

COLfMllll'.K. 



we oan only pak with diffldeooeand unr- 

 k. epeeiea wleienUy .triet or extensive b 

 oooetnsive deduction, can be 

 that the arboreal pigeone. 



with fort formed expressly for 

 which, from their habit* Mid 



Oa IQIWe^D wui.ii, irmu M 



ration with the imseinrial order is supported, 

 one ; the tone pigeons, of which our ring- 

 M.nYbeeo.Jd^tyjc.l,a.eoond : the 

 with fret of different proportions from the 

 nwwed UiU, thinl; the ground .pigeons, or 

 Uil^il rr Tin I ef UM French net urali-te. fourth ; ml the fifth i 

 *M* aUHlr * represented by Vi-illof. genus Jop*rw, in which 

 UMdieti~ fiwn the |^ Columbine form is not to that of Ui. 

 nisei . but to UM Oxiorf*, placed at the farther exteem.ty, 

 and. like the CWewfettVr, another aberrant family of the RworuU 



certain light* The greater wing-coverta and secondary quilU are 

 greeoimh Mck, with a deep and well-defined edging of gamboge- 

 yellow throughout their length. The tail him the two middle feather* 

 wholly green, and slightly exceeding the ret in length ; thews are of 

 a drk bluiih-grmy, with a dark central band. The under tsil-coverte 

 are yellowish-white, barred with green. The legs and toe* are red, 

 the clawi pale gray, etrong, aharp, and eemioircular." (Selby ; and see 

 i'emiumck.) 



I HIM if til- -' "-" -' "- OJwaMAr, ooe part of 

 _ -- mal organisation of the pigeon i> worthy of special notice, 

 Tbe crop, to UM stole which U adapted for ordinary digestion, is thin 

 ad numl* ". and the internal nirfaoe in imooth ; bat by the 

 about to be hatched, the whole, except that part 

 trachea, beeoroea thicker, and put* on a ^MMW 

 it* internal surface very irregular. In this organ 



. 



h b the* the food ia Uhonted by the parent* before it is conveyed 

 uid of a grayiah colour u secreted and 

 the grain or seeds undergoing digestion, 



Toong ; for a milky fluid of a grayiah colour u secreted and 

 Into the crop among the grain or seeds undergoing digestion, 

 and a quality of food raited to the neetling i thus produced. The 

 with aoida and form* curd, and the apparatus form*. 



among birds, the ntaiuet approach to the mamma- of warm-bloo<)e>i 

 nimaW (Btan); henee no doubt the term ' pigeon's-milk.' Tbe 

 number of vertebra amonnte to IS cervical, 7 dorsal, 18 sacral, and 

 7 eandal - 40 (Cnvier). Tbe sternum is narrow, with a deep keel, 

 UM inferior border convex, and the anterior one curved forwards, thin, 

 and trenchant ; the manubrial process is strong and bifurcated, the 

 eneUl ) Humes short. Tbe posterior margin is cleft by two fissures 

 on either aide of the mesial plane, the Uteral and superior fissures 



' deepest ; the mesial ones are occasionally converted int.. a 

 The ooetal surface of the lateral margin is, u in the galli- 



i birds, of very little extent In the crown-pigeon the superior 

 are so deep and wide ss to convert the rest of the lateral 

 margin into a mere flattened process, which is dilated at the extre- 

 mity. (Owen.) 



The distribution of this family is very extensive, the form occurring 

 almoet everywhere, exeept within the frigid zones. The species are 



t in Southern Asia and the Great Indian Archipelago. 



The following definition includes the CWemWo-, to which we shall 

 refer in the present article : - Kill moderate, compressed, covered at 

 UM ha* of the upper mandible with a soft akin, in which the nostrils 

 arc pierced, and more or lees curved at the point Feet with three 

 divided toes in front, and one behind. 



I.MO (Cnvier). BUI comparatively large, strong, thick, and solid, 

 eampressfd at the aide* ; the tip very hard, hooked, and inflated ; the 

 cnpantivrly exposed, and with the swollen or projecting 

 but little developed. Tarsi short, partly clothed with 

 below the tanal joint; sole wide, the membrane being 

 steaded, and UM whole foot formed for perching and grasping ; the 

 enter to* longer than the inner, cUw* strong, sharp, and semicircular, 

 "aleeely resembling in form those of the woodpecker or other scan- 

 sorial birds." (S-ll.y . Wings of mean length, strong and pointed, 

 eenosl and thinl quilU about equal, and the longest in the wing. 

 Mr. Melby says, that in all the species submitted to examination the 

 third quill has the central part of the inner web deeply notched, a* if 

 piece had been cut oat ; and that the prevailing colours are green 

 ad yeilew of dltWen.1 fartenatUea, contrasted more or less in certain 

 parts with rich purple and reddiehJirown. 



Tbe sfiBin inhabit IntertropUal A-i and 

 berries and fniite They are shy and timid, and inhabit the woods. 

 Mr. Belby give* UM following, on the authority of Mr. X.-ill. who, 

 tmking of riney. tfArmmm, cays : " I hail two, but both, I believe, 

 were males Both hail a song, very dttWrnt from the mere cooing 

 ef UM ringdove. When they sang in concert, they gave the same 

 tittle tone, bat an dmVrent keys. After the death of one the sur- 

 vivor wed to stag at oemmand, or, at all evente, when incited t.. it by 



It is the CalmmHa eresvvini of Itham. " The 

 .r> U of a mild and timorous disposition, and is gene- 

 ratly seen In ieoaa or eaeistiei, exeept during the period of reproduo- 

 Men, when they pair. MM! retire to UM noisiii of the forest. The 

 MB* to sfaanle, awl eosapoeed of a few twigs loosely put together, and 

 Ike eajs are two Tbe base or softer pert of the bill is a 



itray. the tip yellowish white, strong, m,,. h 1 ...,i. .1. 

 on the eUe. The forehead to of a bright stT 

 r. the chin and IkMat 



a bright eiakin-green. th< 

 boga-yeHow, the remain 



cmwn greMisfcrav. the chin and Utfont pmboga-yeHow, t 



4er of UM neek. UM breast, belly, lowvr l.rk, and rump, 



fr~n TVe npft hack or mwitlr. sn-l |->rt of the ISMMT wing 



fvverta, ere of a rick brownish-red, and rhil>it s purplioh tinge in 



\ 



Aromntie Vmap> ( Finaft nromntirn], 



It inhabits the continent of India, Java, and other adjacent inlands. 



The habits of this species are arborial. Mr. Sclby, gives the follow- 

 ing note which accompanied th skins of V. militant, and V. aramaticn. 

 "Green Pigeon. This beautiful bird has brilliant red eyes. Its feet 

 something like the parrot' g, and it climbs in the same way as that 

 bird. It is very difficult to find ; for although a flock is marked into 

 a tree, yet its colour is so similar to the leaf of the banyan ( on the 

 small red fig of which it feeds ), that if a bird does not move you may 

 look for many minutes before you can see one, although there may be 

 fifty in the tree." 



}>tilinnp<u ( SwainsonV Wings moderate, first quill contrncted 

 towards the apex, third and fourth longest Bill slender. Tarsi 

 feathered. 



Mr. Swainson says that in proposing the characters of this p'tni, 

 he wifthes them to be considered more as indicating a gronp, by hi. li 

 the genus TWron, Viell. ( Vinago, Cuv.), may be united to the naked- 

 legged pigeons, than as being so rigidly framed as to exclude all ..( I 



to that group ..f Miiiillcr pigeons in which the first quill-feather 

 becomes suddenly narrowed or attenuated towards the tip, and tli 

 tarsi are feathered almost to tin- <lhii<m of the toes. 



The species inliaV.it the Moluccas, the Celebes, and the islands of 

 the Pacific (Selby.) Their habit* are retired ; they live in forest soli- 

 tude*. Food, fruits and berries. 



The following is a description of the genus as restricted by 

 Mr. Selby : Bill comparatively slender, the base slightly depressed, 

 and the soft covering of the nontrils not much arched or swollen; 

 the tip though hard i little inflated, with a gentle curvature ; the 

 forehead is rather low and depressed ; the legs are short but strong ; 

 the tarsi clothed with feather* nearly to the divinion of the toes ; the 

 feet are calculated for grasping, and are similar in form to those of 

 .. the sides of the toes boing enlarged by thr .-xt-'inion of the 

 Uterus! membrane, and the outer longer than the inner one ; the 

 wings are strong, and nf modi'i-nti. length, the flrnt quill-feather con- 

 siderably shorter than the second, and unddenly narrowed toward* tho 

 tip a peculiarity also posessed by several pigeons belonging t.. 

 dintinet groups, and by which means the connexion is thus kept up 

 between them. The third and fourth quills are nearly equal t.. 

 other, and are the longest in the wing. The Uil in of propon 

 length, and generally square at the end. Predominating colour like 

 that of Viaagn, green, varied in part* with yellow and orange, and in 

 some, beautifully encircled with masses of purpUah-red and vivid blue. 



P. ryono-nmu. It is the CottHnba ryann-rimu of Lesson, who 

 described it in the 'Voyage <! l.i Coquille.' The bird is t. 

 Monanopo in the I'apnan toiivuc, nnd inhabits. ay Ix-snon, the pro- 

 found itml Mill vii : V'w 'iuinea. "It was 



ill the ir igM-.Mih..,,,! .,r tin- harbour of Dorery thnt we procured the 



