COAL fORMATIOX. 



COAL FORMATION. 



11 



... . 



; whit* q 



*^ka ^^^^^aOv 



is of ml; (res. MO* to 11,000 ft* ia total 



UM foUowiaf group* or ai 

 Of which i. not elpc-ed, 



- ' with 



la UM. DMbjiabai '***** we >et UM foUowiaf rroop* or mie. : - 



1 " **-'-: UMk aheJ. with their btenteittted lime- 



+~~. M >* pi**.. 4W to Mel 



a lObtaw Oftt : **>*/ li, with nooselnc.*! amall con- 

 (UMnta. ia*imi>,s.l with ahalaa and a few null bed* of coal ; 

 aaWw* 1700 tWi 



.aal U*a*ar* ; attoraatMtM <rf saaoWtons sad thai., with beds 

 eS o*J osd irMMton* ; total IhMuMM, J700 fa* MM! more. 



PTIII i .Jag AMI the Uerbyattre diatrict toward* the north, a 

 grwataal ceaMar* takr |4*c* IB the- CarWiferoua Formation in Midi a 

 V th It bvcnOM* axw* aad mo** a sarie* of Coal Meaaum from 

 ts * bettem TlM MUletoM Ortt U aever anything more than th* 

 fewer pert of the Coal-Measure* in which bed* of strong *and*tone 



WMB TtBaflpW Ml WV p^MM*Ml BOnll OVOODM IIMMV Mid BMW Split Up 



ea* .iUfad by beds f ebale and oooadoaal bed* of ooal The 



liMislaii Hbaia. too. of Derbyahire farther north become, aplit np by 

 heals ef grtaUm aaj h^Mstojae, aad till farther north bybeda of ooal 



I tr* by bash of (bale, UMD 



m split up and iaterstra- 

 ahale and auKktone, and 



and ooala. 



i dirctly and unooofonnably on 

 la Staffonhhir* 



at** OHM 



I Mveral bed* of 'coal 



eaeae teejBtbjST bv UM thJajfijaaT oan\ of she intonuawitafta. nuwaur^a. aiul 

 aaake a aseaa of coal which ia *OOM plaoes i* upward* of SO feet 

 >ttol8b*da 



t DO aubdiTiaioo* 



above UM Old Ke.1 Sandatow are Coal- 

 bad.* of eoal. over which are thiok 



liiatJiiHi I with shale*, so that BO eiagi* mav of Utae- 

 UkM (sat thick. The whole eerie, of Cartxxuferoa* 



i feH thick, the whole 

 of ttmeetaoe in the 

 Metoae of England, 

 in th. following pro- 



M aaid lo U upward* of MOO f*H thick. UM whoU 

 bod* of UnMdoBo in the 



poaad of 



Peat. 



: N 



MM 



*06 



1M 



18* 



that there aerer i* an unbroken act 

 thioknea.ofaach.ort:- 



to all 



UM 



ef I 



-7 . 



D baoabastd Bodotea of day^rc 

 UMsiMissMSBd e%e of tb.Cs 





. . 180 



40 

 . IS 



X8 

 f'.iind occasionally 



aj aa| , 



U 

 ef two 



Th. 



in UM amrth and waat 

 aad Ooal.Ma.Mm. 

 imtim thiokaeai of which M 

 tatol*..i*_A. Low. 



M. 



la UM north nf Irekad UM Car- 

 om of the type of thoe* of Tork- 

 TbeCoal MeMune are utill onotned 



Tb. Co.l-iii.in oo.M of 

 with a rw UU> b*d* of ooal 



i ef Irelaad oaa b* aeouratel* traeed hvto UM 

 efb.ijr.aai Ante, .f . threefold 



i Limretone Group; cunoida], dolomitic, and producttu lime* 

 too**, with chert and anthracite. 



8. Coal-Meaiure* ; abale and aandstone, with coal. 



The formation i* found also at St-Ktienne in central France, where 

 it appear* to oonaut of conglomerate and aandstone below, and shale 

 and auHMtoo* above, with bed* of ooal 



In Weatphalia there are black ahalea below, pawing up into black 

 llniartnno*, and thoee into lighter-coloured limestone, which are 

 covered by black ahalea and landntone in which bed* of coal occur. 



In Kuaiia then are, according to Sir K. Murchinon, two type* of 

 th* formation. The northern type consist* of (ascending order) : 



1. Sand* and Shale* with ooel 



8. Dark-Gray Productus Limestone, Yellow Magnesian Limestone. 

 White Limeatone of Moscow, auale and sandstone, and gray, white, 

 and yellow limestone. 



S. Limeatone*, calcareous grita, and flagntone* capped by oon- 

 glomerat*. 



In thia type th* ooal i* confined to the base of the formation. 



The southern type consist* of : 



1. Sand* and Shale* without coal 



2. Prodiictu* Limestone with thales, sandstone*, and thin lime- 

 stones, with many bed* of coal 



8. Limeetone, oalcareous grits, and flagatonea, with traces of ooal, 

 capped by sandatone oonUining coal plant*. 



In this type the moat eoal occurs about the centre of the formation. 



The above remarks, taken from Mr. Jukes's admirable ' Intro- 

 duction to Physical Geology,' will serve to show the relation of the 

 deposit* of Coal to Ute other rock* and substance* with which it i* 

 found aa*ociard. Tli* Coal-Meajmree above referred to occupy il^K- 

 nite and limited area* of loniewhat conaiderable extent in various 

 part* of Europe, Asia, America, and the islands adjacent The 

 following i* an estimate of the annual production of coal* in various 

 part* of the world a* given by Profeseor Antted : 



Tahlt of Ike Prici,l Coal-FiM, o/ Ike SrilM Wanrfj. 

 from 



COAUnKI.IR. 



1. NartkambrrUndanil llijrh.m Ki.lrict 



t. Cumbt-T land, WeaUnoreland, and Weat 

 Kulinr of Torkahlre : 



Wbittbaren and Akertoa 



Appleby (1 baauu) 



VWrcaaia (Cumberland) , 



Klrbr Ixmadale . 

 ateaablrr, Klmuhlra, and Kortfc 

 MaAtdabin : 



Uaeaakltc Ooal.PUId . 



Fllaubire .... 



Pottery. Sorth Rtaffordahire . 



Cheadlv, North Kuffordahlre . 

 I. Tetkakir*. Nottinchamnhlre, and 



4. 



Graat Yorkibire Coal. Field . 



Dark; Maw, Drrbj-akirr; hhiilrr i 



Mow, DtrlrHiln . 

 i. fbraeaatn aad WoraaKTaklr* : 



CbWbrook Dal*. Shrapahlra , 



Mnewabarr, Hhropablre 



Brown da* Bill, Miropahin . 



TlttttMoM Cl<* Bill, Shropahlre , 



Laity Bill, Worce.tera.lre . 



B*l*r. Wortalr.hlr . 

 ' Boat* KUfbrdthlre : 



Dwllry and Wolrrrhampton . 

 '. WarwMuklra aad LetoeMrrahlre : 



A.bbr-d.la-7ouch 



aad Glmeeatrrahlre : 



roiwl of [Van 

 Xrwrat, O 



' .".M 



SM.MI,,, 



If, 



(t) 



1,600 



I-".' 



I.'". 



40,000 

 10,000 



660,000 

 1,600 



J 1,000 

 16.000 



1,3" 



6,000 



860 



45,000 



r. ,.., 



I". 



40,000 



1.10,000 

 U.OM 



1,600 



II 



U 



< 

 1? 



160 

 39 

 38 



(1) 



17 



10 

 13 



80 



17 



4 



1" 



I) 



40 



2,000 



6,000 

 IN 



1,000 



