CLUSIACE.E. 



CLYTUS. 



Rone-Flowered Balttam-Tree (Otvtia 

 1, an expanded flower ; 2, a calyx (een from below ; 3, the orarr, with a 

 part of the calyx cut away ; 4, a Uarnrerw section of a fruit. 



stigmas 5-6 ; leaves like the preceding, but not emarginate. An 

 elegant tree, native of South America, and epiphytical. on larger trees. 

 The trunk is frequently a foot in diameter. It abounds in a balsamic 

 juice of a green colour, which becomes brown on lieing exposed to 

 the air. The fruit is scarlet, and contains its seeds embedded in a 

 scarlet pulp. Birds are very fond of the seeds, and pluck them out 

 of the fruit while hanging on the tree. The Caribbees use the juice 

 for painting the outside of their boats. The flowers are white, but 

 not handsome. 



C. Quapoya has stalked dioecious flowers; the calyx of 6 or 

 sepals ; the corolla of 5 or 6 yellow petals ; the nectary short, 

 4-5-lobed ; stigmas 5 ; fruit globose ; leaves obovate, acute. It is a 

 native of the words of Guyana, where it is called Quapoy. It is a 

 climbing shrub with yellow flowers, and when cut into yields a white 

 transparent juice. C. panapanari is a similar plant, yielding a 

 yellow juice. C. Jlara is a tree closely resembling C. alba. C. Jlara 

 is said by Endlicher to yield the Hog-Gum of Jamaica. The flowers 

 of < '. ijuignii weep a considerable quantity of resin from the disc and 

 stamens. Von Martins says he obtained an ounce from two flowers. 



All the species grow well in a light sandy loaro, and cuttings root 

 freely in sand under a hand-glass in heat. The pots in which the 

 plants are grown require to be well drained with potsherds. 



(Don, IHchlawydeou* Planti ; Lowdon, /.'//.//. 'ln/artlia of Plantt.) 



CLUSIA'CEVE, orOriTIFKI{.E,6^t/<r.,asmallnaturalorderaf 

 BxOgenoQI I'lants, inhabiting the hotter parts of tropical countries in 

 both the Old and New World. They are readily known by their 

 coriaceous opposite leaves, with very fine veins running parallel with 

 each other in a gentle curve from the midrib to the margin ; by the , 

 absenee of stipules ; their calyx composed of several sepals regularly j 

 overlapping each other, and bearing a definite proportion to the | 

 petals ; their numerous stamens; and their superior ovary, which is 

 in iN'nt cases many-celled and many-seeded, with a peltate radiant 

 itigma. Their fruit is succulent, juicy, and in many cases resembling 

 a large apple or orange. The Mangosteen (Garcinia M nnynttana) is 

 probably the most delicious of any known ; but it has never been 

 B-cn in a fresh state in Europe, for the tree will hardly exist out of 

 its native humid heated atmosphere in the Indian Archipelago. The 

 mort remarkable product of this order is an acrid, purgative, yellow 

 gnm-resin. In one of its forms this is the Camboge or Gamboge of 

 commerce. This substance is well known as a yellow pigment, as 

 also a purgative medicine. The plant which yields the Gamboge of 

 commerce is still unknown. The London College of Physicians in 

 their ' Pharmacopoeia ' refer it to some species of Gnreinia, others 



refer it to species of Cambuyia, Xanthochymut, Hebradendron, and 

 Sl'ilrtijntitis, The East Indian Tacamahaca is yielded by a species of 

 CalopliyUum. [CALOPHTLLUM.] The Butter or Tallow-Tree of Sierra 

 Leone is the Pentadesma bu'yracea. The fruits of many species are 

 esteemed, besides the Mangosteen. The Mammee Apple, or Wild 

 Apricot of South America, is said to be very delicious. Its seeds are 

 anthelmintic ; its flowers yield on distillation a spirit known as Eau 

 de Creole, and wine is obtained by fermenting its sap. The large 

 berries of the Pacouryuva (Platonia insiynit) of Brazil are highly 

 prized on account of their delicious flavour. The fruits of several 

 species of Garcinia [GARCINIA], besides the Mangosteen, are brought 

 to table in the countries where they grow, but they are regarded as 

 very inferior. The blossoms of Mesua ferrea are remarkable for their 

 fragrance, and are sold in the bazaars of India under the name of 

 Nagke^ur. 



The affinities of the order Cluiiacece are with Hypericacece, Tern- 

 r'i:,iii'-ace<r, and Ebenacece. The order contains 30 genera and 150 

 species. 



(Lindli'y, Vegetable Kingdom.) 



CLUTHALITE, a Mineral occurring in large nodules in amygdaloid, 

 constituting a congeries of imperfect crystals with rough surfaces. 

 Colour flesh-red. Hardness 3'5. Brittle. Lustre vitreous. Opaque 

 or translucent on the ed^es only. Specific gravity 2'166. Found in 

 the Kilpatrick Hills, near Dumbarton. An analysis by Dr. Thomson 

 gives 



Silica 51-266 



Alumina 23'660 



Peroxide of Iron 7 '306 



Soda 5-130 



Magnesia V233 



Water 10'553 



CLYMENIA. [CLYMENID.*:.] 



CLYMEXIDyE, afamily of Fossil Mo/liuca belonging to D'Orbigny'g 

 order Tentaculiferaof theclass Cephalopoda. Itembraces several genera, 

 which are divided into groups according as their partitions are without 

 or possess a single lateral lobe. To the first division, or those without 

 lateral or dorsal lobes, belong the genera Melitt, Cwmeroceras, Campu- 

 lita, and Trochiliia, To the second division, or those in which the 

 partitions have one lateral lobe but no dorsal lobe, the genera Clymenia 

 and Megatiphonia are referred. 



The genus Clymenia, the type of this family, was first separated 

 from the (joniatitet, to which it has a strong resemblance, by Count 

 Munster. The species of Clymenia have the variations of form and 

 surface seen in Gvniatitet. [GONIATITK3.J By some writers the 

 Ctymenida are referred to the ffautitida, with which they have no 

 doubt a stronger affinity than with Ammonitidct, the family to which 

 Gmiiatila must be referred. 



The genus Clymenia has a discoidal shell with slightly lobed septa, 

 and an internal siphuncle. Several species were described by Count 

 Minister from some calcareous bands in the Palaeozoic strata of the 

 Fichtelgeberge. Some of these, with others, occur in the strata of 

 Devon and Cornwall, and also in North America. 

 CLYPEASTER. [EcHiNiD*.] 



CLY'PEUS, the generic name given by Klein and Leske to a group 

 of Fossil Echinida, frequent in the Oolitic Formations. C. ninwattu of 

 Leske is the largest British species. C. clunicularm of Smith is now 

 ranked as a Nucleolite*. 



CLY'THRA, a genus of Coleopterous Insects of the family 

 Chrysomelida. The insects of this genus generally have the body 

 more or less cylindrical ; the antenna.' short, with the basal joint 

 thick, the two following joints short, and the remaining (with the 

 exception of the apical joint) serrated, that is, produced internally, so 

 as to resemble the teeth of a saw. The head is placed vertically, and 

 inserted into the thorax, so as to be scarcely visible from above ; often 

 larger in the male than the female. The legs are moderately long, 

 rather thick : in the males the anterior pair are often considerably 

 larger than the two posterior pairs ; the penultimate joint of the 

 tarsi is bilobed. 



The larvtc of these insects (at least those that are known) inhabit 

 a coriaceous tube, which they drag about with them. 



The Clyihne reside on trees and shrubs, and those found in this 

 country appear in the beginning of the summer. The species are 

 very abundant, and seldom adorned with metallic colours. In England 

 we have five species, the most common of which is C. quadripunctata. 

 This is not quite half an inch in length, and black ; the elytra ochre- 

 coloured, with four black spots, two near the base, and two near the 

 middle. The next species which is not uncommonly met with is 

 C. tridentata. This beetle is rather less than the last, and of a 

 blue-green colour, thickly and finely punctured above; the elytra 

 are pale-yellow and immaculate ; the anterior pair of legs in the male 

 are elongated. 



CLY'TUS, a genus of Coleopterous Insect* of the section Lonyi- 

 corties and family Ceramtjifcidfc. 



The species of the genus Clytui (a genus established by Fabricius) 

 form a well-marked group among th Cerambycidrt, and are chiefly 

 distinguished by their having the palpi short and nearly equal, the 

 terminal joint thicker than the others, and truncated at the apex ; 

 the head narrower than the thorax, and the latter nearly globular or 



