' 



CLU8IA. 



*. tab. end 



apede* of herring : was 

 Proceeding. of the 

 M une gmUe- 

 where a figure 

 BUoqrof MM* 

 b Mr. TarrrlT. description 



!**. I*'* Berrta*. 



I t V Mr Varr.ll. and H-cnl-d in UM 

 1 nl alml 11 'nj'f r '"".r *' An aaonunt by UM 

 M*Lato>grrn UM ZooHpoal JoarnaV ml T w 

 TlL JSrSl to to^M wJl M in hb'BUo 



........I..,,, 



than UM Wngth of UM head. and. compared to the length of 



lib* band end body lf*ir. i* a* one to three and . half ; it i. there- 

 fare awn t i^ir in {vonortion to iu length than our common 

 borrtog, and ha* bnth UM donnl and abdominal lines much more 

 ssnisi UM nndsr jaw longer than UM upper, and provide.) with 

 Un few pn*ninenl txrth JiMt within the angle formed by the 

 ijM.hmi the Mpertor maxillary bte> hare their edge* slightly 

 anal I ; UM eye Urffa, in breadth full one fourth of the length of 

 tb. whow head; uvU. nab yellow; the doraal fin is placed behind 

 UM eantt* of gravity, but not eo much ao a* in the common herring ; 

 UM ante* are nailer; the lid** without any distinct lateral line; 

 UM edf* of the bally earteatod. but not Hrratod; the fin* small. 

 TW fa. rajs in MoiW are donal. 18; pectoral, 17; ventral, 9, 

 MX U ; *nd ennwO. SO. Vertebra. i4. 



- TW back and nffir |rt of the side, are deep blue, with green 

 I t Hinia. peaanc Mo Mlrery-white beneath. The fleah of this 

 MM diaW. Awn that of the eoamon berring in flavour, and i* 



| -'. M 



: . . . .i.i u 



, - _k_ 



ig the variou* 



*naf*d in taking pnU 



M. -. ] -..-. 



.'..'a*. UM 8pnl. alled in France U Melet, Eeprot, or 

 tUna***. ThM tab ha* by many author* been confounded with 

 UMMMefUMberrtM. It however dMtinct, and it. character* 



<mt by rVemant ; they area* 

 snrlyUMn*tonit*MMorUM herring, hot the depth of the body i. 

 i than in UM jroong of that species ; the gill- 

 I ; UM toaUl of UM lower jaw are so minute a* 

 to b* **> ranbM to UM toneh. The doraal tn i* placed farther 

 been, and UM heel to UM ahaomsn i* more nantoly Mcrated than in 



in the early part of Noromber; Woo* to 

 Jow bejiiaaa. awl UM market* ouotinoe 



UM winter month*. Like the 

 inhabit tW'deep water daring the rammer: 

 UMT nra |liiiiliiml n> to b* IreaannUy used for manuring the land, 

 MM * efton aold a. low a. 4*1 per bushel 



II the White Bai<; Frenah, Bknqoette; Oerman, 

 rtsllan*; TV. ft* ha* been Mppotsd to b* the roan* of the Shad. 

 Mr TnmaO Wweiet. wnw a eanf.il inrsstlgatlon of MM enbject, 

 ssswtol si tt to be a daMfaMt ap.ol... lu dUingaiabing eharac 

 er. -Laaalfc at UM bead ne|Mfil with that of the body, and 

 hMMMf UM toil. M two to ire | depth, ns compared to the whole 

 nag* fUMnsn.MoMtonrcikMlorthe abdomen distinctly 

 unlil Wt M* *D sharp as In UM Hhad. The donal fin eommencos 

 Wtf we* hstwem UM tt of UM ! and UM end of the tail ; the 

 MM* a- a> sitahtly HinHii. UM lower jaw U the Wager, 

 imiiHi It. eaJMtr U Mlrery wbtu. gn>wia greenieh on Uv 

 UM Udjr i* nMM iiiniri if than in UM herring, and the 

 the alimsj b Mere nSirnly .rtiJ than in cither that (1.1 



and i. 

 tuebaok 



k-l to 

 ftahorthe 



grwt ahuwHanc. h) UM Thamee a. 



TW WMto-B.lt b oMbt in 



h*fb 0*> n> WMlwWl and IDaekwall. TW 



rf April, and t. mtinned to September. " When 

 WeaiwMh. ...Mr Yarr.ll. " tb* tide mtut IWT* 

 *Hir Won. and UM water WDOOM sensibly 

 i to %W tojto, brfare UM White-Rait will b* found to nub 

 itnrn down UM river with the fln* .bb- 

 ton* BUS** ate to armm than In well-boat, in pure 

 be*, wtfonnlr (aUed." Tb. food of tb. Whito-BaH 



Dr. I'arwll 



tbat he ha* taken 



WhMBert to UM frith f Forth to derable oaber. during the 

 '"'" "2* lti.ata>toea)SoUMK.J other riren of 



'.roorlto da* with all 



tare 

 jnfn 

 Tb.ad.lt Wbite- 



UMWrri** 

 *m**f*m 



re *r~4 to p.itw. ; UM gUUeWar* 

 TVe w4 M eMeM of UMooaet of Corn 



tt i. ala. Marly of UM earn. form, but rather 

 Mlii ntli depth ; the agate, are larger, the 

 aqonn. and UM donal in I* 



nf Cornwall in grant abundance ; 



commence* in July. The food of the Pilchard oou*i*U 



p* and other cnutaoeoua animal*. 



C. *(OM, LimiKMK (Aluta fnia, Cuvier), the Shad, i* another fish 

 belonging to this group. Curier separated thi*, together with several 

 other species, from the true Clupetr, from the circumstance of their 

 having the upper jaw deeply notched in the middle. 



Two specie* of Shad are found off the British coast ; the first, the 

 Twaitn ' ' ivll. known generally by the name of Shad (A lota 



jfa/o), is about 14 inches in length ; iU colour is brownish-green on 

 the back, or inclining to blue in certain lights ; the rest of ttie l>dy 

 i* silrery ; fire or six dusky spots are observed on each side, and are 

 dUpoeed longitudinally, the first close to the head, and the others 

 at short interval* ; the length of the head, as compared with the body, 

 is a* one to fire; the body rather exceeds this measurement in 

 depth ; the jaw* are furnished with distinct teeth, and the tail is 

 deeply forked. 



Thin fish is found in the Severn and Thames in tolerable abundance. 

 The principal fishing season for the Shad in the Thames is about the 

 second week of July. They begin to ascend the river about May for 

 the purpose of depositing their spawn, and this being done they 

 return to the aea about the end of July. 



In former times thu Shad was caught a* high up thn river a* 

 Putney; it now rarely passe* London lindu.'. and is caught iu the 

 greatest abundance a little below Greenwich. It* flesh is dry, and 

 therefore not much esteemed for the tiible. 



The second species of Shad, the Allice, or Allice Shad of Yarrell 

 ,.4/0*3 ooamimui, is considerably larger than the one just described, 

 tMing from two to three feet in length : it may moreover be distin- 

 rnuhed by iU having only one spot on the side of the body, near the 

 head, and that i* sometimes scarcely visible : the jaws have no ilist met 

 teeth, and the scales of the body are rather smaller in proportion, 

 though they are large in both species. 



The Allice Shad i* plentiful in the Severn, but of rather rare 

 occurrence in the Thamea. 



C. ateraneolui (lannajus), the Anchovy (Engraulii tncnuicolui, 

 Fleming ; Enyraulit rulgarit, Cuvier). Thi* fish, which is a favourite 

 condiment, is a native of the British sea*. It has been taken in the 

 river Dart; and Mr. Couch, in his 'Cornish Fauna,' says, "This fish 

 abound* toward* the end of summer, and if attention were paid to 

 the fishery enough might be caught to supply the consumption of the 

 Brituh Island*. It u abundant on the coast of Wales : " and Mr. 

 Yarrell say*, " The Anchovy i* reported to be at this time an inha- 

 bitant of the large piece of water below Blackwall called Dagenhiun 

 Breach ; and in May 1838 I received one that was caught iu the 

 Thames, where howerer thi* species is so little known that the 

 specimen referred to was seut to me with a request to know what 

 fish it was." [ANCHOVY.] 



CLU'SIA, a genus of Plant* belonging to the natural order 

 OtnWnceg or Gultifmr, named after Charles dc 1'EcIuse, or Clusius, one 

 of the most celebrated botanist* of the 16th century. [CLUSIUS, 

 CABOLDR, in Biou. Div.j It has a calyx of four imbricate coloured 

 permanent sepals, the outer one* smallest, usually doubly bracteate 

 at the base ; the corolla of 4-6 deciduous pntuls ; the stamens nume- 

 rous and frw in the male flowers ; few, sterile, and connected in the 

 female flower*; the style absent ; the stigmas 5-12, radiately peltate, 

 seesile, permanent; the flowers usually polygamous; the ovary 

 surrounded by a short (taminiferou* nectary ; the capsule flcsliy, 

 6-13-celled, opening by valves from the top to the base, with a dis- 

 sepiment in the middle of each valve ; the placenta thick, triangular, 

 central; the seeds egg-ahaped, surrounded by pulp, miapeuded from 

 the Inner angle of the cells ; the embryo straight, inverted ; the coty- 

 ledon* separable. Thi* definition include* the genus y.ij,.(/a of 

 Anblet The specie* are tree* and shrubs, usually parasitical, and 

 yielding a viscid resinous juice, of a balsamic flavour ; hence they are 

 called in England Balaam-Tree*. 



M, Hone-Flowered Balsam-Tree, ha* polygamous flower*, a 

 roto-ooloured 6-6-wpalrd calyx ; the tops of the dense nectaries awl- 

 shaped ; 8-12 stigmas; the leave* obovate, obtuse, veinleaa, some- 

 time* emarginate, on abort striated petioles. It is a native of the 

 Carolina* and St. I lomingo, and other part* of tropical America. The 

 fruit is green, and of the size of an apple, with eight lines running like 

 the meridian* of a globe : when it ripens it opens at these lines, 

 dwdosing it* scarlet *e*d* lying in the mid.tt nf a pulpy mucilaginou* 

 niter, similar to the pomegranate. The whole tree is very hand- 

 some, but few fruit* offer so beautiful a piece of mechanism. " It 

 grow* on rock*, and frequently on the trunks and Hindu of trees, 

 occasioned by bird* scattering or voiding the seeds, which li-ing 

 glutinous, like those of the mistletoe, take root iu the same manner ; 

 but the ronU not finding sufficient nutriment spread on the surface 

 of UM tree till they find a decayed bole or other lodgment wherein i* 

 some small portion of soil : th* fertility of thi* being exhausted a 

 root Is dUcharged out of the bole till it reaches the ground, where it 

 fixe* iUelf, and the stem becomes a large tree." (London.) The 

 ream collected from this plant U used u an external application iu 

 veterinary medicine, and also is employed for covering boats instead 

 of Ullow and pitch. 



C. Ma has hermaphrodite flowers, a many-leaved calyx ; corolla 

 with 6-8 petal*; top* of nectaries retiue, or with 5-10 short 



