

COCCOI.ITK 



> of aiartains if ito consumption w*r* put a 

 ate to. sad that th* nlu ru an-l Bolivia amount* to 



*W. < .. and a half million, of dollar. a yar. 



Th* doitinc pruxnpU of UM Cook ha* not yet Urn inquired into. 

 It u etotod by Pbppig te b. of > wry oUtil* . **_* 

 U, oaly tw;iv* iSlh. old baooaj. perfectly UMrt and good for 

 of UM frwhly^lried leaves, particularly 

 iffuse very strong 



hay in which there U . quantity of mrlil.it. 

 it .Iranian to sleep MM- them, as they woold 

 liTToo-qoanor. When kept in amall 

 low iU Mat and become. 



alhfcsf -Large b*ap* of the freshly -dried leaves, 

 wk.W th* warm rays of th* *un ar* upon thorn, diffuse i 

 MU. r..*aabHag that of hay to which there U a quanti 



artioa*. and *ft*r fcw month*. tit* coo* low iU Mat and become. 

 U.k proportion. Th* aorta. think. that th* grassy *mdl and 

 frmh hue an a* perceptiUe b th* old *tato M when new, and thu 

 to be expected with UM Peruvian, who never us it without the 

 tiHHIii of ban* ttoe. Without thu, which always excoriates the 

 oath of a stranger, toe native* declare that ooca ha* not it* true 

 tost*. a AaToar. by the bye, which can only be detected after a loop 

 e* of ii It tbon tiara grew UM carefnUy-ewallowed spittle, aixl 

 f the 



yield* aa M U * L ~ of the avne colour. Of the Utter clone I made 

 tnal. and found that H h*d a flat jnu. like UU, but I experienced 

 UM full power of iU stimulating principle*. When taken in the 

 evening it wa* followed by great restleasneas, low of sleep, and gene- 

 rally uacumfortable sensationii; while, from iu exhibition in the 

 mommc. a similar effect, though to a slight degree, arose, accompanied 

 wilt Tloi. of appatite. The English physician, Dr. Archibald Smith. 

 who ha* a *u|rar plantation near Hiuauoo, once, when unprovided 

 with Hi in MI tea, mad* a trial of the ooca aa a substitute for it, Km 

 XDerMnosd such distressing sensation* of nerrou* excitement that 

 h* avw ventured to u*e it (gain. The Peruvian increases its effect* 

 by Urg* <\imm. utter retirement, and the addition of other stimulating 

 mbrfanock. The inordinate us* of the ooca speedily occasions bodily 

 flhusrr. and detriment to UM moral powers; but still the custom 

 may b* pia*d in for many yaars, especially if frequently inter- 

 ntittod, and a Coqooro sometimes attains the age of fifty, with com- 

 parati**ly few complaint*. But the oftener the orgies are celebrated, 

 especially in a warm and moist climate, the sooner are their dent motive 

 weet* mad* evident. For this reason the native* of the cold and 

 try dktricta of the Amies are more addicted to the consumption of 

 coca than those of the close forest*, where, undoubtedly, other 

 sUmulanU do bat take it* place. Weakness in the digestive organs, 

 which, lik* moit inourahl* complaints, increases continually in a 

 Creator or loss day**, first attack* the unfortunate Coquero. Thin 

 oumpUint, which is called 'opilacion,' may be trifling at the beginning, 

 bat toon attains an alarming height. Then come bilious obstructions, 

 sltoill with all thos* thousand painful symptoms which are 

 so much aggravated by a tropical climate. Jaundice and derangement 

 of th* anno* system follow, along with pains in the head, and such 

 a pn-Wation of strength that the patient speedily loses all appetite ; 

 the ho* of th* whites assumes a leaden colour, and a total inability 



to *l**f> cnsu**, which aggravate* the mental depression of the 



. . ...... _. .. 



osi) of UM herb to which he owe* his suiferinga, but craves brandy in 

 **H****~ The appetite become* quite irregular, sometime* failing 

 altof*th*r, and sometimes asntnlng quite a wolfish voracity, espe- 

 cially fur animal food. Thus do 'years of misery drag on. succeeded 

 at length by a paiuf.il .l-tl.." 



(Poppig, Rent I'M C'ltilt, Vr., vol. ii. ; Hooker, Companion to Bat. 

 JV*W.[*lvl 



COCCID.fi (Ixch), Galtiiuteto (Latreille), a family of Insect* 

 BMDii by Utreille and other* at the end of the Jiomoplera. These 

 Uiista apparsotly have but on* joint to the tarsi, and this is furnished 

 with a single claw. The male* are destitute of rostrum, and have two 

 wing*, which when cloned are laid horizontally on the body : the 

 of th* abdomen i* furnished with two setas. The females are 

 and provided with a rostrum. The antennc are generally 



Th* Insects belonging to thi* family live upon tree* or plant* of 

 *artoa kind. : they ar* of amall si**, and in the larva state have the 

 amaraa** of oval or round wale*, hence they are called Scale Insect*. 

 They *r* clcadir attached to the plant or bark of the tree they 

 inhabit, aad exhibit no distinct external organ*. At certain season*, 

 whaa about to undergo their transformation, they become fixed to 

 th* plant, and *SMOM the pupa state within the skin of the larva. 

 The pupa of UM maUs ha* thrir two anterior leg* directed forwards, 

 aad the rim lining four backwards ; where** in the female* the whole 

 sis ar* directed backward*. When th* mala* have assumed the 

 wkajad or imajro state lb*y are said to issue from the posterior 

 lliallj of their cocoon. 



IM spring tisM th* body of th. f*m^ b*ooBMatstfly enlarged, 

 aad *|iatiiaili*a more or Was to a spherical farm. In some the skin 

 M s*Both, sad ia oUMT* tranmra* looiaions or vertige* of Mgmente 

 ^rMlhla, ItlshUhtertatethat UMfaiiaUraorivMUMmbtmos. 

 f the ft. *4W which ah. o>po4ta IMT eaxa, whioh an utr.rn.ly 

 aia-f. In MM th. egg* are dapoahaiTby tb* insect beneath 

 kr , body, afW which Z. die*, aad th* body hardens and form* 

 a eaakvlik* onveriac. which *sr*s to protect UM eon until the 

 MMt, whso UMy Utah. Tb. f.m*M. ofother sp*ca 



cover their *gg* with a white cotton-like substance, which annwera 



: 



.nU of thirty specie* of the family CbcnoVr, or OaUuueda, tan 

 numerated in Mr. Stephana's ' Caialogo* of British Iiuecte ; ' *everal 

 of these however have undoubtedly been introduced with the plant* 

 they inhabit, and to which they are peculiar. 



Many of the exotic tWn have long been celebrated for the beautiful 

 dye* they yiald. The Coenu t'orti of Linn*>us may be mcntioni-d a* 

 an instance. The female of this apoie* is of a deep bn>w .-..l..ur, 

 covered with a white powder, and exhibits transverm- ii>ri>j..iH on the 

 abdomen. The male is of a deep red colour, and has white wings. 



Caeeul Carti, mnirniAni. 

 tt, the mule ; b, the feiaatc. 



This insect, which when properly prepared yields the dye called 

 cochineal, is a native of Mexico, and feed upon a particular kin.l ..!' 

 Indian fig, which U cultivated for the express purpose of rearing it. 



IT... MtXEAL.] 



' '. 1 1 id*, an insect found abundantly upon a small speciea of ever- 

 green oak (Queroa cocci/era), common in the xouth of France and 

 many other parts, has been employed to impart a blood-n-<l <T 

 crimson dye to rl.tli from the earliest ages. ('Introduction to 

 Entomology,' by Kirby and Spence, vol. L p. 819.) 



C. Polmiou is another apecies which i used in ilyi-inp, ami 

 impart* a red colour. It U now chiefly employed by the Turk" fr 

 dyeing wool, wilk, and hair, and for xtniniiig the nnil of women's 

 fingers. (Kirby and Spence, vol. i. p. 320.) 



But we are not only indebted to the Cotctu tribe for the dye* they 

 yield ; the substance called Lao is also procured from one <>i 

 insects (the GVv-nu Laeea.) This species inhabits Itnliu, h. 

 found on various trees in great abundance. M Whan <m female* of 

 this (Jocau have fixed themselves to a part of the branch <>t tlir 

 trees on which they feed (/Via rttiyiata, and P. Inilicn, /tiit'it 

 frondon, and KAatntitu Jvjuba), a ]n-llu<-ii| and glutinou.i xubstance 

 begins to exude from the margins of 'he body, and in the end coven 

 the whole insect with a cell of this subHtance, which when hardened 

 by expoaure to the air becomes lac. S., numerous are these insects, 

 and so closely crowded together, that they often entirely cover a 

 branch ; and the groups take different shapes, aa square*, hex;' 

 Ac., according to the space left round the inxfct which first In- 

 form it* cell. t'niliT tin -Be rellx the females deponit their eggs, wliieli 

 after a certain period are hatched, and the young onea eat their way 

 out." (Kirby and gpenoe, vol. iv. p. 142.) 



C. admidum, the Mealy Bug, is an insect well known hi our hot- 

 houses. It attacks vines, pine-apples, ami other pl.mtx. It m of n 

 reddish colour, and is covered with a white inenly i>o\vdcry-looking 

 substance hence its name, 



i'. Vila, tlie Vine-Scale, is another species whieh .!<>,.-. cn-.it mi- In. f 

 to vines on account of the rapidity with which it in propagated. 



' ' //rjcvrtdim is found on orange-trees. C'. Tr*iutli>, the Turtle- 

 Scale, in found on stove-plants exposed to a hi 



Many ways are recommended of getting rid of these insect*, 

 llniiihiiig them off with cold or lukewarm water, when jil:mt-' 

 will bear it, is a good plan, faintim; with xpiritu of tiu-peni 

 exposing them to the fumes of turpentine, or tobacco, or niilphur 

 ha* also been foun.l rfleetiiid. 



COCCI NKU.A. [TKIMKRA.] 



COCCOLITE, a general name for granular varieties of /';/.- 



