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COAL PL A NT> That coal is the result of the mineralisation of 

 vegetable remains is abundantly proved, l>th by the numerous 

 impressions of plants found in cininertion with it, and by the traces 

 of organisation which are still discoverable in it. 



In general the impressions of plant* occur chiefly in the shale of 

 the coal-measures, that is, in the mud which separates the sen 

 coal, or in the sandstone or ironstone associated with the coal forma- 

 tion; and as such impreosious are much more distinct than any that 

 occur in the coal itnelf, it is chiefly from them that our idea* of the 



vegetation from which coal has been produced have l 



. i i i i . i _ 



The finest example I have ever witnessed is that of the coal-mines 

 of Boh. MntioMd. The most elaborate imit.it i,m> of living 



foliage upon the painted ceilings of Italian palaces War no romp 

 with the beauteous profusion of extinct vegetable formr with which 

 the galleries of these instructive coal mines are overhung. The roof 

 is covered as with a canopy of gorgeous tapestry, 6nri<hc<l with 

 festoons of most graceful foliage, flung in wild irregular j.r 

 over every portion of its surface. The effect is heightened by the 

 contrast of the coal-black colour of these vegetables with the light 

 irniiind-work of the rock to which they are attached. The spectator 

 feels himself transported, as if by enchantment, into the forests of 

 .mother world; he beholds trees of form* and characters now 

 unknown \i|wn the surface of the earth, presented to his senses 

 almost in the beauty and vigour of their primeval life ; their scaly 

 stem* and bending branches, with their delicate apparatus of foliage, 

 are all spread forth before him, little impaired by the lapse of 

 countless ages, and bearing faithful records of extinct systems of 

 vegetation, which began and terminated in times of which these 

 relics are the infallible historians." 



tins consist chiefly of impression* of leaves separated 

 from their branches, and of caste of trunks more or less in a broken 

 state ; and with them occur now and then pieces of wood or remains 

 of trees in which the vegetable texture is to some extent preserved. 

 Of the leaves the greater part is more or less mutilated; those of 

 fenw, which are extremely numerous, have lost their fructification in 

 the majority of instance*; and it frequently happens that the 

 leaflet* of compound leaves have been disarticulated , ith. T wholly 

 or partially. Stems or trunk* are in all cases in a state which must 

 be supposed to result from decay previously to th> >n into 



coal; destitute of bark, or with the prin<-.|.:il part of that i nv.-lope 

 gone, and often pressed quite flat, so that all trace of their original 

 convexity is destroyed. Where ripe fruit* are met with, they are not 

 in cluster* as they probably Were when alive, but separated into 



