



10 



d also purge. T1jiiii**kltoh* | >oi.ooou*whenteku 



-,i 1.1 _ *U. !...... ! ! 



JIMWV > ^B1W WW BIWMIHlw^ 



.-, . ._ thkUthe aotkm on the human ytom. 



ttl* tM oa Ifci* plant with avnlity.and it ha* been propoaed to 

 oahinu. it ta Ui* country a* ft * * ' ' '~ 



IU aeure 



It i r..lbly does not develop 

 fal ebmatee north of iU native district* In a 

 (row to the bright of five fort, *o M amply to 

 --'ly in a dry eaon. When one* planted 



pOVftY IV ttUUTitjuM, *M*WB*BBU * / **J*JM*J " "" f--- -- 



it UdiaYcnlt to eradicate. CfMeM and C. tomeo hare the aame 



TW sped** of Conmillm are numerous, and are all *hrub* or herb*, 

 adapted far ornamental cultivation. Of the hardy ahrubby species, 

 ripsosd cutting* root freely, and may be planted in open ground in 

 Us autumn. Tfcs frame and greenhouse ipeciea are of easy culture. 

 grow bast to a mixture of loam and peat; cutting* strike 

 r to sand under a band-gbs*, and may be turned out into the 

 hordsr to spring, when they will flower all summer. Many of 

 UMCB are well adapted for rock-work, but are apt to be killed during 



(I too. DieUimmleOiU Plant* ; London, Kneyelojxtdia of Plant*,; 

 I.indlrv, Flora Mnlifa.) 



i;\ci.A. [Ciaunnu.] 



< < >):< >|-H I CM. a genus of Animal* belonging to the clan* Cnutatfti 

 and the family Gmmmrintr. With the whole of the family, it is 

 isssntlilii for the length of Ha antenna?. It ha* no claws. One of 

 tks niseis*. Confer grompa of Linnvus, Gammon* longicornit of 

 Kahriciua, Cnunw nlulalor of Pallas, is well known on the coast of 

 La KocheDe for ite habit of burrowing in the sand. They live prin- 

 cipally upon the annelids, which inhabit the sand, and are remarkable 

 for assembling fa great numbers around their prey, and destroying it 

 although it may be twenty time* a* Urge a* themselves. They also 

 attack ashes, moliutcm, and the dead bodies of other animal*. 



CORREA, a grans of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 *Ww, of which one of the specie*, C. 0/60, is used by the settlers in 

 Australia as a substitute for tea. (Landley, Vegetable Kingdom.) 



CORRIOI'OLA (diminutive of corriyia, a shoe-string), a genus of 

 Plant* belonging to the natural order I'aronychietr. It has 5 sepal* 

 lis^ttly cohering at the base; 6 petal* equalling the sepal* ; 5 stamens ; 

 3 eassUs stigmas ; a 1 -seeded indehuoent fruit; the seed suspended 

 by ite cord, wnich arise* from the base of the capsule ; the petal, as 

 toe sspml, inserted upon an obscurely perigynou* ring at the bottom 

 of the calyx. The specie* are procumbent glaucous herbs, with 

 alternate stipulate leaves. 



-oralu. Strap- Wort, ha* the (tern leafy on the part only which 

 bear* the flower*. It i* the only British species of the genus. It is 

 found oa sandy shores in England, but it is not an abundant plant. 

 There are three or four other speciea described, native* of America 

 and Africa. 



(Babmgton, Manual of Rrititk Botany.) 



N- MOSS. [PLOCARIA.] ' 



icUNDUM. Several lubstsnoes differing considerably in colour, 

 awl snnistiinM to form, but nearly agreeing in composition, are classed 

 together under the name of Corundum, which i* that given to the 

 i variety by the natives of India. 



, of which there are several varieties, the names of which 

 lent chiefly upon their colour : the H'hile Sapphire, which 

 is transparent or translucent; the Oriental Sapphire, which i* blue; 

 oriental Jsisrtsrf, which i* purple ; the Oriental Topaz, yellow ; the 

 (trimlfl fmnmlil, green ; and some other varieties occur, a* the Cha- 



1~* sad the itpalnml Sappkire. The Sapphire occur* in rolled 



BM* and crystallised, and the primary form of this and every variety 

 of crystallised Corundum i* a (lightly acute rhomboid, presenting a 

 great variety of secondary form* ; H usually occur* in the form of 

 -sided prisms variously terminated. Ite ipecific gravity is 3-975 to 

 K.I. it | doubts 





double refraction, and i* inferior in hardness only 

 Alone before the blow-pipe it suffers no change ; 

 a colourle** glass. In 

 parallel with the face* 

 vrry brilliant surface ; the 

 The fineat are found in Ceylon. Accord- 

 of 



. 6-25 



Oxideoflron ...... 1 



- 98-25 



Aoonrding bowwer o Dr. Thomas Muir, this subetunoe i* pure 

 alnmtoa. omUiaiag no rilica but what i. abraded from tho mortar; 

 and tU. b tike vWw adopted by modern mlneralogist 



. 



A4f. Coloor blood red or row-red, sometimes a Ungo of violet ; 

 primary form a* above, and groerally occur* in (tsided prisms. It i* 

 ot hard a. the Sapphire, and I. more readflvcl-ved. Like the 



The large** oriental ruby 



Sapphire, It 



the Sapphire, and 



of pure alumina. 



more readflvcl-ved. Like the 



t conataU of pure alumina. " The large** oriental ruby 

 b ~t fr" China to Prince Oargarin, governor of Siberia; 



H afterwards pane farto UMBBMIUJMI of Prince Menailkoff, and 

 now a jewel in the Imperial Crown of Rusaia." Dana. 



' "" TllriH3r UTO<ulJP oa "' d 



, 

 (Dana.) 



; it p 



* 



reat variety of colour, 



but is ni'-' i ..... Hiinnly greonwli r grayish : occattionally brown or red, 

 rarely blue. Although its most common form U the 6-*i<lotl i 

 it oocnre, though rarely, also in acute and obtuse double 6-*idod 

 pyramid*. On account of it* extn'in< li .-inlnnvi it received th>- 

 uf Adamantine Spar. It occur* in China, Bengal, Malabar, Tibet, tlio 

 Carnatio, Ac. Hi* used in the Kast Indies for cutting and polishing 

 preciou* stones, and also granite and other hard rooks that are em- 

 ployed in the temple* and other public monument*. According to 

 Cbenevix, the Carnatic Corundum contains silica, but this doe* not 

 appear to be constant 



Emery. This substance which, when reduced to powder, is much 

 used for polishing hard bodies, though very different in appearance 

 from the preceding, is, on account of ite hardueas and an 

 regarded as Amorphous Corundum. Ite colour in usually gn. 

 lustre i* somewhat glistening. Ite specific gravity is about 3*66 

 to 4 ; it occur* massive, and is granular. It is principally imported 

 from the inland of Nazoe in the Grecian Archipelago, and was found 

 by Mr. Smithson Tennant to consi*t of 



Alumina . . . . . .86 



Silica ........ 3 



Oxide of Irou ..... . . 4 



93 



It occurs also in Italy, Spnm, nn<l i 'axmiy ; and it i mud, in small 

 <lii:uititieH, nUo in Wicklow, Ireland. 



iii l;\ I H.-E, Crows, a fnmily of Birds belonging to tlif il 

 Coninalra. The bill is strong, slightly ciiltrinwtnil, or more or lem 

 compressed ; the gape or commissure straight. The nostrils are 

 covered with stiff bristle-like feather* directed forwards. 



" The A'ucifraga, Briss., our British Nutcracker," Bay* Mr. Vigors, 

 in his paper ' On the Natural Affinities that connect the Orders anil 

 Families of Birds,' in ' Linn. Trans.,' " closely resembling the pre- 

 ceding groups (Ham. Slurnitltr) in the form of ite bill, in conjunction 

 with liarila, Cuv., introduces us into the family of Consider. From 

 that genus we may trace a line of affinities, through some inter. 

 forms, to the Jays and Hollers, Garrultu, Briss., and Coracia*, Linn., 

 until we arrive at the Corrtu of Linnaeus, "which again branches out 

 into several groups closely allied to each other, but differing consider- 

 ably in the structure of the bill. Hence we proceed by means of 

 Glaucopit, Forst, to some genera, among which we may particularise 

 J'tilonor/iifnchiu, KuhL, Orypririna, Vi.-ill., Kulabet, Cuv., and Fregiita, 

 Cuv., which, in the metallic lustre of their plumage and the velvet- 

 like process that in some species ornaments the face, indicate our 

 approach to the Birds of Paradise. The lost-mentioned genus, Frt- 

 yilui, in particular, by ite curved and slender bill, brings us imme- 

 diately into this group, the Paraditea, Linn., which, in conjunction 

 with the Epimachut of M. Cuvier, terminates the family of Corrulir. 

 Here we shall probably find the passage from the present to the 

 succeeding family. The f.'iilmarfiui, more united in its front toes 

 than the Corrulit in general, holds a middle station in respect to that 

 character between the two groups ; while in the length and curvature 

 of ite bill it approaches, in conjunction with many of the Para<li*ir, 

 to some of the extreme species of the Hutrridtr, among which the 

 Baterot natuiut of Latham may be instanced." Mr. Vigors, in a note, 

 say* that he speaks with considerable hesitation as to the situation Of 

 Epimackiu, which bears too strong a resemblance to the Promerojtt 

 of M. Brisson, a group feeding on vegetable juices, with an extfnxilii 

 tongue, to permit him to separate it without some expression of 

 doubt. 



Mr. Swainson, in ' Fauna Boreali-Americana,' vol. ii., thus writes on 

 the Corrida: "There are some singular and highly interesting 

 peculiarities exclusively belonging to groups pre-eminently typifil, 

 which demand the deepest attention of the philosophic naturalist. 

 One of the most striking of these is the great difference between 

 those forms which belong to perfect and natural genera, strictly so 

 termed. We might cite the restricted genera, Tanagra, Caihmor- 

 hynrhui (C'atmarhynfhoi), and Cuccothrauttrt, as remarkable example* 

 of this fact, and as groups which would repay the most minute 

 anslynin. This peculiarity sometime* extend* to higher groups ; imd 

 in the present family, the most pre-eminently typical in the whole 

 circle of ornithology, it is more striking than in any other. It i* 

 perhaps to this circumstance that we must attribute the very imper- 

 fect manner in which the internal relations of the Corrida; have been 

 illustrated, and the artificial distribution that has been made of the 

 groups it contains. Our space indeed will not permit us at present to 

 throw much light upon the subject, further than what may be gained 

 by studying the following table of sub-families : 



Analogies. 



COKIROBTBH. 

 DEXTIROBTIUB. 



ScAjcsoniw. 

 TKHDIRIMTRH 



l-'i .;. . Mm, 



1. Typical Group. 



( Wings lengthened, obliquely pointed ; 1 ,, . . 

 ) lateral toes equal. ' 



2. Sub-Typical Group. 

 /Wings shorter, rounded, con vex ; 1 

 i lateral toe. unequal 



8. Aberrant Group. 



{Bill short, entire, light ; feet short. "| Crypiirirw. 

 Bill slender, lengthened ; feet short. J Fregilitur. 



