

CONCHA' 





oanbaai u<a divwwjnf from a point do** to the umbo, no lateral 

 tesdi inane Talra, in the other OM diatinot bind cardinal tooth, an.l 

 rtaat vanr obsolete lateral ones; ligament external on the 

 r sid of UM umbooe* ; a Urge sinus in the pallil impressions. 



The species are fownd in temperate and warm seas. They bury 

 IhssssMlTii at a small depth in UM sand, where they are said to lie 

 with UM posterior part upward* to facilitate UM influx of the water 

 far respiration. The (anna ha* been found in aandy mud and soft 

 mod. *t depth* varying from 0r* to twelve fathom* from the surface 

 of UM asa. 



Mr. U. & Sowerby ha* addad a new specie*, C. mltiar, brought homo 

 by Mr. fuming. (' Zool Proc.') 



/fc*ar. r Animal rather eomprasood, more or UM triangular, having 

 UM mantle bordered with tentacular appendages; Ubial appendage* 

 large ; mouth small ; branchite very unequal, on the same side ; foot 

 oom pressed, trenchant, angular ; tuba* separate and elongated, return 

 ing into a anus of UM mantle. 



Hall more or lass triangular and compressed, always longer than 

 it is high, regular, equivalve, very inequilateral, posterior side shorter 

 than the anterior ; umbones but little prominent, and nearly vertical ; 

 hinge composed of two cardinal teeth, sometimes upon both valves, 

 siiiaslimss upon one only, and one or two lateral teeth more or lew 

 distant ; ligament external, short snd swollen ; muscular impressions 

 rounded, united by a pallia! impression, which is straight and very 



rated posteriorly. 



The species are widely extended. De Blainville says that they 

 occur in all part* of the world. They plunge themselves in sand anil 

 sandy mud, where the animal lies with the short side of the shell 

 uppermost, at a depth ranging from the surface of the sea to ton 

 fathoms. 



The species are numerous. M. Deshaye* in bis Tables enumerat. - 

 twenty-nine living, and in hi* edition of Lamarck thirty of then,'. 

 He considers D. fukncau. Linn., a* having bean established on a young 

 individual of />. tnrtum ; D. yratwta, Lam., a* a variety of I), etuteala ; 



ror/Mwi. 



/' 





 . 



i, u approaching nearer to the CjHuraas than the Donaca ; 

 a* belonging to the genus t'u;*j, Lam., if Lamarck's 

 are rigorously followed ; H. eardiSuU* (the animal), as a 

 subject far study, as it U Tory probable that it doe* not belong 

 . UM pallia! impression is not notched posteriorly, and 

 ._" Merer to that of Cardium medium than those of the 

 r . and ft ttrrilt and D. srripfa, as having more of the charac- 

 _-_-_.-_- ^*f*Mnaa Amaen. Forbes and Hanley give the following 

 apaoia* as British : ft. oao/isjiu. It has the inner margin crcniilated, 

 and UM hinge with lateral teeth. It is the ft frunrWiM of Linmcus. 

 * **T ao*jimon on all our shore*. I). j*ttitv* has the inner margin 

 entire. It U the ft romplanalui of Montagu, and is one of the most 

 beautiful of our native shell*. It i* never common, and is much prized 

 by collector*. It U found on the south coast* of England, and at 

 Baotry Bar in Inland. 



Lamarck divide, the specie* into two section* : fir*t, those which 

 hare UM internal border of the valve, entire or nearly so; second, 

 those that bar, the internal border dwtinctly orenulated or dentated. 

 De BMnrilM Mparate* them into five divisions, according to the 

 hapa, sculpture, and markings of the shea His fifth division is the 

 flaao* OMB of Lamarek. 



0. B. Hnwerby . in hi* Oeners of Shell*, 1 says, Of fossil species 

 f !* n T"7 = Brooohi mention* two, and we possess a small 

 * ^?' but ** *- ^"T * T "7 oarce." De Blain- 

 DWrsaos for isveateeu. three of which are analogues, one 

 near Bordeaux, on* in Italy, and a third in the environ* 



of 1'ari*. Ueabaye* in his Tablvsgives fifteen fosail (tertiary). ' 

 onlr (It. tUngmta) a* both living and fossil (tertiary). In his . 

 of Lamarck, the last-mentioned specie* i* paaw-1 without any notice 

 of it* occurring in a foesil state ; but /'. trunrultu it noticed a* fossil, 

 and Brooohi, Conch.,' t it, p. 537, No. 1, in quoted : nine fossil specie* 

 only are given. The fossils are said to have occurred principally in 

 the blue marls of the south of France, Ac., the beds at Bordeaux anil 

 Dax, and in the oolitic group. 



(irattlnpia. Shell sub trigonal, equivnlve, regular, nearly equilateral, 

 a little attenuated at ita posterior |H, in.l pi n.-nting st the poste.ro- 

 inferior border a ulight sinnniiity ; umbonesvery small, nut projecting, 

 hardly inclined forwards ; hinge with three cardinal diverging teeUi 

 in each valve, and from three to six cardiui-eerial teeth, lamellar, with 

 finely dentelatod edge*, converging towards the summit*, and situated 

 a little below them, under the ligament ; a single lateral tooth, ante- 

 rior, beneath the lunule, in the left valve, corresponding with a hollow 

 similarly situated in the right valve; ligament external, long, swi>]l<-n. 

 passing beyond the aerial teeth ; muscular impressions nearly equal, 

 oral, united by a pallia! impression largely and very deeply excavated 

 posteriorly. 



This genus, founded by M. Charles des Moulin*, was confound. <! 

 with the Donace* by M. de Basterot M. Hang, who agrees with 

 M. de* Moulin* on the propriety of this separation, says that there is 

 but one species, </'. donaciforma, which is fossil. It is found in ti,,- 

 marine beds of Me'rignac (tertiary). Dr. Lea, in his ' Contributioi s 

 to Geology,' describes and figures another specie*, (J. Monlituii, from 

 Clai borne, Alabama (America), here copif.1. 



Tellino. Animal generally very much compressed, considerably 

 elongated ; mantle moderately open at its antero-inferior pan 

 bordered with tentacular appendages ; branchiae unequal, on both 

 sides ; foot very much compressed, trenchant, and pointed before ; 

 tubes very much elongated, separated, and capable of being returned 

 into a fold of the mantle. 



Shell generally elongated, and very much compressed, equivoke, 

 regular, sometimes slightly inequilateral ; the anterior side not beiuc; 

 always much longer than the posterior one, which is often angular, 

 with a flexuous and irregular bend or fold at its lower border: 

 umbone* very small ; hinge with three canliiul t.-rt.h, and two lateral 

 one* which are often distant, with a hollow at their base in each valve ; 

 ligament posterior, swollen and elongated; a very small second 

 ligament near the umbo; muscular impression* rounded; pallia I 

 impression straight, and very deeply CXC.T. 



Lamarck makes the forms of Tellina and TMinidc* distinctly g. 

 Mr. O. B. Sowerby follows Lamarck's arrangement, observing that of 

 the TtUintf there are many species, ome of a form very much elongated 

 in a transverse direction, as T. rotlrata, T \-r. ; others of an 



oval shape, some of which are rough on the outci.li-, T. liii;/iiafelit, 

 for example ; others, again, nearly orbicular, T. icobinala, T. eamaira, 

 Ac. ; a very few have one valve more flat than the otl- alarit, 



for instance : while both valves are remarkably deep in others, a* in 

 T. larunoia. Of Trllinidet, he says that the number of shells that 

 may be rouged under it is rather considerable, although Lamarck ban 

 mentioned only one. 



Both M. de HlainvilU- and M. Uang think that these two forms 

 belong to one genus, and M. Deshayea is of the same ..piiii..n. 



The species are found in almost all seas, but more particularly in 

 those of warm climates, whore, like the Donacet, they live plunged in 

 the sands and randy mud ; Tillinn having been f<m<l in the tumui 

 at depths varying from tho nurface of the sea to aevi-Mt. rn t'.ithoniH, 

 and Trllinidfi in sandy mud at depths ranging from live to sixteen 

 fathoms. Mr. Q. B. Sowerby observes that they ar r.nnnionly tlic 

 prey of A\mrrhaiilrt, Jlurrina, and other carnivorous Trackclipodt, 

 which pierce the shell to devour the inhabitant. 



The species are very numerous. M. Deshaycs, in his Tables, makes 

 the number of living species sixty-eight, ami tli /, one. In 



his edition of Lamarck (1835), he records sixty-two only, the number of 

 species of TeUinidet being still one. Of these, he considers some as 

 repetitions or varieties (Trilina unti<" W./<<i. T. nUphnrea, for example, 

 the first of which he considers a white variety of T. radialn, and the 

 second as identical with T. latiroitra, the only difference being that 



