamcca., occurring in a fossil state in the Cretaceous Forma- 

 tions. Mr. Sowerby ('Min. Conch.,' vol. i. page 81) gives the generic 

 character thus : 



Shell spiral, turreted, chambered ; the turns contiguous, all visible ; 

 chambers divided by sinuous septa, pierced in their discs ; aperture 

 round. 



Jurrilitcl coitfttw. 



