COLUstRLLIACBA 



I toward* the point; nortril. situated in grooTe; 



*Mrw. It b UM tWfct ra/a of Utham ; Pkwaniu 

 /lir. Bron : Cbl*< //. L. V.UL ; Colombe Galline 

 Goora. Twnm. : Or-t Crowned Pigeon. Kdw. A .pecie* ~rpsing 

 ta all U other CW*.*. Total lenRth from 27 to 28 inch** ; 

 bill two bM*M loot, black, tip* of mandible, thickened, that of the 

 ,|,M on. ffmr-fclt JdUirtri ; he*d with a large derated semicircu- 

 ti' Mian il orasiof BMTOW straight feathers, with decomposed 

 or ntiMrOmaitod silky barbate*, alway* erect ; crest and body below 

 fTmrWA Wo; feather, of back, scapulars, and nnaller wing coverts, 

 bUrfc at th bast, rich purple-brown at the tip* ; greater covert* 

 DM colour, bat centrally barrr.1 with white, forming a tingle tran 

 nrw band aero- the wing* when clossd; quills and Uil deep gray, 

 th. Utter WrminaUd with gnyuh-bhw ; leg. gray ; tar*i 81 inches m 

 trarth. eoiwnd with rounded Malm not clowly set, with a white 

 barter of .kin round each; toe* strong and somewhat abort, icalee 

 placed M in the C<J*mtim<r. 







Great Cromed Plfcoo (Lofkynu coronatm). 



ThU bird i* found in many of the island* of the great Indian group. 

 X<4 ran in Java and Banda, abundant in New Ouinea and in most of 

 the Molucca*. Nest built in trees ; eggs two ; cooing of the male 

 hoars*, accnrapaniod by a noine somewhat like that of a turkey-cock 

 wkxo -rutting. Food berries, ssed, grain, Ac. Flavour of the flesh 

 i . 



" In this magrtaWmt and beautiful bird," says Mr. Selby, " we 

 obsarr* a ooaihinatiop of form different frum that of the ground 

 psyani so lately dsKribsd ; for, instead of the marked affinity to the 

 tyl*lil raaorial families, lh- .nd Tttramida, so decidedly 



xUbttod by torn* species, both in their mode of life and in their 

 deviation from the usual Columbine figure, we have, in the present 

 butane*, an apprnximatioo of structure much nearer that of some of 

 UM CrmnH*. another tribs of bird* which constitute* an aberrant 

 family at UM Rs*orlal Order; and it i* on this account we think that 

 U* bird cannot well be pUoe.1 in the same division with the ground- 

 i moat oomtitaU the type of a separate group." 

 CMsMtUshb IV. Buckland enumeratm the bones of the 

 mkj the rsmains in the cave at Kirkdale, and figure* a bone 

 a* awn appruaohes cloaslr to the Kpaniah runt ; but Professor 

 ia lus ' Britiah Fosril Mammals and Binl.. 1 i* silent on this 





 



by [tiail 

 IWMttfc 



ITK. Minoral into the compo.it.on of which the metal 

 tera. Oohtmbium on iu fint diKovery wa* alao called 

 Taatalom, and thU mineral ha* abo been called 



marairr. It i* of an iron-black or bmwnuh-bUck colour, often with 

 a characteristic iridescence on a .urfacc of fractun- : .[,. ntreak dark 

 irown, alightly reddUh ; lurtre lubmetal I opaque; brittle. 



The hardneea i. 5 to 6 ; the specific gravity 5-3 to 6'4. 



According to Dana the composition of an American specimen wan 

 a. follows : 



Columtiic with Kiobic Acid 80'1 



Protoxide of Iron rj-i 



I'mtxixide of Manganese 6'0 



Oxide of Tin '1 



Oxides of Copper and Load -4 



Bavarian specimens contain 1'. l<>{>i<- arid, which, according to Rose, 

 accounts for their high specific gravity, which range* from 57 to 6'4. 



This mineral is infusible alone before the blowpipe, but on mixture 

 with borax in fine powder it fuses slowly but perfectly, forming a dark 

 rraen glass, which indicates the presence of iron. 



Columbito is found in granite at Bodenmais in Bavaria, also in 

 Bohemia. It occurs in the United States in feldnpathic or nll>itir 

 rocks, at Middletown and Haddam, Connecticut, at Chesterfield and 

 Beverley, Massachusetts, and at Acworth, New Hampshire, frrro- 

 lanlalite i* a Columbate of Iron. 



(Dana, Mineralogy-) 



COLUMK'LLA, the central part or axis in the theca of a mom, 

 around which the spores ore arranged, without having any definite 

 connection with it. Also the axis of any kind of fruit when separate 

 from the carpels : in the latter case it is a hardened state of tin- 

 growing point. 



COU*.MKI.I.IACE.iE, a natural order of Exogenous Plants with 

 epipetalous stamens, sinuous anthers bursting longitudinally, and 



| * /I 



Ctottimrtliti oblonga. 



1, a flowrr w*n from above; S, the ovary, rtyle, and Hiinna; n, the hair- 

 ripe fruit ; 4, the fruit opening, with the calyx adhering i i, the pericarp nepa- 

 rated from the calyx ; 6, valve* of the pericarp ; 7, one valve and wed*. 



unsymmetrical flowers. They are evergreen shrubs or trees. The 

 leave* opposite, without stipules, entire or serrated; the flowers 

 yellow and terminal; calyx superior, 5 -parted ; corolla rotate, 6-8- 

 parted, with an imbricated activation ; stamen* 2, inserted in the 

 throat, alternate with the segment* of the corolla; anthers ronn.li-h. 

 3-lobed, bunting externally, each consisting of three pairs of narrow 

 somewhat sinuou* cell*, which open longitudinally, and which ore 

 placed upon a solid fleshy connective. The affinities of this order 

 ore rery doubtful. Professor Don, who first noticed the order, places 

 it near the Jasmines. It differs hownvcr materially from them, :md 

 may almost be described as a f.inn -if monopetalou* Onayracar, Dr. 

 I.iiiilli-y, in thi. uncertainty, leave, it by the side of Berbfracetr and 

 CwcAoiuxxa; to either of which, and especially to the latter, it may 



